A 37-year-old woman experienced a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Subsequent to the seizure, the patient observed left-sided face and neck pain. A left Horner syndrome was noted on examination. An MRI and magnetic resonance angiogram revealed a left skull base carotid artery dissection without infarction (figure, A and B). Previous MRI ...

BACKGROUND:: Surgery is an important therapeutic option in patients with medically refractory epilepsy. The combination of an extratemporal epileptic focus and non-lesional MRI was often believed to portend a poor outcome. OBJECTIVE:: To investigate the outcome and analyze potential prognostic predictors in patients without lesions on MRI who underwent extratemporal ...

Migrating partial seizures of infancy, also known as epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures, is a rare early infantile epileptic encephalopathy with poor prognosis, presenting with focal seizures in the first year of life. A national surveillance study was undertaken in conjunction with the British Paediatric Neurology Surveillance Unit ...

BACKGROUND: Complex febrile seizures (CFSs) are a common diagnosis in the pediatric emergency department (PED). Although multiple studies have shown a low likelihood of intracranial infections and abnormal neuroimaging findings among those who present with CFS, the absence of a consensus recommendation and the diversity of CFS presentations (ie, multiple ...

The present study tested a hypothesis that early identification of injury severity with quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides biomarkers for predicting increased seizure susceptibility and epileptogenesis after traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI was induced by lateral fluid-percussion injury in adult rats. Quantitative T2, T1ρ, and diffusion were assessed with ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the electrographic seizure burden in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) treated with or without therapeutic hypothermia and stratified results by severity of HIE and severity of injury as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). STUDY DESIGN: Between 2007 and 2011, video-electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring was initiated in ...

The authors present the rare case of complete image-defined resolution of a hypothalamic hamartoma (HH) following Gamma Knife surgery (GKS). A 9-month-old girl presented with an episode of generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a left-sided HH, which remained radiologically stable. By 3 years of age the patient had ...

Hyperbaric oxygen-induced seizures are classified as generalized, tonic-clonic seizures. They are believed to cause no residual neurologic damage, although this has not been investigated in depth. We used different MRI sequences to determine whether hyperbaric oxygen-induced seizures in mice caused brain structural changes. Experimental animals were exposed to a pressure ...

A rare syndrome, Dyke-Davidoff-Masson Syndrome (DDMS), with a diagnostic conundrum, and the way it was solved is presented. A 13-yearold boy presented with recurrent seizures for the past 10 years. He had been treated with anticonvulsant medication which was satisfactory at first but later the seizures recurred. Recently, the frequency ...

SUMMARY:Failure to detect FCD and similar lesions encountered in patients with tuberous sclerosis can have significant clinical consequences, such as preventing surgical intervention for medically refractory epilepsy and misguiding prognostic information regarding cognitive development. Here, we show the beneficial effects on detection of FCD and cortical tubers when using a ...

To estimate the prevalence of abnormal neuroimaging in children presenting to the emergency department (ED) with a new-onset seizure, and to identify the significant clinical predictors for an abnormal CT scan. In this cross-sectional study, all children age 12 or younger, admitted to the ED at King Abdulaziz Medical City ...

Dorsolateral frontal lobe seizures often present as a diagnostic challenge. The diverse semiologies may not produce lateralizing or localizing signs and can appear bizarre and suggest psychogenic events. Unfortunately, scalp electroencephalographic (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are often unsatisfactory. It is not uncommon that these traditional diagnostic studies are ...

: Orbitofrontal and insular epilepsy are difficult to recognize because clinical presentations are variable and surgical approaches remain difficult. : Literature review and review of our own case series including selected cases regarding the clinical manifestation and diagnostic utility of diagnostic tests in orbitofrontal and insular epilepsy. : Orbitofrontal epilepsy ...

The occurrence of epilepsy is higher among elderly patients. The clinical manifestations of seizures, causes of epilepsy, and choice of anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are different in elderly people with epilepsy compared to the young. To evaluate the imaging (CT/MRI) observations in elderly patients manifesting with new-onset seizures. Two hundred and ...

Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are common: their asymptomatic prevalence on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is 1 in 625 and 1 in 2,000, respectively. The risk of epileptic seizure(s) for people with AVMs and CCMs affects their domestic, social, and professional lives, and may influence their ...

ABSTRACT: A 69-year-old man with a lung mass underwent multiple-time-point FDG PET/CT imaging for diagnostic evaluation. The initial PET imaging (performed at 1 hour after tracer injection) revealed equivocal bone marrow uptake in the right iliac bone and proximal femurs in addition to lung and mediastinal lesions. The 3-hour delayed ...

Seizures may frequently occur during tuberculous meningitis. We describe a patient with an apparent generalised tonic-clonic seizure, initially not associated with any magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormality, which was the presenting symptom of tuberculous meningitis. Follow-up MRI, performed after gadolinium administration, showed signs of meningeal involvement. Seizures may be the ...

SUMMARY AT A GLANCE: We report regional pulmonary functional and micro-structural (3) He magnetic resonance imaging measurements in asthmatic and healthy volunteers before, during and after a methacholine challenge (MCh). Post-MCh, we observed regional alterations in surrogate measurements of bronchoconstriction ((3) He MRI VDP) and gas trapping (ADC). ABSTRACT: Background ...

To study regional lung function by standard CT and characterize regional variations of density and specific gas volume (SVg) between different lung volumes, we studied 10 healthy and 10 severe emphysematous subjects. Correspondent CT images taken at high and low lung volumes were registered by optical flow to obtain 2-D ...

MRI of hyperpolarized (129) Xe dissolved in pulmonary tissues, and blood has the potential to offer a new tool for regional evaluation of pulmonary gas exchange and perfusion; however, the extremely short T 2* and low magnetization density make it difficult to acquire the image. In this study, an ultrashort echo-time ...

PURPOSE: To propose a new method to estimate lung mean dose (LMD) using technetium-99m labeled macroaggregated albumin ((99m)Tc-MAA) single photon emission CT (SPECT)/CT for (90)Yttrium radioembolization of liver tumors and to compare the LMD estimated using SPECT/CT with clinical estimates of LMD using planar gamma scintigraphy (PS). METHODS AND MATERIALS: ...

OBJECTIVES: Rubber dams increase the quality and safety of dental treatment. However, the condition of a rubber dam over an open mouth may also obstruct the route for respiration. We tested whether an open mouth with or without a rubber dam would affect upper airway patency and breathing pattern. MATERIALS ...

Automated lung volume segmentation is often a preprocessing step in quantitative lung computed tomography (CT) image analysis. The objective of this study is to identify the obstacles in computerized lung volume segmentation and illustrate those explicitly using real examples. Awareness of these "difficult" cases may be helpful for the development ...

Colonic wall redundancy (CWR) is a condition often seen in adult cystic fibrosis patients, but the imaging features of this condition are poorly described in the literature. Recognizing the radiological presentation of CWR is important because this condition can be confused with acute or acquired colonic diseases that can require ...

ABSTRACT: Pulmonary mucormycosis is a life-threatening opportunistic mycosis that is difficult to diagnose early. We report the case of a 56-year-old woman who complained of intermittent fever in the afternoon and productive cough and pain on the right side of the chest. Her clinical condition deteriorated despite antibiotherapy. FDG PET/CT ...

The purpose of our study was to assess the normal range of CT measures of emphysema and air trapping in young men with normal lung function. A cohort of 70 young men with high-normal spirometry and body plethysmography underwent paired inspiratory and expiratory CT. Visual and quantitative scores of emphysema ...

Wide-detector CT allows simultaneous imaging of the entire airway and lungs in small children. Images acquired in multiple phases by continuous scanning during respiration are viewed dynamically, allowing more complete airway and pulmonary evaluation than possible with static protocols. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether low-dose techniques ...

PURPOSE: To demonstrate a proof of concept that quantitative texture feature analysis of double contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can classify fibrosis noninvasively, using histology as a reference standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)-compliant Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved retrospective study of 68 patients with ...

The regional pattern and extent of airway closure measured by three-dimensional ventilation imaging may relate to airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and peripheral airways disease in asthmatic subjects. We hypothesized that asthmatic airways are predisposed to closure during bronchoconstriction in the presence of ventilation heterogeneity and AHR. Fourteen asthmatic subjects (6 women) ...

Purpose:To determine if fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomographic (PET)/computed tomographic (CT) imaging can depict a treatment effect from intravenous antibiotics for pulmonary exacerbation in cystic fibrosis (CF).Materials and Methods:The study was approved by the institutional review board of the Hospital for Sick Children and by Health Canada. Consent ...

A 33-year-old woman underwent a right-sided pneumonectomy in 1995 for treatment of a lung adenocarcinoma. As expected, there was an abrupt decrease in her vital capacity, but unexpectedly, it increased during the subsequent 15 years. Serial computed tomographic (CT) scans showed progressive enlargement of the remaining left lung and an ...

Imaging holds a prominent position in the assessment of sarcoidosis diagnosis and outcome, which is extremely variable. The chest radiography staging helps predict the probability of spontaneous remission and stage IV is associated with higher mortality. However, the reproducibility of reading is poor and changes in radiography and lung function ...

We present an adult case of segmental multicystic dysplastic kidney (SMCDK). The patient had a 10 × 6 cm oval-shaped mass consisting of a solid and multilocular cystic component at the right upper renal sinus. The solid component showed gradual and mild enhancement on dual-phase enhanced CT. Excretory-phase CT demonstrated the excretion of ...

Sonographic scan revealed a homogenously hyperechogenic lesion in the right fetal lung with microcystic pattern by a primigravid women at 22nd weeks of gestation. A large congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) was suspected with a lesion-to-lung ratio over 90%. The microcystic image of this thoracic anomaly was moderately visible on ...

SUMMARY AT GLANCE: The impact on pulmonary function and health status of diaphragm shortening and reduced lung volume adjacent to the diaphragm was investigated in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Reduced lung volume at the diaphragm correlated with lung hyperinflation and impaired health status, independent of emphysema severity. ABSTRACT: ...

A case of 18F-FDG PET in pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis with bilateral reticulonodular opacities in the middle and lower zones on routine chest roentgenogram and calcification in the peribronchovascular interstitium,peribronchovascular and subpleural intralobular septal regions, and visceral pleura on high-resolution chest CT is presented. 18F-fluoride PET demonstrated intense tracer uptake in ...

Fetal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging plays a number of roles in the evaluation and management of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Fetal MR imaging has proved valuable for anatomic assessment, determination of the specific type of CDH on the basis of which organs are involved and the effect of the hernia ...

Purpose: Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is the primary dose-limiting toxicity for radiation therapy of the lung, and although the effects of radiation dose on RILI development have been well characterized, the influence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on the development of RILI and other outcomes is not well understood. ...

Dynamic imaging methods such as four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) and static imaging methods such as noble gas magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) deliver direct and regional measurements of lung function even in lung cancer patients in whom global lung function measurements are dominated by tumour burden. The purpose of this study ...

PURPOSE: The authors sought to determine magnetic resonance/magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MR/MRCP) imaging features of incidentally discovered benign, noncommunicating cystic neoplasms (BNCNs) of the pancreas to assess their evolution over time and identify MR/MRCP imaging features predictive of tumour growth. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study, so informed consent ...

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the dynamic changes in airways in response to methacholine and salbutamol inhalation and to correlate the xenon ventilation index on xenon-enhanced chest CTs in asthmatics. METHODS: Thirty-one non-smokers (6 normal, 25 asthmatics) underwent xenon-enhanced chest CT and pulmonary function tests. Images were obtained at three stages (basal ...

The regional distribution of inflammation during acute lung injury (ALI) is not well known. In an ovine ALI model we studied regional alveolar inflammation, surfactant composition, and CT-derived regional specific volume change (sVol) and specific compliance (sC). 18 ventilated adult sheep received IV lipopolysaccharide (LPS) until severe ALI was achieved. ...

PURPOSE: We prospectively evaluated changes in morphology and dynamics of the male pelvic floor on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) associated with retrourethral transobturator sling (RTS) placement. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-six men with post-prostatectomy incontinence consecutively underwent functional cine-MRI before and 12 months after RTS. The membranous urethra length (MUL) and severity ...

OBJECTIVES: To determine the correlation between CT measurements of emphysema or peripheral airways and airflow obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS: PubMed, Embase and Web of Knowledge were searched from 1976 to 2011. Two reviewers independently screened 1,763 citations to identify articles that correlated CT measurements to airflow ...

OBJECTIVES: To determine the variation in quantitative computed tomography (CT) measures of air trapping in low-dose chest CTs of heavy smokers. METHODS: We analysed 45 subjects from a lung cancer screening trial, examined by CT twice within 3 months. Inspiratory and expiratory low-dose CT was obtained using breath hold instructions. CT ...

Proton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has recently emerged as a clinical tool to image the lungs. This paper outlines the current technical aspects of MRI pulse sequences, radiofrequency (RF) coils and MRI system requirements needed for imaging the pulmonary parenchyma and vasculature. Lung MRI techniques are presented as a "technical ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging of the lung following congenital diaphragmatic hernia repair is feasible at 3.0 T in 2-year-old children and whether associated lung hypoplasia (reflected in reduced pulmonary microcirculation) can be demonstrated in MRI. METHODS: Twelve children with a mean age 2.0 ± 0.2 years after hernia repair underwent ...

Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is a MR imaging method capable of spatially resolving the intrinsic mechanical properties of normal lung parenchyma. We tested the hypothesis that the mechanical properties of edematous lung exhibit local properties similar to those of a fluid-filled lung at transpulmonary pressures (P(tp)) up to 25 cm ...

Purpose: To evaluate a simple, semi-automated lung mass estimation method on CT scans from a variety of acquisition techniques for mass correction of MIRD dose estimates. Methods: CT scans from ten patients undergoing stereotactic body radiation therapy treatment planning on a GE DST PET/CT scanner were analyzed retrospectively. For each ...

ABSTRACT: We report a case of a 57-year-old woman with lung adenocarcinoma, who presented with right knee pain, swelling, and erythema. The initial [18F]-2-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) scan performed for staging purposes showed a right patellar metastasis, subsequently confirmed by pathology. After administration of systemic chemotherapy supplemented ...