BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Conventional spinal angiography, although useful in providing angioarchitectural details of spinal vascular disease, has limitations. The advent of 3D angiography has provided a better comprehension of angioarchitectural detail when evaluating the intracranial circulation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of 3D angiography in ...

Congenital uterine anomalies (mullerian duct anomalies) comprise a spectrum of developmental malformations associated with varying degrees of adverse reproductive outcomes. Although traditionally diagnosed by hysterosalpingography or ultrasound, further elaboration of the findings frequently was performed with laparoscopy/laparotomy and hysteroscopy. The need for diagnostic surgical intervention has largely been eclipsed with ...

A 34-year-old male patient was referred with a recalcitrant leg ulcer overlying an extensive vascular malformation, which had led several times to septic soft tissue infections. During his infancy he had been diagnosed to have Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome. Clinical examination revealed asymmetric hypertrophy of the lower extremities, an extensive portwine stain ...

METHODS: From the generally accepted data on the morphogenesis of the brain, the principles for the classification of brain malformations are given, and the salient features of each malformation which may be considered as independent from the developmental stage and therefore practical for MR imaging in the fetus after mid-gestation, ...

INTRODUCTION: Ventricular dilatation is generally defined on ultrasounds (US) or MRI as an atrium larger than 10 to 12 mm on axial or coronal planes. After 22 weeks, this measure is independent of the term. METHODS: In the view of the prognostication, it is of utmost importance to not only ...

Corticospinal tract (CST) information using anisotropic diffusion-weighted imaging and magnetoencephalography were integrated into radiosurgical planning for two patients with deeply seated arteriovenous malformation. The volume of CST receiving >10 Gy, >15 Gy, and maximum dose of CST could be reduced when plans were created with the aid of CST information ...

Summary: Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (CAVMs) are rarely diagnosed in utero. Most prenatal imaging of intracranial vascular malformations relates to Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations (VGAMs) or Dural Arteriovenous Malformations (D-AVMs). We report a case of a fetal pial AVF with multiple fistulae and venous pouches, which appeared as an anechoic ...

Alveolar soft-part sarcoma is a rare, aggressive malignancy of uncertain histologic origin with a propensity for vascular invasion and distant metastasis. This neoplasm may mimic benign vascular neoplasms or malformations but careful evaluation of the unique imaging features on CT scans, MR images, and angiograms lead to the correct diagnosis. ...

OBJECT: Allogenic human fascia lata used in neurosurgery as a dura mater substitute can be associated with the risk of virus and bacterium transmission and with a delay in its incorporation due to immunological and inflammatory reactions. The authors review their preliminary experience with a chemically and physically processed fascia ...

To illustrate the rapidity with which a child can develop a severe, symptomatic Chiari I malformation, the authors present the case of a 3-month-old infant with Seckel syndrome (microcephaly, micrognathia, craniosynostosis, and multiple other abnormalities) and posterior sagittal and bilateral lambdoid synostosis. The infant underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging shortly ...

Ultrasonography is the main non-invasive technique for screening of ureterocele, but presents some difficulties for its diagnosis. Other supplementary diagnostic methods have the disadvantage of being invasive or using ionizing radiation. Magnetic resonance (MR) has a high sensitivity for diagnosing urinary tract malformations in adults and children. We report one ...

Idiopathic stenosis of the foramina of Magendie and Luschka is a rare cause of obstructive hydrocephalus involving the four ventricles. Like other causes of noncommunicating hydrocephalus, it can be treated with endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV). Three patients who were 21, 53, and 68 years of age presented with either headaches ...

Summary: Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformations (VAGMs) are uncommon vascular malformations associated with dilatation of the vein of Galen embryonic forerunner with single or multiple direct arteriovenous fistulas within its wall without direct reflux into normal cerebral veins. We describe a patient with a late neurological onset presenting a classic ...

Cysts of the third ventricle are rare congenital suprasellar malformations of arachnoidal, endodermal, or neuroepithelial origin. Depending on their size and location, they can cause space-occupying intracranial lesions and hydrocephalus occlusus by obstruction of the aqueduct or foramen of Monro. They can be missed on routine computer tomography and magnetic ...

The employment of neuroimaging studies in the evaluation of individuals with developmental delay/mental retardation (DD/MR) is still highly debated. The Consensus Conference of the American College of Medical Genetics has suggested that "neuroimaging appears to have an especially important role in patients with microcephaly or macrocephaly, seizures, loss of psychomotor ...

Cavernous malformations are commonly being recognized on CT and MR imaging in both asymptomatic and symptomatic patients. The diagnosis of CMs can often be made on MR imaging based on the characteristic morphology of the subacute and chronic blood products. An atypical appearance of a CM in the setting of ...

An efficient investigation of the effects of genetic or environmental manipulation on mouse development relies on the rapid and accurate screening of a substantial number of embryos for congenital malformations. Here we demonstrate that it is possible to examine normal organ development and identify malformations in mouse embryos by magnetic ...

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) is an anomaly condition characterized by abnormal vascular communications between arteries and veins in the lungs. Hereby we describe a 60-year-old female with PAVM. Although the patient was asymptomatic, an abnormal round opacity was found on a chest X-ray film. Computed tomography (CT) of the lung ...

There is a growing body of evidence in the literature suggesting that cavernous malformations of the central nervous system may develop after neuraxis irradiation. The authors discuss the case of a 17-year-old man who presented with progressive back pain and myelopathy 13 years after undergoing craniospinal irradiation for a posterior ...

The case of a newborn girl with a rare, giant, congenital, tissue lymphangioma giving rise to elephantiasis of the right lower limb is presented. The different imaging methods, especially magnetic resonance imaging, showed no extension of the lesions into the deep structures. At the age of 2 years, the child ...

OBJECTIVE: We sought to establish normative measurements of the inner ear using computed tomography (CT) of the temporal bone to aid in the diagnosis of inner ear malformations. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective measurements of the inner ear structures were made on axial and coronal temporal bone CT scans on ...

The appearance of an arteriovenous malformation is described from images derived from spiral CT and reconstructed in three dimensions using computer graphics. The existence and shape of a vascular malformation is demonstrated using a vascular protocol. This three-dimensional CT technique is an important adjunct to diagnosis using CT, MRI and ...

Diprosopus is one of the rarest malformations in humans. In addition to the facial structures, the cerebral frontal lobes were duplicated in this case. Three pairs of anterior cerebral arteries were detected, and the rostral parts of the superior sagittal sinus were duplicated. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and ...

This case documents a seldom-described event of retained products of conception masquerading as an acquired arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the uterus. The patient presented with sudden onset of heavy vaginal bleeding 6 weeks after artificial abortion. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a diffuse intramural lesion predominantly consisting of prominent ...

STUDY DESIGN: Familial cases of "idiopathic" scoliosis associated with neurologic abnormalities are reported with a review of the literature. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of neurologic abnormalities such as syringomyelia, Chiari 1 malformation, and tonsillar ectopia in patients with genetically determined "idiopathic" scoliosis. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Idiopathic scoliosis is ...

Accurate diagnosis and classification of haemangiomas and vascular malformations is essential for prediction of outcome and rational therapeutic intervention. The purpose of this review is to demonstrate how radiological techniques, including projectional radiography, ultrasound and colour flow imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, and conventional venography and arteriography can aid in the ...

OBJECT: The purpose of this study was to evaluate cerebral hemodynamic and metabolic features in patients with arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) by using positron emission tomography (PET) scanning. METHODS: Twenty-four patients with supratentorial cerebral AVMs participated in PET studies in which 15O inhalation steady-state methods were used. The authors recorded the ...

The authors present the case of a 22-year-old man with an unruptured arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in which an intranidal aneurysm had grown in the course of 3 months and was complicated by perifocal brain edema. A left parietal AVM was incidentally diagnosed on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. No aneurysms were ...

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Many theories have been proposed regarding potential causative factors for Chiari malformations. An unusual case is described in which regression of a congenital Chiari malformation was observed after repair of a thoracic meningocele without direct surgical intervention to decompress the craniocervical junction. This supports the importance of ...

OBJECT: Current radiosurgical treatment of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) relies on planning protocols that integrate data from both magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and stereotactic angiography studies. Angiography, however, is invasive and associated with a small but well-defined risk of neurological and systemic complications. Magnetic resonance imaging, on the other hand, is ...

INTRODUCTION: Chiari-II malformation is a complex set of anatomic abnormalities of the posterior fossa, brainstem, and cerebellum seen in myelomeningocele. Previous studies have tried to understand this condition and its clinical consequences by studying a few fixed anatomic landmarks as dependent variables and clinical symptoms as outcome variables. These studies ...

Assessment of intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) by conventional catheter angiography carries risks; moreover, this invasive procedure is often repeated for follow-up. We investigated the clinical applicability of two-dimensional thick-slice, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance digital subtraction angiography (2D MRDSA) with high temporal resolution in the assessment of AVMs. We performed 78 2D ...

AIM: To describe the imaging findings (MR imaging and angiography) of high-flow vascular anomalies of the tongue, hemangiomas and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), with emphasis on the discrepant imaging findings in lingual AVMs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of clinical records, histologic reports and imaging studies of five consecutive patients with ...

Sacral spinal dural arteriovenous (AV) malformation is rare and its clinical features are not specific to differentiate sacral dural AV malformation from the superiorly located ones. A sacral dural AV malformation, therefore, is usually diagnosed after negative thoracic and lumbar arteriograms. In this report, we propose a myelographic or magnetic ...

Venous angiomas (VAs) and cavernous malformations (CMs) are common cerebrovascular malformations. Frequently, these lesions are found in close proximity. The interrelationship between VAs and CMs has not yet been adequately defined. The authors report a case of a 48-year-old man with progressive dysarthria, dysmetria, and ataxia. Eight years previously, magnetic ...

A 49-year-old man presented with symptomatic cavernous malformation in the ventrolateral portion of the medulla oblongata manifesting as left-sided numbness and gait disturbance. Neurological examination disclosed sensory disturbance on the left, cerebellar ataxia, nystagmus, dysphagia, and right hypoglossal nerve paresis. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a cavernous malformation with hemorrhage occupying ...

Summary: We retrospectively evaluated 53 consecutive patients with cervicofacial venous malformation who had sclerotherapy. This review included a demographic analysis, MRI reexamination and tabulation of interventional therapeutic strategies. All patients whose MRI studies were included in this review demonstrated characteristic findings: space occupying lesion with hyperintense T2 signal abnormality, patchy ...

OBJECTIVE: To describe cerebellar arteriovenous malformation in a 21-year-old man with symptoms resembling those of ear disease and to discuss the relationship between the findings of neurotologic examination and magnetic resonance imaging. STUDY DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Department of Otolaryngology, Head-and-Neck Surgery of the Kyoto University Hospital, which is a ...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of half-Fourier single-shot turbo spin-echo (HASTE) sequences in MR imaging of the brain in pediatric patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: HASTE sequences were performed in 80 infants and children. Two radiologists who were unaware of the patients' medical histories ...

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: A Chiari I malformation associated with syringomyelia and hydrocephalus is a rare condition. We report the successful use of endoscopic third ventriculostomy for the treatment of this pathological entity. The successful use of this technique in such a case has not been previously described, and the results ...

Magnetic resonance imaging has the advantages of multiplanar capability and high degree of tissue differentiation. It is useful for assessing the extent of soft-tissue abnormalities, such as vascular malformations, inflammatory and infectious processes, muscle disorders, and limb hypertrophy. Magnetic resonance imaging is sensitive to the presence of water and edema ...

The Chiari I malformation is a cerebellar anomaly of uncertain origin, defined in part as tonsillar herniation of at least 3 to 5 mm below the foramen magnum; it is associated with crowding of the craniocervical junction. It is the most frequent of the Chiari malformations and is associated with ...

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the spectrum of developmental anomalies in the caudal region of patients with anorectal malformations (ARM) and relate them to the new insights in the embryogenesis of this region. METHODS: Forty-nine patients with ARM were investigated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); 24 ...

A 17-year-old man underwent an incomplete excision of a left fronto-parietal arterio-venous malformation (AVM), under image guidance. An initial attempt to treat the residual AVM by embolization was unsuccessful. The craniotomy was then re-opened in the angiography suite and the residual AVM was excised by, first, following the microcatheter within ...

BACKGROUND: New sclerosing foam is considered to have the advantage of causing more damage on the intima than liquid form. Therefore we recently applied duplex-guided foam sclerotherapy in a patient with venous malformations of the face. METHODS: A 20-year-old man was referred to our institute for the evaluation and treatment ...

OBJECT: The goal of this study was to evaluate the utility of preoperative functional magnetic resonance (fMR) imaging in the prediction of whether a given cortical area would be deemed essential for language processing by electrocortical stimulation mapping (ESM). METHODS: The authors studied patients with vascular malformations, specifically arteriovenous malformations ...

Hippocampal malformations in patients with epilepsy usually are reported in the context of widespread cortical malformations. Isolated hippocampal malformations are more rarely identified in MRI studies with little documentation of their pathologic appearance. Postmortem examination revealed abnormal position and complex convolutional malformations isolated to the hippocampal formation in an adult ...

INTRODUCTION: Resection of cerebral tumors or vascular lesions requires a precise localization to minimize the skin, bone and cerebral approach. The image-guided surgery is currently considered to be of undisputed value in microneurosurgical technique. METHODS: Between 1998 and 2000, 13 patients were operated in our service for resection of a ...

PURPOSE: To compare the clinical results of percutaneous sclerotherapy of venous vascular malformations (VVMs) with the authors' proposed magnetic resonance (MR) imaging classification. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR findings and clinical results of percutaneous alcohol sclerotherapy in 59 pediatric patients with VVMs were retrospectively reviewed. Before treatment, lesions were graded with ...

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to evaluate prospectively whether MR imaging, including dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging, could be used to categorize peripheral vascular malformations and especially to identify venous malformations that do not need angiography for treatment. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In this blinded prospective study, two observers independently correlated MR imaging ...