Emphysema distribution is associated with COPD. It is however unknown whether CT-quantified emphysema distribution (upper/lower lobe) is associated with lung function decline in heavy (former) smokers.587 male participants underwent lung CT-scanning and pulmonary function testing at baseline and after a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 2.9 (2.8-3.0) years. The lungs ...

PURPOSE: To determine cellular viability of lung parenchyma and neoplastic cells in areas of ground-glass opacity (GGO) on computed tomography (CT) images immediately after pulmonary radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in rabbits. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A LeVeen RFA electrode was placed percutaneously into rabbit lungs with or without metastatic VX2 tumors. Five ...

The placenta functions to nourish and protect the fetus. Imaging of the placenta can have a profound impact on patient management, owing to the morbidity and mortality associated with various placental conditions. To fully appreciate placental pathology, its physiology, anatomy, and variant anatomy will be outlined. Placental conditions affecting the ...

Knowledge about lung movement in health and disease is sparse. Current evaluation methods, such as CT, MRI and external view have significant limitations. To study respiratory movement for image guided tumour diagnostics and respiratory physiology, we needed a method that overcomes these limitations. We fitted balloon catheters with electromagnetic sensors, ...

BACKGROUND: Changes in lung density on computed tomography (CT) are common after stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) and can confound the early detection of recurrence. We performed a systematic review to describe post-SABR findings on computed tomography (CT) and positron-emission tomography (PET), identify imaging characteristics that predict recurrence and propose a ...

In this study, the signal-to-noise ratio of hyperpolarized (129) Xe human lung magnetic resonance imaging was compared at 1.5 T and 3 T. Experiments were performed at both B(0) fields with quadrature double Helmholtz transmit-receive chest coils of the same geometry with the same subject loads. Differences in sensitivity between ...

BackgroundAlthough CT is the modality of choice for morphological lung imaging, an increasing proportion of chest imaging is performed by MRI due to the utilization of whole-body MRI. Therefore, the diagnostic performance of MRI in reliably detecting pulmonary lesions should be established.PurposeTo investigate the detection rate of pulmonary lesions by ...

PURPOSE: This study investigates whether positron emission tomography (PET) can be used to monitor the inflammatory response and its correlation with the later fibroproliferative phase in an experimental model of acute lung injury. METHODS: Hydrochloric acid (0.1 N, pH 1, 1.5 ml/kg) was instilled into the right bronchus of mice. A group ...

A meta-analysis was performed to assess and compare the accuracies of magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for the staging of hepatic fibrosis. Online journal databases and a manual search from January 2000 to May 2011 were used. We identified 41 studies, but only 14 met the criteria ...

Collapse of a lobe of a lung is an important indicator of a range of conditions, including malignancy. Clinical symptoms and signs may suggest a diagnosis of lobar collapse; however, it is often diagnosed, and always needs to be confirmed, with radiological examination. The radiological signs may be subtle, difficult ...

Advances in multidetector technology have made dual-energy computed tomography (CT) imaging possible. Dual-energy CT imaging enables tissue characterization in addition to morphologic evaluation of imaged regions. This article reviews current and potential CT technology, technical and workflow considerations when performing dual-energy CT, and clinical applications in the thorax, with an ...

Computed tomography (CT) is a clinical tool widely used to assess and followup asthma and chonic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in humans. Strong efforts have been made the last decade to improve this technique as a quantitative research tool. Using semiautomatic softwares, quantification of airway wall thickness, lumen area, and ...

A novel intrinsically decoupled transmit and receive radio-frequency coil element is presented for applications in parallel imaging and parallel excitation techniques in high-field magnetic resonance imaging. Decoupling is achieved by a twofold strategy: during transmission elements are driven by current sources, while during signal reception resonant elements are switched to ...

A 70-year-old male visited urgent care due to coughing for 1 month and left chest pain. He had no history of trauma. The initial chest computed tomography (CT) showed the 7th left intercostal lung herniation. A follow-up CT showed an intercostal lung herniation combined with a bowl herniation, which had ...

Tracer kinetic methods employed for quantitative analysis of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) share common roots with earlier tracer studies involving arterial-venous sampling and other dynamic imaging modalities. This article reviews the essential foundation concepts and principles in tracer kinetics that are relevant to DCE MRI, including the ...

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the ability of SNOMED CT (Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms) to represent the concepts of the ICNP version 1 - the seven-axis model. Methods: The first author mapped 1658 concepts of the ICNP version 1 to SNOMED CT using CLUE ...

: To study the behavior of hypoattenuating liver lesions, deemed too small to characterize at baseline scanning with multidetector computed tomography (CT), in patients with rectal cancer. : Retrospective review of locally advanced rectal cancer patients from a radiation oncology therapy database was conducted. Patients who presented before neoadjuvant chemoradiation ...

Radiofrequency ablation is an effective minimally invasive treatment for tumors. One primary source of difficulty is monitoring and controlling the ablation region. Currently, RF ablation is performed at 460 kHz, for which MRI could play a role given its capability for temperature monitoring and tumor visualization. If instead the ablation ...

A theoretical concept of local manipulation of magnetic domain walls is introduced. In the proposed procedure, a domain wall is driven by a spin-polarized current induced by a magnetic tip, as used in a scanning tunneling microscope, placed above a magnetic nanostripe and then moved along its long axis with ...

Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) was originally proposed in 1988 based on five cases of dementia presenting characteristic clinical symptoms. The concept of PCA is still not generally accepted. Herein, we present a case of a presenile female with PCA. A 57-year-old woman was brought to the hospital by her older ...

The first dual activatable hypochlorite ((-)OCl)-sensing probe was developed, based on a new proof-of-concept design involving signal-activatable (1)H chemical probes using the triple-resonance NMR technique. The probe enabled fluorescence-(1)H MR dual turn-on detection of (-)OCl in solution and in crude tissue extracts.

Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging is a relatively new magnetic resonance imaging contrast approach in which exogenous or endogenous compounds containing either exchangeable protons or exchangeable molecules are selectively saturated and after transfer of this saturation, detected indirectly through the water signal with enhanced sensitivity. The focus of this ...

To present unique CT imaging findings of the liver in Wilson's disease. Thirteen consecutive subjects with clinically and/or pathologically proven Wilson's disease underwent abdominal Computer Tomography examination. Hyperdense nodules and a honeycomb appearance were observed on unenhanced CT in 92.31 and 58.33% of our patients, respectively. Wilson's disease involving the ...

Hyperpolarization is a technique to enhance the nuclear polarization and thereby increase the available signal in magnetic resonance (MR). This chapter provides an introduction to the concept of hyperpolarization as well as an overview of dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) and para-hydrogen induced polarization (PHIP), two methods used to generate hyperpolarized ...

New developments in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are being achieved in two fields: methodological and technological innovations. This chapter will focus on the technological aspects of scanners, explain concepts, and give hints on how to deal with hardware-related issues. First, magnets used in MRI and gradient units will be introduced. ...

This chapter gives a short introduction to the physical and technical basics of nuclear magnetic resonance. It describes the formation of the NMR signal from the generation of the magnetization to the detection in the spectrometer. The behaviour of nuclear spins in a magnetic field is shown based on classical ...

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a "signature" injury of the current wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Structured electronic data regarding TBI findings is important for research, population health and other secondary uses but requires appropriate underlying standard terminologies to ensure interoperability and reuse. Currently the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs ...

This study aimed to assess the imaging appearances of focal liver reactions following stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to examine relationships between imaging appearance and baseline liver function. We retrospectively studied 50 lesions in 47 patients treated with SBRT (30-40 Gy in 5 fractions) for ...

The purpose of this study was to standardize therapy monitoring of hepatic metastases from gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) during the course of somatostatin receptor radionuclide therapy (SRRT). In 21 consecutive patients with nonresectable hepatic metastases of GEP-NETs, chromogranin A (CgA) and 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT were compared before and after the last ...

Predicting liver functional reserve is important before partial hepatectomy. However, it is difficult to predict using morphologic imaging modalities, such as CT and MRI. In this study, we assess the usefulness of galactosyl human serum albumin (GSA) scintigraphy in predicting liver function recovery. We performed 99mTc-GSA scintigraphy before operation in ...

The purpose of this study was to assess the concomitant use of contrast-enhanced intraoperative ultrasound (CE-IOUS) using the new microbubble agent Sonazoid, and to assess the fluorescence navigation system (Photo Dynamic Eye, or PDE) using indocyanine green (ICG) as a novel tool for identifying colorectal metastatic lesions compared with preoperative ...

Focal, segmental, and diffuse liver pathologies have been described in the literature. This article describes a pattern in which liver pathology is confined to a lobe. This lobar pattern has not been described previously to our knowledge. Herein, we illustrate computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the computed tomography (CT)-imaging potential of iopromide-carrying liposomes (SPC/CH/SPG, 6:3:1) of approximately 200 nm in diameter in healthy rabbits and in rabbits with implanted liver tumors in an intraindividual comparison with iopromide. Normal rabbits and animals with VX2 tumors implanted into the liver ...

To determine the optimal 64-multidetector-row computed tomography scan delay from bolus-tracking trigger for the arterial phase and the evaluation of vascularization in healthy liver. One hundred twenty patients are randomized into 3 groups according to scan delay (5-, 10-, 15-second arterial phase) and underwent CT of the liver. Images were ...

To characterize changes in diffusion properties of liver using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in an experimental model of liver fibrosis. Liver fibrosis was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 12) by repetitive dosing of carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)). The animals were examined with a respiratory-gated single-shot spin-echo echo-planar DTI protocol at ...

Usefulness of abdominal ultrasonography for quantitative estimation of fatty liver by measurement of para- and perirenal sonographic fat thickness (UFT) was investigated. Study subjects were 286 patients hospitalized for the treatment of diabetes. These subjects underwent blood chemistry studies, abdominal ultrasonography, and CT. On sonography, the thickness of combined para- ...

To determine whether there is a correlation between liver MR findings and the clinical manifestations and severity of liver dysfunction in patients with Wilson's disease. Two radiologists retrospectively evaluated MR images of the liver in 50 patients with Wilson's disease. The Institutional Review Board approved this retrospective study and informed ...

For patients receiving liver stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), abdominal compression can reduce organ motion, and daily image guidance can reduce setup error. The reproducibility of liver shape under compression may impact treatment delivery accuracy. The purpose of this study was to measure the interfractional variability in liver shape under compression, ...

Pediatric nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is rare and usually poorly differentiated. We report a 14-year-old boy with NPC with metastases to liver, spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow. The liver metastases closely resembled benign cystic liver disease on imaging; however, they showed intense uptake similar to other metastatic sites on positron ...

To demonstrate feasibility of functional MRI of liver using glucose as a stimulus to monitor metabolic changes using blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) contrast. We hypothesized that during hyperglycemia, liver stores the glucose and consequently there is a reduction in oxygen consumption, which can be detected using BOLD MRI. In ...

Neoplastic and nonneoplastic diseases may involve the liver with a regional distribution, which is defined as a non-focal process without any specific anatomic predilection. In this pictorial essay we review hepatic diseases commonly presenting with a regional distribution in the liver and describe the CT and MR imaging findings helpful ...

After extended liver resection, a remnant liver that is too small can lead to postresection liver failure. To reduce this risk, preoperative evaluation of the future liver remnant volume (FLRV) is critical. The open-source OsiriX PAC software system can be downloaded for free and used by nonradiologists to calculate liver ...

In this study, the time-dependent changes on dynamic computed tomograph (CT) of radiation-induced liver injury in gastric cancer patients was examined. The CT images of 52 gastric cancer patients who had received chemoradiotherapies were reviewed on the PACS system. Dynamic CT scan was performed in all the subjects. Our results ...

It was unclear whether systemically administered mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) labeled with magnetic nanoparticles can transdifferentiate into hepatocytes. In the present study, we built a new in vivo murine model for monitoring the transdifferentiation of magnetically labeled green fluorescent protein (GFP) positive MSCs into albumin-positive hepatocytes, under the carbon tetrachloride ...

The aim of this study was to estimate inter-rater reliability and validate magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) as a tool to measure liver elasticity. The study protocol was approved by the institutional review board at our institution. In all, 10 normal volunteers and 110 patients, who provided written informed consent, were ...

The purpose of this study was to assess the difference in the activity of biliary and renal excretion between normal and cirrhotic livers on contrast-enhanced MR imaging obtained with gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA). A total of 78 patients with cirrhotic liver (n=44) and with normal liver (n=34) underwent multi-phase ...

To determine whether diffusion-weighted echo-planar MR images are sensitive to liver perfusion difference. Noncirrhotic livers of 71 patients (43 males, 28 females; age range, 22-87 years; mean, 61 years) without (n=51) and with (n=20) significant (>70%) portal vein stenosis (accompanying proximal hepatic arterial stenosis and/or biliary tract obstruction in 10) ...

Two kinds of glycyrrhetinic acid-modified chitosan/poly(ethylene glycol) nanoparticles (CTS/PEG-GA NPs) were prepared by an ionic gelation process in which the liver targeting ligand glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) was introduced into the nanoparticles at the C(30)-carboxyl group (CTS/PEG-GA(c) NPs) or the C(3)-hydroxyl group (CTS/PEG-GA(h) NPs). Their characteristics, especially their ability to target ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of a whole liver volume (WLV) segmentation algorithm to measure fat fraction (FF). Twenty consecutive patients with histologically proven fatty liver disease underwent dual-echo in-phase/out-of-phase MRI and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at 1.5 T. Two readers independently performed semiautomatic 3D liver ...

To compare virtual non-enhanced liver CT (VNCT) from dual-energy CT (DECT) with true non-enhanced liver CT (TNCT) in patients. A total of 102 patients underwent multi-phase abdominal CT. Liver arterial VNCT (VNCT(A)) and portovenous VNCT (VNCT(V)) images were derived from the arterial and portovenous DECT data. The mean CT number, ...