Hepatic steatosis is characterized by abnormal and excessive accumulation of lipids within hepatocytes. It is an important feature of diffuse liver disease, and the histological hallmark of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Other conditions associated with steatosis include alcoholic liver disease, viral hepatitis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and genetic lipodystrophies, ...

The present review is devoted to application of MRI techniques to the epileptic brain and the search for potential biomarkers of epileptogenicity and/or epileptogenesis in rodents that could be translated to the clinic. Diffusion-weighted imaging reveals very early changes in water movements. T(2)-weighted hypersignal indicates edema or gliosis within brain ...

Hepatic steatosis is characterized by abnormal and excessive accumulation of lipids within hepatocytes. It is an important feature of diffuse liver disease, and the histological hallmark of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Other conditions associated with steatosis include alcoholic liver disease, viral hepatitis, HIV and genetic lipodystrophies, cystic fibrosis liver ...

As part of the quality assurance programme in a dental radiology referral centre, the reasons for taking cone beam CT (CBCT) images were analysed and the volume sizes of the field of view (FOV) were noted. Eighty CBCT scans were carried out in the period examined. Implant planning accounted for ...

With the advances in diffusion magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been applied to a number of neurological conditions because DTI can demonstrate microstructures of the brain that are not assessable with conventional MR imaging. Tractography based on DTI offers gross visualization of the white matter ...

AIM: To undertake a pilot study assessing whether tumour heterogeneity evaluated using computed tomography texture analysis (CTTA) has the potential to provide a marker of tumour aggression and prognosis in oesophageal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 21 patients, unenhanced CT images of the primary oesophageal lesion obtained using positron-emission tomography ...

OBJECTIVES: DSA is currently the criterion standard for the assessment of dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVF). Recently, evolving MRA techniques have emerged as a non-invasive alternative. The aim of this study is to assess the value of 3 T MRI in detecting and describing dAVF and to determine whether MRI can replace ...

To prospectively compare the diagnostic capability of short inversion time inversion-recovery (STIR) turbo spin-echo (SE) imaging, diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) combined positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) in N stage assessment in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This prospective study was ...

Blood supply is crucial for rapid growth of a malignant tumor; medical imaging can play an important role in evaluating the vascular characterstics of tumors. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and micro-computed tomography (CT) are able to detect tumors and measure blood volumes of microcirculation in tissue. In this study, we ...

AIM: To assess the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in staging bladder cancer and to assess whether dynamic gadolinium-enhanced sequences have any added benefit in staging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Over a 22 month period, the MRI findings of 100 consecutive patients with histologically proven transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of ...

BACKGROUND: Assessment of right ventricular (RV) volumes and function is important in patients after tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) repair. Currently, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered the clinical reference method for RV volume and function measurements. Three-dimensional (3D) knowledge-based reconstruction derived from two-dimensional echocardiographic imaging with magnetic tracking is ...

The mechanical behaviour of polymer scaffolds plays a vital role in their successful use in bone tissue engineering. The present study utilised novel sintered polymer scaffolds prepared using temperature-sensitive poly(DL: -lactic acid-co-glycolic acid)/poly(ethylene glycol) particles. The microstructure of these scaffolds was monitored under compressive strain by image-guided failure assessment (IGFA), ...

BACKGROUND: The new Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) criteria classify axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) into human leucocyte antigen-B27 and/or imaging-based arms. To aid implementation, ASAS has proposed a definition of a positive MRI for active sacroiliitis.OBJECTIVE: The authors aimed to test the diagnostic and predictive value of the ASAS criteria ...

HYPOTHESIS:: Cone-beam computed tomography (CT) is proving useful in various operative settings. We hypothesize that it has great potential as an intraoperative assessment tool for ossicular prosthesis positioning. BACKGROUND:: Results from prosthetic ossiculoplasty are frequently disappointing. Undetected intraoperative displacement of the prosthesis may be caused, and obscured, by placement of ...

ABSTRACT: Study Design. A sheep study designed to compare the accuracy of static radiographs, dynamic radiographs and computed tomography (CT) for the assessment of thoracolumbar facet joint fusion as determined by micro CT scanning.Objective. To determine the accuracy and reliability of conventional imaging techniques in identifying the status of thoracolumbar ...

Objective: Assess the contribution of structural and functional neuroimaging methods to the diagnosis of dementia. Methods: This was a retrospective chart and imaging review. Participants were 24 inpatient dementia cases from a general hospital-based, university medical psychiatry unit. Data from clinical charts and imaging results were reviewed. Results: Most common ...

It is a major challenge to guarantee homogeneous acquisition during a prospective multicenter magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study that makes use of different devices. The goal of the multicenter Grand Ouest Glioblastoma Project (GOGP) was to correlate MRI quantitative parameters with biological markers extracted from image-guided biopsies. Therefore, it was ...

Reproducibility of the manual assessment of right ventricle volumes by short-axis cine-MRI remains low and is often attributed to the difficulty in separating the right atrium from the ventricle. This study was designed to evaluate the regional interobserver variability of the right ventricle volume assessment to identify segmentation zones with ...

Neuroimaging plays a significant role in the diagnosis of intracranial tumors, especially brain gliomas, and must consist of an assessment of location and extent of the tumor and of its biologic activity. Therefore, morphologic imaging modalities and functional, metabolic, or molecular imaging modalities should be combined for primary diagnosis and ...

Computed Tomography Enterography (CTE) and Magnetic Resonance Enterography (MRE) are currently the dominant imaging tests used in the assessment of patients with Crohn's disease. More recently, the possibility of utilizing F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) or PET/CT has been explored in several preliminary studies. 18F-FDG PET appears to ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The scope of trainee misinterpretations on pediatric neuroimaging studies has been incompletely assessed. Our aim was to evaluate the frequency of trainee misinterpretations on neuroimaging exams in children, describe a useful classification system, and assess related patient management or outcome changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pediatric neuroimaging examinations ...

The magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features, signalment, clinical history and outcome of 55 horses with a penetrating sole injury were evaluated. Our aim was to describe MR imaging findings within the hoof capsule, assess the utility of the technique and give recommendations for the optimal MR imaging protocol to evaluate ...

For many years, the mainstay of noninvasive evaluation of patients suspected of ischemic cardiovascular disease (CVD) centered on the use of myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). In recent years, the advent of newer modalities such as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scanning, coronary CT angiography, and MRI have broadened the means of ...

AIMS: To establish the additional value of three-dimensional echocardiography (3D echo) for assessment of right ventricular (RV) size and function in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) in everyday clinical practice, the accuracy and reproducibility of 3D echo were compared with conventional two-dimensional echocardiography (2D echo) and cardiac magnetic resonance ...

Cardiac CT is a rapidly advancing technology. Non-invasive CT coronary angiography is an established technique for assessing coronary heart disease with accuracy similar to invasive coronary angiography. CT myocardial perfusion imaging can now identify perfusion defects in animal models and humans. MRI is the current 'gold standard' for the assessment ...

Background Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is increasingly used for non-invasive imaging of the cerebrovascular diseases. Purpose To evaluate the accuracy of CTA in the assessment of the variation of the segment calibers of the circle of Willis. Material and Methods One hundred and 17 patients with acute SAH (51 men ...

Purpose: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantitatively assess functional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging lateralization of language function in comparison with the Wada test. Materials and Methods: This study was determined to be exempt from review by the institutional review board. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed ...

With the emergence of novel targeted therapies, imaging techniques that assess tumor vascular support have gained credence for response assessment alongside standard response criteria. Computed tomography (CT) perfusion techniques that quantify regional tumor blood flow, blood volume, flow-extraction product, and permeability-surface area product through standard kinetic models are attractive, but ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy and variability of right ventricular (RV) volumes and mass using dual-source computed tomography (DSCT) and the influence of slice orientation in comparison to cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). METHODS: In 33 patients undergoing cardiac DSCT and CMR, RV parameters were calculated using the short-axis (DSCT, ...

OBJECTIVE: Transgenic mouse models of tuberous sclerosis (TSC) develop renal cysts, cystadenomas, solid adenomas and carcinomas. Identification and characterisation of these lesions in vivo may help in TSC pre-clinical trials. This study was to evaluate T2 weighted MRI for assessment of renal lesions in two Tsc mouse models. MATERIALS AND ...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Magnetic resonance imaging olfactory bulb (OB) volumetry (OBV) is already used as a complementary prognostic tool to assess olfactory disorders. However, a reference standard in imaging for OBV has not been established. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare volumetric results of different magnetic resonance ...

BACKGROUND: In patients with scoliosis, the morphology of the pedicles differs from those in normal spines. Preoperative three-dimensional information of these complex anatomic situations means a great advantage for the surgeon in order to assess which pedicles can be instrumented safely avoiding screw misplacement and for the decisions in choosing ...

Purpose: To qualitatively and quantitatively assess the corticomedullary sodium 23 ((23)Na) concentration in human kidneys before and after oral administration of a water load by using 3-T magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Materials and Methods: Fourteen healthy volunteers (mean age, 28 years; range, 24-34 years) were included in this institutional review ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Arterial spin-labeling is an emerging technique for noninvasive measurement of cerebral perfusion, but concerns remain regarding the reliability of CBF quantification and clinical applications. Recently, an ASL implementation called QUASAR was proposed, and it was shown to have good reproducibility of CBF assessment in healthy volunteers. This ...

BACKGROUND: Current assessment techniques for focal acetabular overcoverage are neither consistent nor quantitatively accurate. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We propose: (1) a method to precisely quantify the amount of focal acetabular overcoverage in a patient's pincer deformity based on CT data; (2) to evaluate the consistency of this method; and (3) to compare ...

BACKGROUND: Critical mechanical conditions, such as stress within the structure and shear stress due to blood flow, predicted from in-vivo magnetic resonance image (MRI)-based computational simulations have shown to be potential in assessing carotid plaque vulnerability. Plaque contours obtained from in-vivo MRI are a result of a pressurized configuration due ...

BACKGROUND: Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) shares common clinical, neuropsychological and pathological features with other dementia subtypes, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), making it difficult to differentiate in clinical practice. Despite the development of consensus diagnostic criteria, many cases are missed, and biomarkers to assist with diagnosis would represent important ...

The pathology, assessment, and management of articular cartilage lesions of the hip and knee have been the subject of considerable attention in the recent orthopaedic literature. MRI has long been an important tool in the diagnosis and management of articular cartilage pathology, but detecting and interpreting early cartilaginous degeneration with ...

Purpose The purpose of this study was to analyze magnetic resonance (MR) technologist practice data to determine if MR specialty areas exist. The American Registry of Radiologic Technologists distributed an MR practice analysis questionnaire to a random sample of 1000 registered MR technologists. Task statements were assessed to determine the ...

Rectal submucosal lesions encompass a wide variety of benign and malignant tumors involving the rectum. With optical colonoscopy, any mass-like protrusion covered by normal mucosa, whether the underlying process is intramural or extramural in origin, may be reported as a submucosal lesion. Whereas the assessment of submucosal lesions may be ...

Bony integration of biomaterials is a complex process in which angiogenesis plays a crucial role. We evaluated micro- and nano-CT imaging to demonstrate and quantify neovascularization in bony integration of a biomaterial and to give an image based estimation for the needed resolution for imaging angiogenesis in an animal model ...

Objective-To determine intraobserver, interobserver, and intermethod agreement for results of myelography, computed tomography-myelography (CTM), and low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in dogs with disk-associated wobbler syndrome (DAWS). Design-Prospective cross-sectional study. Animals-22 dogs with DAWS. Procedures-All dogs underwent myelography, CTM, and low-field MRI. Each imaging study was interpreted twice by 4 ...

Neonatal aortic dissection is rare and most frequently iatrogenic. Decision making and appropriate imaging are highly challenging for pediatric cardiologists and radiologists. We present MRI and echocardiographic findings in the follow-up at 6 months of age of a boy with a conservatively treated iatrogenic neonatal aortic dissection (type B). To ...

Methods for non-invasive, cardiac risk assessment have historically relied on exercise stress testing with or without echocardiography or radionuclide imaging and pharmacological stress testing when appropriate. More recently, CT-based modalities like CT angiography (CTA) have been shown to reliably differentiate low from high-risk coronary disease. The advent of newer CT ...

Background: Friedreich's ataxia (FA) is essentially characterized by degeneration of the dorsal root ganglia, the dorsal nuclei of Clarke, and the long spinal fiber tracts, yet there is accumulating evidence that neurodegeneration extends beyond these predilection sites. Transcranial sonography (TCS) has evolved as a valuable complementary neuroimaging tool in the ...

OBJECTIVE: Influence of CT-based attenuation correction (CT-AC) in assessment of left and right ventricular functions with count-based gated blood-pool SPECT (GBPS) was evaluated in a mixed population. METHODS: Thirty-two patients (81% male; mean age 56 ± 12) referred for various symptoms or heart diseases were prospectively included. Data from 32 GBPS acquisitions ...

Massive haemoptysis is a respiratory emergency. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) can play a crucial role in assessing the cause and origin of the haemoptysis and directing the interventional radiologist prior to treatment. The bronchial arterial supply and to a lesser extent the non-bronchial systemic arterial supply are responsible for the ...

Orthopedic surgeons have multiple options available to treat articular cartilage lesions, including microfracture, osteochondral autografting, and autologous chondrocyte implantation. By having basic knowledge of these surgical procedures, radiologists can more accurately interpret imaging studies obtained after surgery. In this article, we briefly review the different types of cartilage repair procedures, ...

The loss of pulmonary artery (PA) compliance has significant pathophysiological effect on the right ventricle. Noninvasive and reliable assessment of PA wall stiffness would be an essential determiner of right heart load and a clinically useful factor to assess cardiovascular risk. Two MRI techniques have been proposed for assessing PA ...

Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a relatively rare, but highly aggressive, tumor, associated to exposure to asbestos, with a life expectancy between 9 and 17 months. Chest pain and dyspnea are the most frequent symptoms. The most commonly used therapy is surgery accompanied by chemotherapy. Preoperative assessment, after chemotherapy, has been done ...