PURPOSE: This paper aims to review controversies in the management of adrenal gland metastasis and to reach an evidence-based consensus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A review of English-language studies addressing the management of adrenal metastasis, including indications for surgery, diagnostic imaging, fine-needle aspiration, surgical approach, and outcome was carried out. Results ...

Object The discovery of incidental low-grade gliomas (LGGs) on MR imaging is rare, and currently there is no existing protocol for management of these lesions. Various studies have approached the dilemma of managing patients with incidental LGGs. While some advocate surgery and radiotherapy, others reserve surgery until there is radiological ...

Incidental vertebral lesions on imaging of the spine are commonly encountered in clinical practice. Contributing factors include the aging population, the increasing prevalence of back pain, and increased usage of MR imaging. Additionally, refinements in CT and MR imaging have increased the number of demonstrable lesions. The management of incidental ...

Cavernous malformations (CMs) are angiographically occult vascular malformations that are frequently found incidentally on MR imaging. Despite this benign presentation, these lesions could cause symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, seizures, and focal neurological deficits. Cavernomas can be managed conservatively with neuroimaging studies, surgically with lesion removal, or with radiosurgery. Considering recent studies ...

Imaging of the coronary arteries is an important part of the evaluation of children with congenital heart disease and isolated congenital coronary artery anomalies. Echocardiography remains the main imaging modality and is complemented by MRI and CT angiography in the older or difficult-to-image child. We review echocardiography, MRI, and CT ...

Foetal imaging and anomaly detection is advancing at a rapid rate. As a result, detection of foetal craniofacial abnormalities is increasing. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging are currently the imaging modalities most commonly used. The authors describe the detection of a nasal glioma at 20 weeks' gestation, subsequent prenatal monitoring ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:MR perfusion imaging can be used to help predict glial tumor grade and disease progression. Our purpose was to evaluate whether perfusion imaging has a diagnostic or therapeutic impact on clinical management planning in patients with glioma.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Standard MR imaging protocols were interpreted by a group of ...

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is the most-common valvular heart disease in the western world. From an etiologic point of view, MR can be either organic (mainly degenerative in western countries) or functional (secondary to left ventricular remodeling in the context of ischemic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy). Degenerative and functional MR are ...

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare tumor with aggressive behavior, high recurrence rate, and rapid evolution. Surgery is the only curative modality, while systemic treatments such as mitotane and chemotherapy associated to locoregional therapeutic tools remain as palliative options. Imaging has an important role in the management of patients with ...

Extrarenal malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) is a rare malignancy in childhood and has a poor prognosis. Accurate histopathologic diagnosis and staging of the malignancy has major implications for patient management. The application of F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) in pediatric malignancy has been well described and is having ...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of (68)Ga-labeled [1, 4, 7, 10-tetraazacyclododecane-1, 4, 7, 10-tetraacetic acid]-1-NaI(3)-octreotide (DOTA-NOC) PET/CT in the diagnosis and management of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). One hundred nine patients (median age, 50 years) with gastroenteropancreatic NETs underwent (68)Ga-DOTA-NOC PET/CT. PET/CT was performed after ...

The bony spine is overall the third most common site for distant cancer metastasis, with the cervical spine involved in approximately 8 to 20% of metastatic spine disease cases. Diagnosis and management of metastatic spine disease requires disease categorization into the compartment involved, pathology of the lesion, and anatomic region ...

The clinical use of PET and PET/CT aids physicians and patients in developing lymphoma prognoses, specifically for Hodgkin disease and aggressive types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. PET and PET/CT are used to initially stage lymphoma, restage disease, and check for remission or recurrence of malignant tissue after treatment. PET/CT is more ...

Work-related upper limb disorder (WRULD) encompasses a broad array of occupational upper limb injuries, the most common being carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Carpal tunnel syndrome occasionally presents with concomitant ganglion cysts. The purpose of this case report is to describe the chiropractic management of a patient with bilateral WRULD complicated ...

Hemangiopericytoma is an unusual tumor that arises from vascular smooth muscle cells. It is mainly experienced in 4th to 5th decades of life and soft-tissue masses are frequently located in lower extremity, pelvis, and retroperitoneum. A 29-year-old man presented with a mass lesion in the right nasal cavity associated with ...

Medical turnkey pre-installation specialist Canute International Medical Services (CIMS) recently supported provider of managed equipment services Asteral in a project to re-model the Rowan Bentall wing of Surrey's Kingston Hospital. The new CT scanning facility was developed by Asteral via an MES agreement, elements of which included two new CT ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article reviews the important aspects of managing patients undergoing anaesthesia and monitoring for MRI and PET. RECENT FINDINGS: The use of MRI and PET is expanding and an increasing number of specialized procedures are being undertaken on patients who require anaesthesia or critical care management. Magnetic ...

Accurate identification of ischemic penumbra will improve stroke patient selection for reperfusion therapies and clinical trials. Current magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques have limitations and lack validation. Oxygen challenge T(2)(*) MRI (T(2)(*) OC) uses oxygen as a biotracer to detect tissue metabolism, with penumbra displaying the greatest T(2)(*) signal change ...

PURPOSE: The discoid meniscus is a common meniscal anomaly. Symptomatic discoid menisci treated by arthroscopic surgery were examined preoperatively and postoperatively by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Aim of this study was to quantify the amount of meniscal resection when treating discoid meniscus in children by partial meniscectomy. The hypothesis was ...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate 5-slice stack/single-slice MRI approaches and anthropometric measures as predictors for metabolically relevant whole-body adipose tissue (AT) compartments in overweight/obese adolescents. METHODS: Forty adolescents (22 males, age 11.4-16.1 years) were included with a BMI above the 90th percentile. Volumes of whole-body AT compartments, i.e. total AT (TAT), subcutaneous ...

Microsurgical free tissue transfer is a valuable technique for the reconstruction of soft-tissue defects around the knee, and the medial sural artery (MSA) is an ideal recipient vessel for anastomosis. Previously, the vessel has been described as the dominant supply to the medial gastrocnemius, but no research has addressed the ...

Established methods for characterization of tissue and diagnostics, for example histochemistry, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), X-ray tomography, or positron emission tomography (PET), are mostly not suitable for intra-operative use. However, there is a clear need for an intra-operative diagnostics especially to identify the borderline between normal and tumor tissue. Currently, ...

Anteroposterior width of prevertebral soft tissues (PVSTs) in the cervical spine has long been considered a valuable radiographic measurement for evaluation of occult cervical spine pathology. These measurements, generally obtained from lateral radiographs of the cervical spine, have been used clinically as references for the evaluation of patients with traumatic, ...

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remains the standard modality for the local staging of gynecological malignancies but it has several limitations, particularly for lymph node staging or evaluating peritoneal carcinomatosis. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in functional imaging modalities. Based on molecular diffusion, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a unique, ...

To develop and test a method to noninvasively assess the functional lung microstructure. The Multiple exchange time Xenon polarization Transfer Contrast technique (MXTC) encodes xenon gas-exchange contrast at multiple delay times permitting two lung-function parameters to be derived: (i) MXTC-F, the long exchange-time depolarization value, which is proportional to the ...

The diaphragm acts as a partition between the thoracic and abdominal cavities. On computed tomography, it is seen as a curved soft-tissue density with fat below and aerated lung above. The direct multiplanar capability of magnetic resonance technology can improve depiction of normal or abnormal diaphragmatic anatomy. Despite the usefulness ...

The purpose of this study was to compare the measurements of primary T1 and T2 non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs) at PET/CT to determine which modality has the more accurate correlation with the histologic findings. A retrospective study was performed with the images of 59 patients who underwent surgical resection ...

At present, the goal of stroke research is the identification of a potential recoverable tissue surrounding the ischemic core, suggested as ischemic penumbra, with the aim of applying a treatment that attenuates the growth of this area. Our purpose was to determine whether a combination of imaging techniques, including (18)F-FDG ...

The imaging evaluation of the prosthetic hip begins with radiography, but arthrography, aspiration, scintigraphy, sonography, CT and MR imaging all have roles in the evaluation of the painful prosthesis. This article will review the appearance of normal hip arthroplasty including hemiarthroplasty, total arthroplasty, and hip resurfacing, as well as the ...

Computed tomography (CT) dosimetry computer codes have been most commonly used due to their user friendliness, but with little consideration for potential uncertainty in estimated organ dose and their underlying limitations. Generally, radiation doses calculated with different CT dosimetry computer codes were comparable, although relatively large differences were observed for ...

Background: Transmural lesions are difficult to produce in myocardial regions with thick walls, such as the left ventricle (LV), using conventional radiofrequency (RF) ablation catheters. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of magnetically coupled bipolar catheters and compare the performance with conventional unipolar and bipolar RF ablation catheters. ...

PURPOSE:: To test the effects of a circuit training (CT; aerobic + strength training) program, with and without motivational interviewing (MI) behavioral therapy, on reducing adiposity and type 2 diabetes risk factors in Latina teenagers. METHODS:: Thirty-eight Latina adolescents (15.8 ±1.1 yrs) who are overweight/obese were randomly assigned to: Control ...

Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) of T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images has been widely used to identify regional atrophy in neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In theory, however, T2-weighting should be more sensitive to tissue pathology, though until recently, volumetric T2-weighted images were unavailable. We tested the hypothesis that T2-VBM ...

Currently, imaging is predominantly used to exclude patients for thrombolysis, rather than identify patients most likely to benefit. This means that patients are being selected for treatment without reference to tissue pathophysiology. Imaging of specific stroke pathophysiology may be the key to selecting patients most likely to benefit from thrombolysis, ...

Diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) is able to detect and characterize tissues because it incorporates sensitivity to water content and water movements into the images that are produced. Compared with other imaging modalities used in oncologic assessments, DW-MRI does not expose patients to ionizing radiations, and no injection of isotopes or any ...

Purpose: To compare velocity-encoded (VE) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with tissue Doppler imaging to assess right ventricular (RV) peak systolic velocities and timing of velocities in patients with corrected tetralogy of Fallot and healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: Local institutional review board approval was obtained; patients or their parents gave ...

Objectives: To describe computed tomographic (CT) findings in canine spontaneous pyothorax and compare them to surgical findings and to assess the utility of CT in guiding case management. Methods: Records from 2003 to 2010 were reviewed to identify dogs, with spontaneous pyothorax, which had undergone CT. Cases were managed medically ...

Ectopic pancreas is defined as pancreatic tissue found outside its usual anatomical position, with no ductal or vascular communication with the native pancreas. We describe a case of ectopic pancreas of the small bowel and mesentery causing recurrent episodes of pancreatitis, initially suspected on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance ...

Both the forward and inverse problems of electrocardiography rely on the precise modelling of the anatomic and electrical properties of the thoracic tissues. This, in turn, requires good knowledge of the electrical anisotropy as well as conductivity inhomogeneity of the heart, lungs and the rest of the thorax. Cardiac electrical ...

To determine the reproducibility of proton MR spectroscopy ((1) H-MRS) for assessing vertebral bone marrow adiposity at 3 Tesla (T); to evaluate variation of marrow adiposity at different vertebral levels; and to demonstrate the feasibility of using (1) H-MRS at 3T for evaluating marrow adiposity in subjects with low bone ...

Purpose: Evaluation of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) findings in cases clinically diagnosed as adhesive capsulitis (AC). Methods: CE-MRI images of 12 cases diagnosed as AC (13 shoulder joints) and nine control cases were retrospectively evaluated. AC diagnosis was established based on the history and clinical symptoms. MR signal intensity ...

We report a case of a large peritoneal loose body (LPLB), diagnosed on CT. The loose body appeared as a round pelvic mass with central calcifications and a distinct fat plane separating it from adjacent organs. The mass changed its location from the left to the right side of the ...

We report a case of giant extraskeletal chondroma arising from the index finger. The patient, a 62-year-old man, noticed the tumour in his right index finger about 30 years ago. X-ray and computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a 5-cm calcified soft-tissue tumour on the radial side of the proximal phalanx ...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Early detection of breast lesions using mammography has resulted in lower mortality rates. However, some breast lesions are mammography occult, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is recommended, but it has lower specificity. It is possible to achieve higher specificity by using strain-encoded (SENC) MRI and/or magnetic resonance ...

Background Post-contrast diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is occasionally necessary when the results of the pre-contrast DWI differ from that of the dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI), however, the effects of contrast material on DWI image and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values have not been fully examined. Purpose To assess whether ...

Fibroid management is surrounded by considerable controversy and uncertainty. This paper summarises the consensus developed by a group of Australasian subspecialists in reproductive endocrinology and infertility (the ACCEPT group) on the evidence concerning the impact and management of fibroids in infertility. The location of a fibroid within the uterus influences ...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Spectroscopy signal of a breast lesion may be disrupted by the presence of metal from a biopsy marking clip. This study compares the size of magnetic resonance (MR) susceptibility artifacts and degree of local spectroscopy signal disturbance created by conventional titanium tissue marker clips to that of ...

Superficial inferior epigastric artery (SIEA) flap breast reconstruction has advantages over deep inferior epigastric perforator flap (DIEP) and muscle sparing transverse rectus abdominus myocutaneous flap (TRAM) reconstructions with less donor site morbidity and less complicated flap dissection. Not all patients have an adequate SIEA and superficial inferior epigastric vein (SIEV) ...

The aim was to determine the feasibility of vascular quantification of the bowel wall for different anatomical segments of the colorectum. Following institutional ethical approval and informed consent, 39 patients with colorectal cancer underwent perfusion CT. Blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), mean transit time (MTT), and permeability surface area ...

Fetal demise is an uncommon event encountered at MR imaging. When it occurs, recognition by the interpreting radiologist is important to initiate appropriate patient management. To identify MR findings of fetal demise. Following IRB approval, a retrospective search of the radiology fetal MR database was conducted searching the words "fetal ...