OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to directly compare nodule-enhancement CT and 18F-FDG PET in the characterization of indeterminate solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) greater than 7 mm in size. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Examinations from patients undergoing both nodule-enhancement CT and 18F-FDG PET to characterize the same indeterminate SPN were ...

BACKGROUND: Although pulmonary involvement occurs in the majority of children and adolescents with Wegener's granulomatosis (WG), relatively little has been published regarding the CT imaging manifestations in this group of patients. OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency and types of chest CT abnormalities in active pediatric WG (pWG). MATERIALS AND METHODS: ...

PURPOSE: To compare parallel acquisition magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with thin-section helical computed tomography (CT) for depiction of pulmonary abnormalities suggestive of pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The institutional review board approved this study; prior consent was obtained. Thirty consecutive neutropenic patients (10 women, 20 men; mean age, ...

PURPOSE: To attempt to develop a simple method to discriminate between neoplasm and nonneoplasm peripheral pulmonary lesions based on images of endobronchial ultrasonography (EBUS). METHODS: Between June 2004 and June 2005, 151 patients with bronchoscopic peripheral lesions that could not be detected via a conventional bronchoscope underwent EBUS for advanced ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate how changes in lung volume affect volumetric measurements of lung nodules using a multi-detector row CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten subjects with asthma or chronic bronchitis who had one or more lung nodules were included. For each subject, two sets of CT images were obtained at inspiration ...

To evaluate two MR imaging sequences for the detection of artificial pulmonary nodules inside porcine lung explants. 67 agarose nodules ranging 3-20 mm were injected into ten porcine lungs within a dedicated chest phantom. The signal on T1-weighted images and radiopacity were adjusted by adding 0.125 mmol/l Gd-DTPA and 1.5 ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate chest radiographic and computed tomographic (CT) findings of lung disease related to common variable immunodeficiency. METHODS: Thirty-five chest radiographs and 30 CT scans of 46 patients were assessed. Lung parenchymal abnormalities that were evaluated included airspace consolidation, ground-glass attenuation, nodules, bronchiectasis, and air trapping. RESULTS: On CT, ...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to use high-resolution MDCT to assess the relation of the pulmonary vasculature to septic emboli with particular attention to the feeding vessel sign. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The MDCT scans of nine patients with septic emboli were retrospectively, blindly evaluated by two observers. A ...

It is important to differentiate chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) from other forms of pulmonary hypertension (PH) to target treatment and optimize therapeutic outcome. Misdiagnosis is common, and high-quality imaging is essential if CTEPH is to be diagnosed correctly. In addition to making a diagnosis, imaging helps identify patients for ...

BACKGROUND: To determine the eventual outcome of abnormalities detected on surveillance computed tomography (CT) in patients with previously resected nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to assess the accuracy of CT when used by the thoracic surgeon, and to determine the characteristics of abnormalities on CT that correlate with the development ...

A 29-year-old woman with swelling, multiple nodules and discharging sinuses of her right foot is presented. A single nodule on the sole was excised 15 years ago and since then she has had recurrent attacks of swelling and discharging sinuses that improved partially with antibiotics. Magnetic resonance images (MRI) revealed ...

We compared the enhancement pattern of 98 hepatocellular carcinoma nodules in 92 patients on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT). Contrast-enhanced ultrasound was performed with SonoVue and a low mechanical index method. In arterial phase, 98 nodules were hyperenhancing on CEUS and 94 on CECT. In portal phase, ...

OBJECTIVE: For staging, follow-up and even screening (www.screening.info) an "all-in-one" imaging examination is desirable. In the concept of whole body MRI, lung imaging prevails as the weakest link. The purpose of our study was to determine the optimal MRI sequences for the detection of malignant lung nodules. PATIENTS AND METHODS: ...

OBJECTIVE: This article describes a new research ultrasound scanner that can be programmed to produce elastograms and backscatter parametric images in real time. Its performance was evaluated in a clinical setting. METHODS: Radio frequency data were acquired from 13 patients with thyroid nodules and from 4 normal thyroids, along with ...

PURPOSE: To retrospectively evaluate pulmonary computed tomographic (CT) findings in human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) carriers, who were characterized by means of polyclonal integration of proviral DNA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Institutional review board approval was obtained, and informed consent was waived. Chest CT scans obtained between January 1996 and ...

We report a rare case of diaphragmatic hemangioma with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings. A routine chest radiograph in a 75-year-old woman revealed a nodular opacity in the right lower lung field. Multidetector-row computed tomography revealed a well-circumscribed nodule arising from the diaphragm or pleura. Dynamic magnetic resonance ...

STUDY OBJECTIVES: We performed ultrathin bronchoscopy for pulmonary peripheral lesions using a system that displays virtual bronchoscopy (VB) images to the lesion simultaneously with actual images and navigates the bronchoscope to the target bronchus. We then evaluated the system with regard to its usefulness and problems. DESIGN: A pilot study. ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the dynamic CT findings of pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma presenting as a solitary pulmonary nodule and to compare these findings with histopathologic findings. CONCLUSION: On dynamic CT, sclerosing hemangioma has strong and rapid enhancement attributed histopathologically to the presence of hemangiomatous or ...

The purpose of this study was to compare the high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings of pulmonary invasive aspergillosis and candidiasis in immunocompromised patients. The study included 54 immunocompromised patients (32 men, 22 women; 10 to 68 years of age, median 40 years) with a diagnosis of Aspergillus (n=32) or Candida ...

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a severe disease that has been ignored for a long time. However, with the development of improved therapeutic modalities, cardiologists and thoracic surgeons have shown increasing interest in the diagnostic work-up of this entity. The diagnosis and management of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension require ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the individual and combined usefulness of MRI techniques in cases of acute pulmonary embolism and to compare the usefulness of these techniques with that of 16-MDCT. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Sixty-two patients with symptoms indicating acute pulmonary embolism underwent an MRI protocol ...

AIM: To determine whether there was a significant difference in the prevalence of emboli detected when patients underwent computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) in a craniocaudal direction versus a caudocranial direction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective study of 203 consecutive patients attending for CTPA for suspected pulmonary embolus. ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the reliability of software-calculated doubling times for discerning malignant versus benign nodules. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT lung analysis volumetric software was used to retrospectively calculate the doubling times of 63 solid noncalcified nodules by comparing nodule volumes on baseline and follow-up ...

Sudden onset of shortness of breath and chest pain as well as a decreased oxygen level in the blood can be signs that a patient is experiencing a pulmonary embolic episode; however, a great many other conditions also can cause these signs and symptoms. If left undiagnosed and untreated, pulmonary ...

Congenital heart disease (CHD), including complex anomalies of the pulmonary arteries, are now earlier diagnosed and treated. Due to improvements in interventional and surgical therapy, the number of patients with the need for follow-up examinations is increasing. Pre- and postinterventional imaging should be done as gently as possible, avoiding invasive ...

We report a rare example of catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS) in a young child. A 3-year-old girl with no previous medical history presented with extensive and recurrent thromboses. The diagnosis of CAPS was based on the occurrence of cardiopulmonary embolism in the child with a high titre of autoantibodies directed ...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to evaluate chest radiographic and CT findings of patients with pulmonary lesions associated with visceral larva migrans due to Ascaris suum or Toxocara canis. CT investigation was focused on the location, size, contour, and internal features of the lesions; migration of lesions; mediastinal ...

Over the last decade, contrast-enhanced spiral CT has been established as a non-invasive alternative to catheter angiography and is now regarded as the first-line imaging investigation for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE). The reported sensitivities for the diagnosis of PE of spiral CT vary from 45 to 100% and ...

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of novel color digital summation radiography (CDSR) for detecting solitary pulmonary nodules on chest radiographs by observers with different levels of experience. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 30 healthy controls and 30 patients with newly detected solitary pulmonary ...

PURPOSE: To compare retrospectively the incremental value of indirect computed tomographic (CT) venography performed after multi-detector row CT pulmonary angiography and single-detector row CT pulmonary angiography for the diagnosis of venous thromboembolism (VTE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The institutional ethics committee approved this study; informed consent was not required. The authors ...

PURPOSE: To estimate the association between signal characteristic of dynamic enhanced MRI using curve types and angiogenesis in solitary pulmonary nodules. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six patients with a solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) ranging in size from 6 to 37 mm (median 17 mm) underwent dynamic contrast enhanced MRI with a ...

PURPOSE: To retrospectively determine the prevalence and natural history of incidental pulmonary emboli in oncology patients, the number of such cases reported at initial thoracic computed tomographic (CT) image interpretation, and the factors that contribute to underdiagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Institutional review board approval, which included HIPAA-compliant access to protected ...

Pulmonary embolism is the leading cause of death in pregnancy. Despite the difficulties in clinical diagnosis and the concerns regarding radiation of the fetus, the British Thoracic Society guidelines for imaging pulmonary embolism do not specifically address the issue of imaging for pulmonary embolism in this group. This communication discusses ...

Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension is a rare and potentially fatal condition. Without treatment, survival is only approximately 2.8 years from diagnosis. However, if the pulmonary hypertension is secondary to other causes, especially to congenital heart disease, it is possible to survive for 30 years or more without treatment. In recent ...

The workup of patients suspected of having pulmonary metastases is complicated by the fact that a high percentage of pulmonary metastases are 6mm or less at presentation. Helical CT scans and high-resolution CT scans currently miss many of the lesions eventually detected at thoracotomy and many of the lesions detected ...

Imaging studies in people indicate that x-ray computed tomography (CT) is a more sensitive technique than thoracic radiography for the detection of pulmonary metastasic neoplasia. Systematic studies comparing CT and thoracic radiographic techniques in veterinary patients have not been performed. The present retrospective study was designed to directly compare the ...

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to evaluate the performance of a computer-aided detection (CAD) system for pulmonary nodule detection using low-dose screening CT images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred fifty consecutive low-dose screening CT examinations were independently evaluated by a radiologist and a CAD pulmonary nodule detection system (R2 Technology) designed ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to review the chest radiographic, CT, and MRI appearances of primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC). CONCLUSION: Primary pulmonary LELC is histopathologically identical to nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The radiographic, CT, and MRI features of primary pulmonary LELC are nonspecific, often resembling those of bronchogenic carcinoma. ...

PURPOSE: To determine whether conventional nodule densitometry or analysis based on contrast enhancement maps of indeterminate lung nodules imaged with contrast-enhanced CT can distinguish benign from malignant lung nodules. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Thin section, contrast-enhanced CT (baseline, and post-contrast series acquired at 45, 90,180, and 360 s) was performed on ...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Our aim is to document current imaging practices for diagnosing acute pulmonary embolism (PE) among physicians practicing in the United States and explore factors associated with these practices. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between September 2004 and February 2005, we surveyed by mail 855 physicians selected at random from ...

The pulmonary nodule is the most common manifestation of lung cancer, the most deadly of all cancers. Most small pulmonary nodules are benign, however, and currently the growth rate of the nodule provides for one of the most accurate noninvasive methods of determining malignancy. In this paper, we present methods ...

BACKGROUND: Thyroid nodules are common, yet treatment modalities range from observation to surgical resection. Because thyroid nodules are frequently found incidentally during routine physical examination or imaging performed for another reason, physicians from a diverse range of specialties encounter thyroid nodules. Clinical decision making depends on proper evaluation of the ...

Although the advent of multi-detector row computed tomography (CT) has enabled better visualization of subsegmental pulmonary (SSP) arteries, SSP embolism is of uncertain clinical significance. We aimed at answering the following questions: Is spiral CT an accurate method to detect SSP embolism? How are subsegmental perfusion defects managed in outcome ...

Gefitinib (Iressatrade mark) is an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has been approved for the treatment of lung cancer in Japan, however, after marketing several cases of severe pulmonary toxicity were reported. The West Japan Thoracic Oncology Group conducted an independent survey of acute pulmonary toxicity and ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of detection of small pulmonary nodules on quiet breathing attenuation correction CT (CTAC) and FDG-PET when performing integrated PET/CT, as compared with a diagnostic inspiratory CT scan acquired in the same imaging session. METHODS: PET/CT scans of 107 patients ...

The purpose of this study is to describe the computed tomography (CT) findings in pulmonary fat embolism syndrome (FES). The chest radiographs and CT scans of 5 patients with the diagnosis of FES as determined by the presence of at least 1 major and 4 minor criteria were reviewed. The ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the detection of small pulmonary nodules, in the diameter range of 5.4 to 15 mm, using direct digital chest imaging and soft copy interpretation on picture archiving and communication systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The results of clinical computed tomography (CT) scans of the thorax were retrospectively reviewed ...

Recent advances in the technology of helical multidetector CT allow precise evaluations of nodule hemodynamics. In addition, the efficacy of tissue characterization has improved, and now sensitivity and specificity of >90% are achieved. Moreover, the efficacy of PET for the tissue characterization of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) has also become ...

The educational objectives for this self-assessment module on imaging of pulmonary embolism are for the participant to exercise, self-assess, and improve his or her understanding of the evaluation of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism using CT angiography; gain familiarity with nonembolic conditions that may be found in patients who are ...

Malignant transformation is a rare complication of endometriosis. Endometriosis-associated ovarian cancers are seen more often in younger women than are ovarian cancers without endometriosis, and early detection is important to improve the prognosis and preserve fertility. However, normal decidual change of the ectopic endometrium in an endometrioma during pregnancy must ...