BACKGROUND: Methadone intoxication can cause respiratory depression, leading to hypoxia with subsequent coma and death. Delayed postanoxic leukoencephalopathy (DAL) has been reported with intoxication by carbon monoxide, narcotics, and other toxins. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the metabolic derangement of the white matter (WM) and blood-brain barrier (BBB) after DAL caused by ...

This chapter reviews selected neuroimaging findings related to long-term amphetamine and methamphetamine (MA) use. An overview of structural and functional (fMRI) MR studies, Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) studies conducted in long-term MA abusers is presented. The focus of this chapter is ...

Diaphragmatic hernias are characterized by defects in the diaphragm that allow herniation of abdominal contents into the thorax. Herniation through the retrosternal foramen of Morgagni is rare, with less than 300 adult cases reported in the literature. This is a case of a 90-year-old woman who was diagnosed with herniation ...

A knowledge of normal anatomy as well as the most frequent variants and abnormalities of the portal venous system are of great importance for liver surgery and interventional procedures. An understanding of the varied MDCT appearances of these abnormalities will allow more definitive diagnoses and help avoid false diagnoses.

To investigate the diagnostic efficacy of gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 3.0 T for the detection of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) and compare with that at 1.5 T. Forty patients with 54 HCCs (size range: 0.6-2.0 cm) underwent gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRIs at both 1.5 and 3.0 T with 3 ...

The purpose of this article is to provide an up-to-date view on the spectrum of applications of volume perfusion-CT in the liver. Volume perfusion-CT yields important information on liver architecture and function by enabling quantification of dual liver parenchymal blood supply. Additional characterization of diffuse and focal liver diseases by ...

OBJECTIVE: There has been little investigation on the appropriateness of the hand position suggested by various guidelines in paediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). We aimed to identify anatomical structures underneath the chest compression landmarks and tried to find the proper hand position using computed tomography (CT) images for more effective paediatric ...

The diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CEMRI) was determined in patients with focal liver lesions (FLLs) in a meta-analysis. Meta-Disc version 1.4 was used to describe and calculate sensitivity, specificity, summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves and area under the ...

BACKGROUND: We developed a new combined (99m)Tc-galactosyl human serum albumin (GSA) scintigraphy single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT system to evaluate the changes in functional liver volume with portal vein embolization (PVE). METHODS: We performed a prospective analysis of 25 patients treated with right PVE, and evaluated their functional liver volume ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: To assess the value of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) as an early surrogate parameter for treatment response of colorectal liver metastases to image-guided single-fraction 192Ir-high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT). METHODS: Thirty patients with a total of 43 metastases underwent CT- or MRI-guided HDR-BT. In 13 of these patients a total ...

Liver imaging is an important clinical area in everyday practice. The clinical meaning of different lesion types in the liver can be quite different. Therefore, the result of imaging studies of the liver can change therapeutic concepts fundamentally. Contrast agents are used in the majority of MR examinations of the ...

Superior soft-tissue contrast affords magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) some advantages compared to computed tomography (CT) in both detection and characterization of focal liver lesions. Because of its relatively recently introduction into clinical practice, a growing number of articles in the literature have demonstrated the usefulness of the hepatobiliary-specific MRI contrast ...

The International Commission on Radiological Protection Publication 103 recommended that ionising radiation doses should be assessed based on voxel phantoms. An anthropomorphic voxel phantom for the Reference Taiwanese Adult was built from analyses of computed tomography (CT) images. Thirty representative adult individuals were selected from normal patients in the hospital, ...

PURPOSE: To investigate the usefulness of T2* mapping of liver on gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced MRI for estimating liver function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 33 patients were classified into 3 groups as follows: normal liver function (NLF) (n=7); mild liver damage (MLD) (n=16) with Child-Pugh A; severe liver damage ...

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging of active bleeding from hepatic and splenic trauma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three hundred and ninety-two patients with liver or/and spleen trauma (179 liver and 217 spleen injuries), who underwent CEUS examinations following contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), were ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Cavernous hemangiomas are the most frequent neoplasms of the liver and in routine clinical practice they often need to be differentiated from malignant tumors and other benign focal lesions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of hepatic hemangiomas, ...

PURPOSE: Pseudolesions of the liver including focal steatosis or non-steatosis and THID (transient hepatic intensity differences) are often challenging, especially when imaging patients with underlying malignant disease. We evaluated the efficacy of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the diagnostic work-up of pseudolesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight patients with pseudolesions of the ...

Purpose: To assess the diagnostic accuracy, image quality, and radiation dose of an iterative reconstruction algorithm compared with a filtered back projection (FBP) algorithm for abdominal computed tomography (CT) at different tube voltages. Materials and Methods: A custom liver phantom with 45 simulated hypovascular liver tumors (diameters of 5, 10, ...

We report a case of liver cancer with features consistent with fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FLHCC) detected by PET-CT scan. A 20-year-old female with a large liver tumor was diagnosed with 'malignant hepatic tumor' 2 years earlier and received five courses of transhepatic arterial chemoembolization (TACE) before she presented to our ...

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: The use of fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography to evaluate well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas is facing critical problems. It is reported that the activity of fluorodeoxyglucose-6-phosphatase, which converts fluorodeoxyglucose-6-phosphatase to fluorodeoxyglucose, is high in normal liver cells. However, the enzyme-converting activity of glucose-6-phosphatase of well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas is similar to normal ...

OBJECTIVES: To assess the feasibility of a comprehensive MRI protocol using intrabiliary contrast medium (gadolinium-EOB-DTPA) for evaluation of living liver donors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this prospective study, 30 donor candidates for living-related liver transplantation (17 men; 13 women, mean age 37 ± 10.9 years) underwent MRI including MR-angiography (MRA) as well as ...

To evaluate the benefit and effectiveness of MR-arterioportography (MR-AP) to achieve the highest sensitivity for detection and evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Twenty liver cirrhosis patients with suspected HCC were included before transarterial chemoembolization. In all patients double-enhanced Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed. A bolus of 10 mL Magnevist® ...

Abstract The targeting accuracy during CT-guided stereotactic radiofrequency ablation (SRFA) of liver tumours was evaluated in a clinical study. Patients under general anaesthesia were immobilized using a vacuum cushion and respiratory motion control was based on temporary disconnections of the endotracheal tube. An optical-based navigation system was used for 3D ...

Background Non-invasive MR imaging is expected to be used for accurate diagnosis and quantification of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), because NASH is a progressive fatty liver disease. New MR techniques, such as fat fraction ratio (FFR) and T2* value measurement, have attracted an increasing attention, because those techniques can measure quantitative ...

We report a case of an 89-year-old female with active extravasation and hemoperitoneum from a liver laceration demonstrated on multidetector computed tomography (CT), attributed to the use of an automated mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) device. Although iatrogenic internal injuries related to manual CPR and CPR devices have previously been reported ...

To retrospectively compare the detection and characterization of hepatic perfusion disorder (HPD) associated with focal liver lesions (FLLs) at contrast material-enhanced ultrasonography (US) by using contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) as the reference standard. The study was approved by the local institutional ethics committee, and informed consent was waived. Three hundred ...

To evaluate the use of a 980-nm diode laser for magnetic resonance-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MR-guided LITT) ablations in liver tissue in an in vivo porcine model. MR-guided guided LITT was performed on nine juvenile pigs placed under general anesthesia. Target ablation sites were selected in the left and ...

Background and Aims:  The American Association for the Study of Liver Disease issued guidelines that proposed that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can be diagnosed if a mass is larger than 2 cm in a cirrhotic liver and shows typical features of HCC at triphasic liver computed tomography (CT) or dynamic magnetic resonance ...

Purpose: This study aimed to characterise the CT findings associated with hepatic and splenic melioid abscesses. Methods: Patients with CT evidence of hepatic and/or splenic abscesses were retrospectively evaluated for clinical evidence of melioidosis over a 7-year period. After blinded review of the CT characteristics of intra-abdominal abscesses (IAA), we ...

The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the enhancement patterns of hepatic hemangiomas on gadoxetate disodium. A total of 22 patients with 32 hepatic hemangiomas (23 typical type and nine high-flow type) in normal liver underwent gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MRI. Contrast-enhanced images were obtained before and after contrast injection, ...

Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) and hemangioma are benign and generally asymptomatic hepatic tumors. With distinctive imaging findings on dynamic computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), differentiation of these benign hepatic tumors from metastases can be made. We described imaging findings of these hepatic lesions in a 57-year-old man ...

To evaluate the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of liver in a murine model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis using 11.7 Tesla (T) MRI. This animal study was IACUC approved. Seventeen male C57BL/6 mice were divided into control (n = 3) and experimental groups (n = 14) fed a methionine-deficient choline-deficient (MCD) ...

Purpose: To retrospectively compare the computed tomographic (CT) features of liver abscesses caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae with those caused by other bacterial pathogens. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board, with waiver of informed consent. Hospital records of all patients with a diagnosis of ...

Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles were in situ loaded on the surface of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by a solvothermal method using diethylene glycol and diethanolamine as solvents and complexing agents. The as-prepared MWCNT/Fe(3)O(4) hybrids exhibited excellent hydrophilicity, superparamagnetic property at room temperature, and a high T(2) relaxivity of 175.5 mM(-1) s(-1) in aqueous solutions. ...

Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common pediatric liver cancer representing 1% of all pediatric malignances and occurring mostly within 5 years of age. Liver recurrences and secondary lesions (abdomen, lung, and brain) can occur. Surgery and chemotherapy are widely accepted. Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is a benign, usually asymptomatic, and ...

To compare the image quality and diagnostic performance of 1- and 3-h delayed-phase MR images (DPIs) after gadobenate dimeglumine injection in detecting small hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) in cirrhotic patients. Relative enhancement of the liver (RE(liver) ) and HCC (RE(HCC) ) and liver-to-lesion contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of HCC were measured quantitatively ...

: To review diagnostic accuracy of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for colorectal liver metastases. : Colorectal liver metastases can be treated with surgical resection; however, recurrence is seen in 58% of patients. PET/CT may better detect extra-hepatic disease before surgery to more accurately identify eligible candidates for surgery and, ...

Selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) with (90) yttrium microspheres - also known as radioembolisation - is a relatively new interventional radiology technique offering symptomatic and survival advantages for patients with unresectable liver cancer. However, in delivering both beta-particle brachytherapy and embolisation of tumour vasculature, SIRT produces biological sequelae and imaging ...

The purpose of our study was to evaluate the association of hepatic hemangiomatosis with giant cavernous hemangioma (GCH) and describe the imaging appearances and clinical relevance. Forty-one patients who had undergone CT or MRI with reported GCH (> 8 cm) between 1997 and 2009 were identified retrospectively. Three readers interpreted ...

Hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs) are divided into genotype/phenotype subgroups associated with different evolutive profiles. Therefore, recognition of subtype is of clinical importance in patient management. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered the most informative imaging modality and liver biopsy a key diagnostic tool whose role in HCA subtyping has never been ...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was the assessment of kidney morphology and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in rat models of polycystic kidney disease and a healthy control group of Sprague-Dawley rats (SD rats). The performance of two non-invasive GFR estimation methods-3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and optical imaging ...

The advent of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) revolutionized abdominal imaging. In particular, the definitive assessment of CT injection protocols, for the evaluation of the liver parenchyma, is still a critical issue for radiologists. Over the last years, this feature encouraged several authors to address their efforts to find the most ...

OBJECTIVES:: Electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) for coronary artery calcification can potentially evaluate liver fat, another marker of cardiovascular risk. We compared quantitative estimates of hepatic steatosis measured by EBCT with those obtained by a well-validated, accurate-measure, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H MRS). METHODS:: EBCT and H MRS were performed in ...

PURPOSE: This study was designed to determine prospectively whether the systematic use of PET/CT associated with conventional techniques could improve the accuracy of staging in patients with liver metastases of colorectal carcinoma. We also assessed the impact on the therapeutic strategy. METHODS: Between 2006 and 2008, 97 patients who were ...

OBJECTIVES: To assess the feasibility of computed tomography (CT) based thermometry during interstitial laser heating in the bovine liver. METHODS: Four freshly exercised cylindrical blocks of bovine tissue were heated using a continuous laser of Nd:YAG (wavelength: 1064 nm, active length: 30 mm, power: 10-30 W). All tissues were imaged at least once ...

PURPOSE: To examine whether or not the parameters regarding the signal intensity of the liver parenchyma on superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)- and gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced MRI are correlated with the parameters of Technetium-99m galactosyl serum albumin ((99m)Tc-GSA) scintigraphy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study consisted of 55 ...

PURPOSE:: To retrospectively determine the findings of gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to distinguish hemangioma and metastasis of the liver. MATERIALS AND METHODS:: The University's ethics committee approved this retrospective study. We assessed 45 patients without chronic liver disease who underwent gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI. Diagnosis of 58 metastases and ...

BACKGROUND.: Accurate preoperative imaging is an important aspect of patient evaluation before liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) because the size and number of tumors are indicators of posttransplant prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the preoperative detectability of HCC and clarify the role of preoperative assessment on prognosis after ...

Liver cirrhosis is a major public health problem worldwide. Common causes of cirrhosis include hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, alcohol consumption, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Cirrhotic livers are characterized by advanced hepatic fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular nodules such as regenerative nodules, dysplastic or neoplastic nodules. Cirrhosis is the ...

A wide selection of insoluble nanoparticulate metal salts was screened for avid binding of [(18)F]-fluoride. Hydroxyapatite and aluminium hydroxide nanoparticles showed particularly avid and stable binding of [(18)F]-fluoride in various biological media. The in vivo behaviour of the [(18)F]-labelled hydroxyapatite and aluminium hydroxide particles was determined by PET-CT imaging in ...