BACKGROUND: Inflammatory conditions are the most common pathology affecting the salivary glands. Magnetic resonance (MR) sialography has emerged as an alternative to conventional sialography for evaluation of inflammatory salivary gland diseases. PURPOSE: To prospectively evaluate the role and diagnostic accuracy of MR sialography in the diagnosis of inflammatory salivary gland ...

AIM: To evaluate the accuracy of ultrasound and parathyroid scintigraphy using single photon-emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) for the preoperative localization of solitary parathyroid adenomas in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism who would be suitable for minimally invasive parathyroid surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective study of 63 consecutive patients with biochemical ...

BACKGROUND: Diagnostic imaging provides useful anatomical and morphological information of cervico-mediastinal goiters. The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) with multiplanar reformatting and volume rendering reconstructions for the preoperative evaluation of retrosternal goiters in patients for whom magnetic resonance imaging is contraindicated. ...

Nodular goitres are enlargements of the thyroid gland. In the absence of thyroid dysfunction, autoimmune thyroid disease, thyroiditis and thyroid malignancy, they constitute an entity described as non-toxic nodular goitre, which occurs both endemically and sporadically. In the early phase of goitrogenesis, goitres are diffuse and, with time, such goitres ...

Brain atrophy and cognitive dysfunction are neurodegenerative features of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). We used a candidate gene approach to address whether genetic variants implicated in susceptibility to late onset Alzheimer's Disease (AD) influence brain volume and cognition in MS patients. MS subjects were genotyped for five single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) ...

The management protocol for differentiated thyroid cancer includes whole body iodine-131 imaging, to detect residual thyroid tissue and distant metastasis, after thyroidectomy. However, the diagnostic dose of radioiodine may fail to detect the non-functioning or poorly functioning metastasis. We present a case where hybrid single photon-emission computed tomographic and computed ...

Beginning in the 1960s many studies have been performed to investigate the mechanical properties of brain. In this paper we point out the difficulties linked with in vitro experimental protocols as well as the advantages of using recently developed non-invasive in vivo techniques, such as magnetic resonance elastography. Results of ...

Advanced imaging techniques, including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI), and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can provide more information than that regarding anatomy. These techniques have been commonly used in the clinical field and recently been shown useful in diagnosing brain tumors, especially in cases difficult to specify using ...

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to compare the prevalence of submandibular gland neoplasia in an Asian population with a Western population and to evaluate the accuracy of fi ne needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and computed tomography (CT) scan in the study of submandibular gland pathologies. MATERIALS AND METHODS:We ...

When correlating brain areas with behavioral and environmental characteristics, a variety of techniques are employed. In fishes (elasmobranchs and teleosts), 2 methods, histology and the idealized ellipsoid and/or half-ellipsoid technique, are primarily used to calculate the volume of a brain area and therefore its relationship to social or ecological complexity. ...

Radiology has attracted the world of art with the esthetic value of its images, and as a new medium for the artistic expression. In order to investigate the links between neuroradiology and art, we examined 12,763 artworks presented in corresponding publications and in Google images on the Internet. The selected ...

The purpose was to evaluate and correct the co-registration of diagnostic PET/CTand MRI/MRI images for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) using 3D volumetric image registration (3DVIR). The 3DVIR utilizes the homogeneity of color dis-tribution over a volumetric anatomical landmark as the registration criterion with submillimeter accuracy. Fifty-three PET/CT and MRI (T1, T2 ...

A 25-year-old man presented with an intraorbital encephalocele manifesting as progressive left pulsatile exophthalmos. He had a history of frontal lobe contusion from a motorbike accident 10 years before the onset of the symptom. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed an oval-shaped defect in the left orbital roof with ...

The default mode network is a group of brain regions that are active when an individual is not focused on the outside world and the brain is at "wakeful rest."(1,2,3) It is thought the default mode network corresponds to self-referential or "internal mentation".(2,3) It has been hypothesized that, in humans, ...

Magnetic resonance imaging has been used in the diagnosis of human prion diseases such as sCJD and vCJD, but patients are scanned only when clinical signs appear, often at the late stage of disease. This study attempts to answer the questions "Could MRI detect prion diseases before clinical symptoms appear?, ...

Proton Magnetic Resonance (MR) Spectroscopy (MRS) is a widely available technique for those clinical centres equipped with MR scanners. Unlike the rest of MR-based techniques, MRS yields not images but spectra of metabolites in the tissues. In pathological situations, the MRS profile changes and this has been particularly described for ...

Nanomedications can be carried by blood borne monocyte-macrophages into the reticuloendothelial system (RES; spleen, liver, lymph nodes) and to end organs. The latter include the lung, RES, and brain and are operative during human immunodeficiency virus type one (HIV-1) infection. Macrophage entry into tissues is notable in areas of active ...

The development of imaging methodologies for detecting blood-brain-barrier (BBB) disruption may help predict stroke patient's propensity to develop hemorrhagic complications following reperfusion. We have developed a delayed contrast extravasation MRI-based methodology enabling real-time depiction of subtle BBB abnormalities in humans with high sensitivity to BBB disruption and high spatial resolution. ...

Diagnostic imaging is a valuable device in clinical management of poisoned patients presenting to emergency units in a comatose state. Some toxic agents have adverse effects on the central nervous system (CNS). Non-contrast computed tomography (CT) of the brain, as an available diagnostic method with a high resolution, can provide ...

The differential diagnosis of altered mental status and behavioral change is very extensive. Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis is a rare cause of cognitive impairment, which should be considered in the differential diagnosis. A 64-year-old British Caucasian woman presented to our hospital with a 12-week history of confusion and short-term memory loss. ...

Mantle cell lymphoma is a rare non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. It is a subtype of B-cell lymphoma with frequent involvement of the bone marrow and the gastrointestinal tract. Isolated parotid gland involvement seldom occurs. Here we report an unusual case of isolated infiltration of the parotid gland by mantle cell lymphoma. The ...

Papillary cystadenocarcinoma is an extremely rare malignant tumor of the salivary glands. Major locations of this neoplasm are the parotid gland, sublingual gland, and minor salivary glands, while occurrence in the submandibular gland is extremely rare. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of this lesion have not been reported in the ...

The enhanced absorption of X-rays in calcified structures is a basic prerequisite for performing conventional bone radiography. On the other hand, nothing has been reported on possible absorption effects of 'calcifications' as frequent findings in thyroid nodules or in the sternal bone / sternoclavicular joints. This may be caused by ...

In patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT), positive preoperative localization studies enable to perform a minimally invasive approach for parathyroid surgery. However, current imaging techniques are not always successful. We therefore conducted a study to determine the sensitivity of C-11 methionine positron emission tomography/computed tomography (Met-PET/CT) in localizing parathyroid adenomas in ...

BACKGROUND: It has been proposed that the increasing incidence of thyroid cancer is due to increasing detection. METHODS: Using administrative data, we compare by year from 1993 to 2006, the rates of diagnostic imaging tests of the neck (computed axial tomography--CT, magnetic resonance imaging--MRI, and non-obstetrical ultrasound--US) to the incidence ...

Metabolic diseases of the brain are a rare occurrence. They may be either occurring as inherited diseases causing a destruction of myelin, or they may be the result of toxicity. Neuroimaging, especially magnetic resonance imaging, plays an important role in the detection and classification of these rare diseases. Magnetic resonance ...

Magnetic resonance imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of cerebrovascular diseases. In addition to stroke, it can also demonstrate changes apparent in the white matter such as leukoaraiosis. These as well as other changes occurring with increasing age can be visualized. Among others, there is an ...

Congenital absence of the parotid gland is a rare entity. Absence is most commonly unilateral, and is not associated with accessory glandular tissue. In the majority of reported cases, parotid gland aplasia is seen with craniofacial abnormalities or hypoplasia of other ectodermal structures, particularly the lacrimal glands. We present a ...

To noninvasively assess the shear stiffness of the thyroid gland in vivo in order to determine whether magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) might hold clinical utility in the diagnosis of thyroid disease. Quantitative parametric images of thyroid stiffness in normal volunteers and patients were produced and quantitative stiffness values measured. Average ...

PURPOSE: To elucidate the radiation-induced damage to the microstructure of the parotid gland using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS AND MATERIALS: High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of the parotid gland was performed before radiotherapy (RT) and during the RT period or < or =3 weeks after RT completion for 12 head-and-neck ...

Technical advances have facilitated the exploration of factors related to geriatric depression and have helped generate novel biological and psychosocial treatment approaches. This review summarizes the main advancements in epidemiology, clinical presentation and course, genetics, and other areas of biological research. Treatment interventions outlined in this paper include electroconvulsive therapy, ...

OBJECTIVE: We assessed the performance of 37 MBq I-123 as a diagnostic imaging agent in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer using comparisons with their corresponding high-dose post-treatment I-131 scans. METHODS: We reviewed diagnostic I-123 whole-body scans and post-treatment I-131 scans of 69 patients who underwent I-131 therapy for differentiated thyroid ...

PURPOSE: To assess thyroid perfusion in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases compared with that in healthy control subjects by using an arterial spin-labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance (MR) technique and to assess whether thyroid perfusion is associated with endocrine laboratory abnormalities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was approved by the local ...

The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy and reliability of thyroid volumetry using spiral CT and to investigate thyroid volumes for a healthy, non-iodine-deficient adult population in southwestern region of China. Spiral CT was performed in phantoms and adult subjects with normal thyroid, and the volumes were ...

A 38-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with epigastric pain, and he was confirmed to have acute exudative pancreatitis. After the episode of acute pancreatitis subsided, laboratory investigation revealed increased serum calcium (12.0 mg/dl), decreased serum phosphorus (2.7 mg/dl), and increased serum parathyroid hormone (intact) levels (131 pg/ml). A ...

Tuberculosis involving the thyroid gland is a rare occurrence. We report a case of cytologically-diagnosed thyroid gland tuberculosis in a 21-year-old man who presented with thyroid swelling of short duration, and describe the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging appearances of the lesion, which to our knowledge, has not been previously described. ...

The present guidelines were issued by the Parathyroid Task Group of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine. The main focus was imaging of primary hyperparathyroidism. Dual-tracer and single-tracer parathyroid scintigraphy protocols were discussed as well as the various modalities of image acquisition. Primary hyperparathyroidism is an endocrine disorder with high ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this series is to report 3 cases of follicular thyroid carcinoma with an eggshell calcification along with their imaging findings. METHODS: Imaging findings on gray scale and power Doppler (PD) sonography (n = 3), computed tomography (CT; n = 3), and integrated fluorodeoxyglucose F 18 ((18)F-FDG) ...

Acute suppurative thyroiditis is an uncommon disorder, which has been associated with pre-existing thyroid disease, especially a multinodular goiter. We describe a case of a woman who presented clinically with an acute inflammatory condition of the neck. On CT examination, she had a triad of a multinodular goiter, a unilateral ...

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is rare derived from C cells of the thyroid gland and represents approximately 5% of all thyroid carcinomas. We report a case of a 74 years old male with MTC, diagnosed in 2002 and treated with total thyroidectomy and lymphadenectomy. A metastatic lesion was diagnosed on ...

We present the case of an elderly woman with a painless giant tumor of the neck. Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a cyst-like lesion that appeared to arise from the parotid gland. The tumor was removed in toto and histopathologically diagnosed as an epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma. Such rare carcinomas should be considered ...

BACKGROUND: Recent data suggest that increased somatostatin receptor (SSTR) expression is detectable in several thyroid diseases. This raises the question as to the specificity and pathophysiologic relevance of these findings. Therefore, we systematically evaluated Indium-111 (In-111) pentetreotide scintigraphies and Gallium-68 (Ga-68) DOTA-Phe(1)-Tyr(3)-Octreotide (DOTATOC) positron emission tomography (PET) scans for thyroid ...

Assaying calcitonin (CT) in the wash-out fluid from fine-needle aspiration biopsies (CT-FNAB) could be useful in the diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). The aim of this study was to correlate serum CT with cytology and CT-FNAB. Twenty-seven subjects (age range 27-75 yr) were studied. FNAB was performed in a ...

A variety of lesions occur in the pediatric salivary glands. With modern imaging techniques such as Doppler sonography, helical CT, and MRI, identification of a specific etiology is often possible. Knowledge of clinical information, normal anatomy, and imaging characteristics of salivary gland pathology are essential for appropriate radiologic evaluation. This ...

A comprehensive neuropsychological/psychiatric, MR imaging, (MRI), MR spectroscopy (MRS), and functional MRI (fMRI) assessment was administered to children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) to determine if global and/or focal abnormalities could be identified, and distinguish diagnostic subclassifications across the spectrum. The four study groups included: 1. FAS/Partial FAS; 2. ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the utility of radiologist-performed sonography as the principal modality for parathyroid localization before minimally invasive parathyroidectomy. METHODS: Both sonography and technetium Tc 99m sestamibi single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) are commonly performed during imaging evaluation of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (HPTH). ...

Given the well-recognized association of radiation and thyroid cancer, the objective of this study was to assess the frequency of radiation overlap at the level of the thyroid gland as part of standard protocols for computed tomography (CT) assessment of trauma, incorporating both cervical spine and chest images. A survey ...

&lt;p&gt;A 48-year-old woman undergoing surgery could not be intubated because of an oropharyngeal mass. CT and MRI revealed a 3 cm possible lingual thyroid mass, confirmed by Iodine-123 SPECT/CT. The patient underwent successful Iodine-131 ablation and has done well on thyroid hormone-replacement therapy. This case also demonstrates how modern cross-sectional ...

A 43-year-old multiparous woman with a history of pelvic endometriosis and myocardial infarction presented with acute onset of right hemithorax pain and dyspnoea coinciding with dysmenorrhoeic menstruation. A chest CT confirmed the presence of a right hydropneumothorax which was drained. A video-assisted thoracoscopy was unremarkable but at a subsequent menses, ...

The brain, like any living tissue, is constantly changing in response to genetic and environmental cues and their interaction, leading to changes in brain function and structure, many of which are now in reach of neuroimaging techniques. Computational morphometry on the basis of Magnetic Resonance (MR) images has become the ...