INTRODUCTION: It has been shown that the asymptomatic, dominant elbow of professional baseball pitchers can demonstrate magnetic resonance (MR) imaging signal abnormalities of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) consistent with a strain. The purpose of this study was to determine if younger, asymptomatic, adolescent baseball pitchers exhibit similar signal abnormalities ...

In textbooks of human anatomy and atlases of spinal surgery, the lumbar interspinous ligaments are described and illustrated in various and often conflicting ways. Thirty-four lumbar vertebral columns (19 males, 15 females, range 17-92 years old), sampled at autopsy, were studied by dissection and macroscopic analysis. The orientation of the ...

In a prospective double-blind study we investigated internal knee disorders with ultrasound and compared the results with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and arthroscopy. The aim was to determine the effectiveness of ultrasound in diagnosing Internal Derangement of the Knee (IDK) and to compare the results with MRI. Over an 18-months ...

INTRODUCTION: Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the formation of bone in soft tissues. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings on clinical suspicion of HO in the knee joint of patients hospitalised in the intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: This was a case ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging of the knee in identifying traumatic intraarticular knee lesions. METHOD: 300 patients with a clinical diagnosis of traumatic intraarticular knee lesions underwent prearthoscopic magnetic resonance imaging. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, likelihood ratio for a positive ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of radial meniscal tears at arthroscopy and the ability of MRI to detect radial tears preoperatively. In addition, the ability of four radiologic signs to detect radial tears was assessed. Those signs are the truncated triangle, cleft, marching cleft, ...

AIM: To assess whether simple, limited section analysis can replace detailed volumetric assessment of synovitis in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee using contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five patients with clinical and radiographic OA of the knee were assessed for synovitis using gadolinium-enhanced MRI. The ...

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most widely used non-invasive test for assessing intra-articular injuries of the knee. It has been suggested that a negative MRI can be useful in avoiding the need for diagnostic arthroscopy in cases where clinical examination is equivocal. However, the sensitivity and specificity of MRI ...

OBJECTIVE: Delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of cartilage (dGEMRIC) is used to examine the distribution of glycosaminoglycan in cartilage. This study sought to characterize dGEMRIC in the evaluation of knee osteoarthritis (OA) according to various radiographically determined disease parameters, and to examine the relationship between alignment of the knee ...

PURPOSE: To review a series of tears of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) in order to understand its healing process, as well as to identify prognostic factors. TYPE OF STUDY: Prospective study. METHODS: Eighteen patients with isolated or combined PCL tears were evaluated and followed-up for 1 year after their ...

INTRODUCTION: In recent years, three-dimensional (3D) MRI has been utilized to detect meniscal tears and has displayed several advantages over 2D MRI. The diagnostic performance to discriminate the type of meniscal tears by 2D MRI (sagittal and coronal images) and axial images from 3D MRI datasets has not been reported ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the three standard orthogonal imaging planes and a paracoronal imaging plane for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ninety patients (91 knees; 29 F and 61 M) aged between 15 and 84 years (mean 36.9 +/- 16.4 years) underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the ...

BACKGROUND: Combinations of infero-temporal and either supero-nasal ('inferior-superior') or medial percaruncular ('inferior-medial') injections are popular double-injection techniques for establishing peribulbar block analgesia. This study compared the efficacy of these two techniques in achieving ocular and lid akinesia. METHODS: One hundred patients were randomized to receive inferior-superior or inferior-medial injections in ...

PURPOSE: To prospectively compare magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-defined abnormalities of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee with radiographic severity measurements of OA of the knee and self-reported pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was approved by the institutional review board of University of Michigan. Informed consent was obtained for this HIPAA-compliant ...

OBJECTIVE: Ex vivo studies have suggested that cartilage contact areas and pressure are of high clinical relevance in the etiology of osteoarthritis in patients with patellar subluxation. The aims of this study were therefore to validate in vivo measurements of contact areas with 3D open magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ...

We report a rare case of fibroma of the tendon sheath in the knee. To our knowledge, only three previous cases of fibroma of the tendon sheath in the knee have been reported in the English literature. In our case, T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging revealed a low intensity signal, T2-weighted ...

OBJECTIVES: Synovitis is common in osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. In order to evaluate its importance, valid and reliable quantification methods are required. The aim of this study was to compare simple, semiquantitative synovitis scores with detailed volume assessments in subjects with knee OA using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as ...

OBJECTIVE: To describe 4 T MRI techniques in imaging chondrocalcinosis within the knee and examine the results together with those demonstrated using three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography, conventional radiography, and arthroscopy. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: From a larger clinical imaging study of early osteoarthritis, knee arthroscopy patients were imaged using high-field MRI ...

In this study, we aim to evaluate the arthroscopic findings of meniscal bucket handle tears and to correlate them with the proposed MR imaging signs of meniscal bucket handle tears suggested in the literature. Thirty-six patients who had a diagnosis of bucket handle tear in arthroscopy, in either medial or ...

The existence of meniscal extrusion is well known in the natural history of the osteoarthritic knee. However, extruded menisci are also seen in non-pathologic knees. To ascertain the prevalence of meniscal extrusion in non-arthritic patients, the MRIs of 100 knees were prospectively studied. The data were correlated both with clinical ...

The use of a pneumatic tourniquet in total knee arthroplasty has been linked to complications caused by local tissue hypoxia. Fat necrosis is a rare condition that presents as an ill-defined subcutaneous lesion. The clinical features resemble that of a lipoma but histological appearance is characteristic. Ultrasound imaging is helpful ...

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between preoperative single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scan findings and intraoperative assessments of knee osteoarthritis (OA) in patients undergoing tibiofemoral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). Fifty knees in 46 patients undergoing UKA were investigated preoperatively with a SPECT scan to ...

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypotheses that 1) osteoarthritic (OA) knees at more advanced stages have less anteroposterior (AP) laxity compared with OA knees at milder stages, 2) AP laxity decreases over time, and 3) the absence of a decrease in AP laxity is associated with greater progression of medial tibiofemoral ...

A ganglion is a cystic swelling that usually arises close to tendons or joints. Its occurrence inside a joint is rare, and its diagnosis is usually incidental during magnetic resonance imaging or arthroscopy. It may be painful or asymptomatic. Some patients may have a trauma history. Ganglia may mimic intra-articular ...

OBJECTIVE: To present our experience with repairing penile fracture, based on clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between December 2002 and October 2004, 14 men (19-64 years old) presented to our centre with a penile fracture. Two patients had urethral bleeding. MRI was used before surgery ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether microbubble-enhanced ultrasound (US) treatment promotes the delivery of methotrexate (MTX) into synovial cells and the enhanced antiinflammatory effects of intraarticular MTX therapy in a rabbit arthritis model. METHODS: Arthritis was induced in both knees of 53 rabbits by immunization with ovalbumin. MTX including a microbubble agent ...

PURPOSE: To analyze the normal pattern of fluid accumulation adjacent to the posterior cruciate ligament and anatomic variations of joint capsule insertion sites in the posterosuperior corner of the human knee by using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in cadaveric specimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen fresh cadaveric knees (obtained and used ...

BACKGROUND: Optimal treatment of osteochondritis dissecans of the knee is still controversial. PURPOSE: To review a group of patients with osteochondritis dissecans of the knee who were treated with arthroscopic compressive screw fixation and who were evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging studies and a second-look arthroscopic procedure at follow-up. STUDY ...

To compare centered versus distal tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) position on cranial tibial subluxation, postoperative tibial plateau angle (TPA), and tibial long axis shift (TLAS). In vitro biomechanical evaluation. Six pairs of canine cadaveric hind limbs. One limb of each pair was randomly assigned to the distal (TPLO-D) or ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to provide practical anatomic data for the imaging diagnosis and surgical treatment of the diseases of the subphrenic spaces. METHODS: The sectional anatomy of the subphrenic spaces on the coronal plane was investigated on serial coronal sections of the upper abdomen of 30 ...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: BOLD MRI provides functional information based on minimal changes. Problems inherent in data processing of the very low signal-to-noise-ratio of BOLD experiments have created obstacles for validation of certain techniques using standard strength-field MR scanners. Measures of diagnostic accuracy of clustered data are directly related to the ...

The knee joint is the most frequent location for pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS). Within the knee, localized PVNS is most commonly situated within the anterior compartment and is rarely found in the posterior compartment. Preoperative diagnosis is often elusive but can be improved with magnetic resonance imaging. We present a ...

Patellofemoral arthroplasty is going through a recent resurgence in interest with various new designs being introduced for general orthopaedic use. With this renewed enthusiasm for the procedure, it is important to understand the various indications and contraindications for using patellofemoral arthroplasty devices with the expectation that proper patient selection will ...

PURPOSE: To assess 3-T imaging of the knee. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 357 3-T magnetic resonance images of the knee obtained using a dedicated knee coil. From 58 patients who had arthroscopy we determined the sensitivity and specificity for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear and medial and lateral meniscal ...

The surgical management of knee injuries has increased in recent years. Postoperative magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the knee following surgical intervention serves an important role in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with recurrent or residual symptoms following surgical intervention. MR imaging additionally assists in the noninvasive documentation of temporal ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes of the internal (IID) and external meniscal interhorn distance (EID) of the medial and the lateral meniscus under loading. Sagittal magnetic resonance images of 15 knees were studied. The medial and lateral meniscus were examined with the knee at 0 ...

The accuracy, pitfalls, and limitations of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for diagnosing a tear in the nonoperated knee are well known. However, the diagnosis of a recurrent tear can be more difficult in the postoperative meniscus. Resection or meniscal repair results in postoperative changes that can mimic a recurrent tear. ...

Rickets and the decreased ossification associated with it can give rise to abnormally low bone density and weakened osseous structures. Despite this association, rickets has rarely been associated with osteochondral defects, and the imaging findings of this association have not been previously described on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. This case ...

A 12-year-old female athlete, training for an international career in pentathlon, was referred to our clinic because of 2 years of recurrent localized swelling and activity-related pain in the medial aspect of her right knee, since falling from a horse and hitting her knees on the ground. She had been ...

We reviewed 164 consecutive cases (158 patients) of arthroscopic examinations for lateral meniscal variants during the last 10 years. We classified lateral meniscal variants into four types by arthroscopic appearance, into six tear patterns by modifying O'Connor's classification, and compared magnetic resonance images (MRI) with arthroscopic findings. Regarding the four ...

A method for taking an axial radiograph of the distal femur was developed to see the epicondyles and posterior condyles of the femur. It was hypothesized that these radiographs would be acceptable for evaluating rotational alignment in total knee arthroplasty with comparable reproducibility and good correlation to the results obtained ...

PURPOSE: This paper describes the role of MR imaging in the identification of the different macroscopic patterns of lipoma arborescens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between June 1995 and January 2004, a total of 6387 MR examinations of the knee were retrospectively assessed for the presence of lipoma arborescens. The MR examinations ...

Until the advent of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), evaluation of ligament reconstruction of the knee was largely based on clinical examination and radiographs. MRI is the modality of choice for noninvasive evaluation of reconstructed ligaments, menisco-capsular structures and soft tissues. This article reviews the surgical techniques, normal and abnormal appearances ...

PURPOSE: To describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of injuries of the posterolateral aspect of the knee and to evaluate the diagnostic capabilities of MRI in the assessment of these injuries. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The MRI studies of 14 patients (mean age 33 years) with trauma to the posterolateral ...

Considerable developments have occurred in meniscal surgery, and consequently in the imaging of post-operative menisci, over the last 15 years. A drive to preserve meniscal physiologic function for as long as possible, in order to delay osteoarthrosis, has resulted in limited partial meniscectomies, meniscal repairs and meniscal transplants. Each of ...

OBJECTIVE: We describe the MRI appearance of five cases of chondral delamination of the knee. CONCLUSION: Chondral delamination injuries of the knee show increased linear signal abnormality at the junction of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone on T2-weighted (fast spin-echo) images of the knee. Identifying and treating these lesions ...

OBJECTIVES: To (a) develop further logically derived line drawing atlases (LDAs) for grading radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA); and (b) determine which is superior using metrological criteria. METHODS: A series of LDAs (-3 to +3, -4 to +4, and -5 to +5) were produced by (a) incorporating additional grades for osteophyte ...

Rapidly progressing medical technology sometimes obscures the importance of history and physical examination. This study was designed to assess the value of MRI and clinical examination in the diagnosis of ligamentous and meniscal knee injuries in comparison with arthroscopic findings. In the year 2003-2004, we conducted a prospective, single blind ...

The aim of this work was to demonstrate the relationship between osteoarthritic changes seen on magnetic resonance (MR) images of the patellofemoral (PF) or tibiofemoral (TF) compartments in patients with mild osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. MR images of the knee were obtained in 105 sib pairs (210 patients) who ...

PURPOSE: To retrospectively evaluate magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for the depiction of meniscal tears with partially detached meniscal fragments displaced in the intercondylar notch or in the meniscal recesses of the knee. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The institutional review board required neither its approval nor informed patient consent for the retrospective ...