We report the case of a 68-year-old right-handed man who was admitted to our hospital because of sudden onset of headache. On admission, he presented with left homonymous hemianopsia, disorientation, and recent memory disturbance; however, he had normal remote memory and digit span. He was able to recall the room ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the most suitable site and method to effectively generate isometric hip flexion torque (torque value) using transcutaneous electrical or magnetic stimulation. DESIGN: Eleven healthy volunteers underwent torque value and pain degree measurements during magnetic stimulation of the iliopsoas using three coil ...

PURPOSE: To assess Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent (BOLD) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for noninvasive preoperative prediction of Microvascular Invasion (MVI) in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective, institutional review board approved study, 26 patients (21 men and 5 women age range, 34-77 years with mean age of 61 ...

PURPOSES: We aimed to analyze the image quality, CT number, artifacts, radiation dose reduction, and coverage in abdominal virtual unenhanced (VU) and conventional unenhanced (CU) data sets obtained with a second-generation dual-energy computed tomography and to compare the sensitivity of VU and CU data sets for liver lesion detection. MATERIALS ...

We present an in-depth analysis of the resonance asymmetry in a silica waveguide ring resonator (WRR) and its influence on the waveguide-type optical passive resonator gyro (OPRG). A big bias error appears at the output of the OPRG. This big error is caused not only by the resonance asymmetry in ...

The purposes of this study were to describe the spectrum of cross-sectional imaging findings of pathologically proven hepatoportal sclerosis and to compare the features of advanced and nonadvanced hepatoportal sclerosis. Eighteen patients with a histopathologic diagnosis of hepatoportal sclerosis who had concurrent MRI or CT images participated in the study. ...

Background and purpose:  The aim of this study is to analyze the proportional distribution of epilepsy and epileptic syndromes in children and to describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities found in these patients. Methods:  Data from 457 children aged 1 month to 15 years at the time of diagnosis of epilepsy ...

Magnetic resonance imaging is the main structural imaging in epilepsy. In patients with focal seizures, detection (and characterization) of a structural lesion consistent with electroclinical data allows therapeutic decisions without having to resort to other more expensive or invasive diagnostic procedures. The identification of some lesions may provide prognostic value, ...

Animal studies and clinical observations suggest that epilepsy is associated with inflammation. Translocator protein (TSPO) (18 kDa), a marker of inflammation, is increased in vitro in surgical samples from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. TSPO can be measured in the living human brain with PET and the novel radioligand (11)C-PBR28. ...

We evaluated attenuation-based 3-dimensional segmentation for the analysis of left ventricular function, using as our standard of reference magnetic resonance imaging and dual-source computed tomography with traditional short-axis planimetry.Twenty patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease were examined prospectively. In all magnetic resonance and computed tomographic datasets, global functional ...

The educational objectives of this article are to provide an overview of the computed tomography (CT) findings in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. This article reviews the key imaging findings at CT in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. After reading this article, the reader should have an improved awareness of ...

To evaluate the difference in the caliber of cisterna chyli between patients with and without portal hypertension on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to assess the alteration of the caliber of cisterna chyli related to contraction waves during serial T2-weighted MRI. This study included 177 patients with and without portal ...

Hypertension is a common systemic disorder affecting the cardiovascular system and kidneys with important morbidity and mortality. However, hypertension is often thought of by radiologists as an "invisible" disease. The aim of this article is to first review hypertension first in terms of its diagnosis, epidemiology and clinical importance. Second, ...

Hypertension is a common systemic disorder affecting the cardiovascular system and kidneys with important morbidity and mortality. However, hypertension is often thought of by radiologists as an "invisible" disease. The aim of this article is to first review hypertension first in terms of its diagnosis, epidemiology and clinical importance. Second, ...

We analysed the association between focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) visible in MRI and the location of equivalent current dipole (ECD) of single interictal scalp EEG spikes (IIS) in 11 epilepsy patients. We calculated several indicators of distance of ECDs to the FCD border. The results confirm some previous studies suggesting ...

The multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) scan and magnetic resonance (MR) of the abdomen play a key role in the work-up to liver transplantation (LT) by identifying congenital anomalies or cirrhosis-related modifications, conditions that can require changes in surgical technique. Moreover, the MDCT and MR scans allow identification of cirrhotic liver ...

Object Several studies have suggested that neurovascular compression (NVC) of the brainstem might be a cause of hypertension. Because this compression syndrome might be demonstrated by MR imaging studies, several authors have tried to assess its prevalence in small series of patients with hypertension. This article presents a meta-analysis of ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced MR angiography (CE-MRA) and the added benefit of unenhanced proton MR angiography compared with CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) in patients with chronic thromboembolic disease (CTE). METHODS: A 2 year retrospective study of 53 patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension who underwent CTPA and ...

Pheochromocytomas account for less than one percent of hypertension and are usually suspected because of clinical manifestations, confirmed by laboratory evaluation and subsequently localized by radiology. Higher HU units on pre-contrast CT and hyperintense signal on T2 weighted MRI images are often seen in pheochromocytoma. Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scans have been ...

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a rare disorder that is usually associated with hypertensive crises. It is often missed but may be diagnosed by head computed tomographic (CT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging. An adolescent man presented for elective right shoulder arthroscopic bankart repair. Arthroscopy was performed using a ...

An estimated 10% to 40% of children with epilepsy have treatment-resistant epilepsy. Persistent seizures have negative psychosocial, behavioral, cognitive, and financial consequences and are associated with an increased mortality rate. Accurate syndromic and etiologic diagnoses are of vital importance because they may guide medical and/or surgical decision making. Revisitation of ...

Surgical outcome in patients with nonlesional refractory partial epilepsies could be improved by a more precise definition of the epileptogenic zone (EZ). The value of interictal FDG-PET hypometabolism, voxel-based-morphometry (VBM) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is still debated. We compared the sensitivity and specificity of these noninvasive techniques in localizing ...

Perfusion-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using pulsed arterial spin-labelled (ASL) sequences is becoming a more commonly used tool for the diagnosis of patients with focal epilepsy. We report a patient with post-traumatic epilepsy and cortical haemorrhage who had a complex partial seizure characterised mainly by ictal speech (verbalisation) during MRI ...

The hippocampus is not a usual origin of bleeding due to hypertension. A 66-year-old male suffered from headache and abnormal behavior. Computed tomographic images showed an intraventricular hemorrhage predominantly located in the right lateral ventricle. His arterial blood pressure was 198/92 mmHg on admission. No apparent vascular anomaly was demonstrated on ...

Craniometaphyseal dysplasia (CMD) is a very rare bone disorder characterized by abnormally developed metaphyses in long bones and sclerosis of the craniofacial bones. In this paper, the authors report 2 cases of children diagnosed with CMD and chronic intracranial hypertension with deletion in exon 9 of the human ANK gene ...

Cytologic analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid is used for lung cancer diagnosis. We describe a patient with a history of rectal carcinoma who presented with a new lung mass. BAL was performed, with positron emission tomography-computed tomography the following day. There was mildly increased fluoro-deoxy-D-glucose uptake in areas of ...

In those with drug refractory focal epilepsy, MR imaging is important for identifying structural causes of seizures that may be amenable to surgical treatment. In up to 25% of potential surgical candidates, however, MRI is reported as unremarkable even when employing epilepsy specific sequences. Automated MRI classification is a desirable ...

Our understanding of epileptogenesis is still limited. Knowledge is increasing with regard to structural and functional changes in chronic stages of epilepsy. At the same time, we have to appreciate that there is a significant lack of such information in new-onset epilepsy. The First Halifax International Epilepsy Conference tried to ...

The surgical management of neocortical epilepsy is challenging because many patients are without obvious structural lesions, or lesions are small and easily overlooked during routine clinical interpretation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. Even when functional imaging data suggest focal epileptiform pathology, in the absence of a concordant structural lesion, ...

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure changes can manifest as either intracranial hypertension or hypotension. The idiopathic forms are largely under or misdiagnosed. Spontaneous intracranial hypotension occurs due to reduced CSF pressure usually as a result of a spontaneous dural tear. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a syndrome of elevated intracranial tension ...

BACKGROUND: Controversy still exists over the etiology and pathophysiology of reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS). This large single-center case series aims to describe the clinical and imaging features of RPLS in an attempt to deduce the etiology of the disorder and the mechanisms of brain injury. METHODS: A retrospective chart ...

OBJECTIVES: To establish the value of the main pulmonary artery (MPA) diameter assessed from unenhanced computer tomography (CT) scans used for attenuation correction (AC) of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) to predict pulmonary hypertension (PHT). BACKGROUND: In contrast-enhanced chest CT scans an MPA diameter of 29 mm ...

Benign intracranial hypertension (Pseudotumor cerebri) has been described as related to the reduction in steroid levels in Cushing's disease (CD), especially after surgical remission. Ketoconazole is a common and effective adjuvant therapy for hypercortisolism, but the major concern is liver enzyme dysfunction. We describe here the case of a 12-year ...

A 28-year-old male who presented a relapse of intractable epilepsy consisting of complex partial seizures with occasional secondary generalizations at the age of 26, had undergone removal of a left mesial temporal lobe tumor at another hospital at 18 years old. Pathological examination at that time revealed a low-grade astrocytoma, ...

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder with diverse etiologies. Neuroimaging plays an important role in workup of patients with epilepsy. It helps to identify brain pathologies that require specific treatment; and also in formulating syndromic and etiological diagnoses so as to give patients and their relatives an accurate prognosis. Magnetic ...

Interictal Brain F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging has been widely used for localizing the focus of a seizure. Hypometabolism in the extratemporal cortex on FDG-PET study is an important finding to localize seizure focus, which might be seen as ipsilateral, contralateral or bilateral thalamus hypometabolism in epileptic ...

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a headache syndrome with raised CSF pressure in the absence of an intracranial mass lesion. Though earlier confined to excluding intracranial lesions, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in recent years has been shown to identify intracranial changes from prolonged raised CSF pressure, suggestive of IIH. We ...

In 1955, Dr. Jerome Conn described a patient with severe hypertension and hypokalemia and an aldosterone-secreting adenoma. The prevalence of hyperaldosteronism is increased among patients with obesity or resistant hypertension. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers reduce the secretion of aldosterone, but with chronic treatment aldosterone concentrations "escape" ...

Cirrhosis is the final stage of most of chronic liver diseases, and is almost invariably complicated by portal hypertension, which is the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients. This review will focus on the non-invasive methods currently used in clinical practice for diagnosing liver cirrhosis and ...

The combination of positron emission tomography and MR in one system is currently emerging and opens up new domains in the functional examinations of living systems. This article reports on relevant influences of a positron emission tomography insert on MR imaging. The basic conditions of main magnetic field and RF ...

A 26-year-old man presented with a case of angiocentric glioma manifesting as medically refractory epilepsy. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a hyperintense lesion in the right superior frontal gyrus on T(2)-weighted imaging, with cortical hyperintense rim on T(1)-weighted images and minimum contrast enhancement. Video-electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring characterized his seizures as originating ...

Advances in stem cell research have provided important understanding of the cell biology and offered great promise for developing new strategies for tissue regeneration. Dynamic determination of stem cell migration and distribution in real time is essential for optimizing treatments in preclinical models and designing clinical protocols. Recent developments in ...

Ameloblastic carcinoma is a very rare malignant odontogenic tumour with characteristic histopathological and clinical features, which requires aggressive surgical treatment and surveillance and, therefore, differs from ameloblastoma. Metastasis typically occurs in the lung. Only one patient with metastasis to the skull has previously been described and no prior case reports ...

The preoperative assessment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) complicated with acquired renal cystic disease in a 63-year-old male patient on long-term hemodialysis (30 years and 8 months) that was difficult because of no or poor contrast enhancement by dynamic CT scan is reported. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography with perflubutane microbubbles and positron emission tomography-computed ...

A variety of gallbladder pathology (eg, carcinoma, acute and chronic cholecystitis, adenomyomatosis, cholestasis) has been imaged with F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography or positron emission tomography/computed tomography. The pericholecystic rim sign seen on conventional Tc-99m hepatobiliary scintigraphy is a marker of acute cholecystitis, possibly complicated by perforation or gangrene. A ...

The typical presentation of Heidenhain variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rapidly progressive visual loss in the setting of a relatively normal ophthalmologic examination. At presentation, patients with this uniformly fatal illness frequently demonstrate only minor cortical abnormalities on MRI. Here, we document the clinical presentation and imaging results of ...

OBJECTIVES: We sought to investigate whether positron emission tomography/computed tomography (CT) angiography using [11C]-PK11195, a selective ligand for peripheral benzodiazepine receptors expressed in activated macrophages, can be used to image vascular inflammation. BACKGROUND: Activated macrophages and T lymphocytes are fundamental elements in the pathogenesis of large-vessel vasculitides. METHODS: Fifteen patients ...

The 'penumbra' is a concept coined in animal experiments suggesting that functionally impaired tissue can survive and recover if sufficient reperfusion is re-established within a limited time period, which depends on the level of residual flow. In an ischaemic territory, irreversible damage progresses over time from the centre of the ...

The assessment of glioma proliferation rate is important to predict tumor behavior, response to therapy and prognosis. Various methods, largely involving immunohistological markers in tissue samples, have been proposed to this aim; however, they all require tissue removal through a biopsy or during a surgical procedure. Consequently, non-invasive imaging modalities ...

Most borderline ovarian tumors (BOT) occur in young women and exhibit a low malignant behavior. Nevertheless, an accurate long-term follow-up is required because, frequently, recurrence arises after many years from primary treatment, especially in patients affected by BOT with invasive peritoneal implants, which have a worse prognosis. We report the ...