Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) enables detection and localization of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. Even small tumours down to a diameter of 1-2 mm can be visualized. Since such small tumours usually cannot be detected by computed tomography (ct), magnetic resonance imaging (mri) and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (srs), and experience with EUS imaging ...

Recent findings about the pathomechanisms of tumour angiogenesis have led to new therapeutic options in the treatment of malignant tumours. During the development of anti-angiogenic drugs, reporting ranged from healing cancer to completely ineffective drugs. In 2003 the first anti-angiogenic drug was approved. Several anti-angiogenic drugs are still in the ...

The authors present the clinical, MR imaging and pathological features of the largest intracranial solitary fibrous tumour of the meninges ever reported in the literature. This well-circumscribed dural-based tumour strikingly demonstrated two different solid components. The first one demonstrated a suggestive T2 hypointensity that strongly enhanced after gadolinium administration while ...

PURPOSE: Optical imaging would be desirable for cancer diagnostics since it can potentially resolve relevant oncological target structures in vivo. We therefore synthesised an alpha v beta(3) targeted fluorochrome and imaged tumour xenografts with different alpha v beta(3) expression levels using both planar and tomographic optical imaging methods. METHODS: An ...

We report a rare chronic encapsulated intracerebral haematoma (CEICH). A 52-year-old man had two seizures. Unenhanced computed tomography scanning of the head revealed a hypodense tumour with clusters of calcification in the left temporal lobe. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed a left temporal tumour with a hypointense centre ...

AIM: To assess the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in evaluating residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with large breast cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five women with large breast cancers underwent MRI mammography before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (three or six cycles). Dynamic MRI was performed using a ...

The availability of rapid imaging with multidetector CT systems and commercial analysis software has made perfusion imaging with CT an everyday technique, not only for the brain but also for other body organs. Perfusion imaging is usually performed as an adjunct to a conventional CT examination and is therefore particularly ...

CASE REPORT: The authors describe a unique case of an 8-year-old girl with a germinoma located in the left basal ganglia. Medical history begins 5 months before with a central diabetes insipidus, loss of weight (5 kg at admission), vomiting and asthenia. Computed tomography (CT) and cranial magnetic resonance imaging ...

AIM: To assess the CT features of benign localized fibrous tumour of the pleura, with histopathological correlations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT and histopathological findings of 18 patients with surgically resected benign localized fibrous tumour of the pleura were retrospectively assessed. RESULTS: Tumours were pleura or fissure based, semilunar, lentiform or ...

We report the case of a littoral-cell angioma of the spleen, a recently described benign vascular tumour, whose imaging and pathological characteristics have been discussed only by a few authors. The diagnosis was made after elective splenectomy. The CT images, scintigraphy and histological specimens are presented, and differential diagnoses discussed.

We prospectively studied the ability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to predict the consistency of pituitary adenomas. The hypothesis was that firm, fibrous tumours would appear homogeneously hypointense on T2-weighted images. Eighty patients who underwent surgery for pituitary macroadenomas were studied. MR images were evaluated preoperatively by the radiologist. The ...

We report a rare case of myxofibrosarcoma arising in the neck. A 55-year-old man presented with a two-year history of left-sided, painless, submandibular swelling. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an 80 x 35 mm, well defined, lobulated, submandibular tumour extending to the parapharyngeal space. The tumour showed ...

INTRODUCTION: Prolactinomas in childhood and adolescence are rare. However, in male patients in particular they may become extremely large and invasive, resulting in visual impairment without necessarily producing endocrine symptoms. CASE REPORTS: We report on two adolescent males who presented with deteriorating vision over a long period of time and ...

Independent component analysis (ICA) was applied on dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography images of cerebral tumours to extract spatial component maps of the underlying vascular structures, which correspond to different haemodynamic phases as depicted by the passage of the contrast medium. The locations of arteries, veins and tumours can be separately ...

Neurofibromatosis 1 predisposes affected individuals to the development of benign and malignant tumours that are frequently disfiguring and difficult to manage. However, advances in molecular biology and the development of mouse models have facilitated our understanding of disease pathogenesis. Positron emission tomography has demonstrated that sophisticated imaging techniques have a ...

A 12-year-old German shepherd crossbreed dog was presented with a submandibular mass that was initially diagnosed as myxosarcoma on incisional biopsy. Chest radiographs were taken for staging, and magnetic resonance imaging was performed to assess the feasibility of cytoreductive surgery before adjuvant radiotherapy. The dog underwent debulking surgery, and histology ...

BACKGROUND: A variety of pigmented skin tumours can lead to diagnostic difficulties in dermatopathology. OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether the interobserver agreement between histopathological diagnoses of equivocal pigmented tumours made by two referral centres can be improved by additional use of dermoscopic images. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study using 160 tumours ...

Thanks to the recently introduced silicone image sensor technology, skin capacitance imaging has now been made possible. The dedicated device is called SkinChip. This method is easy to handle and provides information about the skin microrelief, the level of stratum corneum hydration and the sweat gland activity. The apparatus sees ...

This paper describes the spectrum of imaging features of oesophageal adenocarcinoma seen using high-resolution T2-weighted (T2W) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Thirty-nine patients with biopsy-proven oesophageal adenocarcinoma were scanned using an external surface coil. A sagittal T2W sequence was used to localise the tumour and to plan axial images perpendicular to ...

We present a conus medullaris tuberculoma in a 12-year-old girl. She presented with low backache, weakness of both lower limbs and urinary disturbance. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a D10-L1 intramedullary mass. The tumour was excised and the biopsy was suggestive of tuberculoma. The patient received antituberculous therapy postoperatively and improved. ...

We have compared 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]-fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) images of large or locally advanced breast cancers (LABC) acquired during Anthracycline-based chemotherapy. The purpose was to determine whether there is an optimal method for defining tumour volume and an optimal imaging time for predicting pathologic chemotherapy response. METHOD: PET data were ...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for non-invasive measurement of rectal cancer angiogenesis and hypoxia. METHODS: Fifteen patients with rectal adenocarcinoma underwent preoperative dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) and blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) MRI. Microvessel density (CD31 level), and expression of vascular ...

OBJECTIVES: To assess the ability of helical computed tomography (CT) including multiplanar reformatting and volume rendering (3D CT) to predict collecting system entry at surgery, as helical CT can be used to delineate renal tumour and normal renal anatomy before nephron-sparing surgery (NSS). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Knowledge of the possibility ...

BACKGROUND: In contrast to adults, intraparenchymal haemorrhage (IPH) is at least as common as ischaemic stroke in children. There is often uncertainty about the most appropriate modality for imaging in the acute stage. OBJECTIVE: To examine the diagnostic value of MRI and MR angiography (MRA) in the detection of underlying ...

AIMS: To correlate the clinical, ultrasound and pathological features of the eyes first evaluated by 18-fluorine-labelled 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-d-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography and then enucleated for choroidal melanoma. METHODS: 14 consecutive patients enucleated for choroidal melanoma were examined. At presentation, clinical, ultrasound and PET/computed tomography imaging were carried out. ...

PURPOSE: Radiopeptide imaging is a valuable imaging method in the management of patients with neuroendocrine tumours (NET). To determine the clinical performance of gastrin receptor scintigraphy (GRS), it was compared with somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS), computed tomography (CT) and (18)F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET) in patients with metastasised/recurrent medullary thyroid ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which tissue harmonic imaging (THI), speckle reduction imaging (SRI), spatial compounding (SC) and contrast can improve detection and differentiation of breast tumours. We examined 38 patients (14 benign, 24 malignant tumours) with different combinations of THI, SRI and SC. ...

Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) together with clinical, pathomorphological and immunohistological methods, a ependymoma is described in a 9-year-old German Shepherd dog, which presented with behavioural and oculocephalic responses and generalised ataxia. The ependymoma, 9 x 6 x 5mm in size, was localised intra-axially in the right interventricular foramen and ...

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is generally an efficient tool for establishing the differential diagnosis of soft tissue tumours. We simultaneously encountered two patients with adipose tumours in the neck. Both had similar clinical features and MRI findings: lobular high intensity tumours on both T1-and T2-weighted images equivalent to subcutaneous fat ...

Response evaluation by means of response rates using radiological imaging techniques is well established and plays a pivotal role in the development of new anti-cancer agents. It is typically employed in phase II clinical trials and acts as a surrogate for patient benefit, thereby allowing potentially active agents to be ...

Dumbbell tumours are those with an intraspinal and a paraspinal component, connected through a frequently enlarged and eroded intervertebral foramen. Most dumbbell tumours are located in the thoracic spine, and most of them are schwannomas. The extraspinal tumour extension is usually larger than the intraspinal tumour part, but the intraspinal ...

PURPOSE: The folate receptor (FR) is a valuable tumour marker, since it is frequently overexpressed on various cancer types. The purpose of the present study was to pre-clinically evaluate novel site-specifically modified (99m)Tc(CO)(3) folate (gamma-derivative 4, alpha-derivative 5) and pteroate (6) conjugates for FR targeting. METHODS: The (99m)Tc(CO)(3) radiotracers 4-6 ...

Penile lymphoma is extremely rare and secondary involvement of the penis by lymphoma may be due to retrograde spread or to direct extension from neighbouring organ. The appearance of penile lymphoma varies and can be mistaken for other soft tissue tumours. We report on a case with malignant lymphoma of ...

BACKGROUND: In cases of cranial tumour, manual resection of the cancerous tissue can be very stressful and time-consuming, due to the adhesion of the subjacent dura mater. Computer-assisted planning, navigation and robotic craniotomy, with optional skull reconstruction using customized implants, are of increasing clinical interest in craniofacial and neurosurgery. METHODS: ...

BACKGROUND: Neuroradiologic imaging has revolutionised the management of brain tumours through precise presurgery diagnosis and accurate definition of the extent of disease. This report attempts to evaluate our five years of clinical experience with intracranial CT scanning in the management of adult brain tumours. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included ...

PURPOSE: At all stages of the disease, serious difficulties are encountered in the imaging diagnosis of carcinoids. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) holds great promise for detecting primary tumours and metastases. 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-octreotate should significantly improve the diagnosis of carcinoids in comparison with 111In-Octreoscan owing to the better affinity for SSR2 and ...

The prevalence of all forms of scrotal and testicular calcification and their association with testicular tumour in a symptomatic paediatric and adult population was investigated. A retrospective study of all testicular ultrasound examinations performed at a single centre over a 5-year period was undertaken. All studies were performed by experienced ...

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly malignant human brain tumour for which no cure is available at present. Numerous clinical studies as well as animal experiments are under way with the goal being to understand tumour biology and develop potential therapeutic approaches. C6 cell glioma in the adult rat is ...

Oligodendroglial neoplasms with the -1p/-19q genotype are more indolent with longer survival and increased therapeutic responsiveness than those with intact 1p/19q, but the biological basis for these clinical differences is unclear. Recent research suggests that oligodendrogliomas with and without the -1p/-19q genotype may be distinguished by their magnetic resonance imaging ...

There is rapid evolution in the functional imaging of tumours. In two patients with concomitant pheochromocytoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST), previously unrecognized tumours were visualized by combined 2-tracer positron emission tomography (PET), which also provided precise information about tumour type. PET imaging led to radical resection and the diagnoses ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The intention of this article is to review the recently published studies summarizing new developments in medical imaging for head and neck tumours. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent technological improvements in imaging have modified the diagnostic approach to these tumours. The main trends can be summarized as follows: improvement ...

Radiotherapy-induced changes in the soft tissues of the neck hamper the early detection of persistent or recurrent tumour by clinical examination and imaging procedures. Diffusion-weighted (DW) MRI is a non-invasive technique capable of probing tissue properties by measuring the movement of water. The purpose of the ongoing study is to ...

The aim of the study was to compare prospectively magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) in the diagnosis and staging of Klatskin tumours of the biliary tree (hilar cholangiocarcinomas). Forty-six patients with suspected Klatskin tumours of the biliary tract underwent MRI and ...

The assessment of the effectiveness of MRI-guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRIgFUS) of breast carcinomas can be performed by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) parameters which monitor the presence of residual tumour. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the post-treatment delay on this assessment. DCE-MRI ...

Primary parapharyngeal space tumours are rare, but they pose not only diagnostic but also therapeutic challenges in head and neck surgery. Imaging studies, in particular magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, play a central role in the diagnosis of parapharyngeal space (PPS) tumours. Besides schwannomas, primary lesions arising from the sympathetic chain ...

We report a rare case of an intraosseous malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour of the femoral head and neck. The tumour presented as a well-defined radiolucent lesion on plain radiography. Computed tomography showed aggressive destruction of the bone with no involvement of the adjacent soft tissues. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed ...

Benign primary tumours of the ribs are rare and may be identified during the investigation of a clinically suspected abnormality or as an incidental finding. This review describes the spectrum of benign tumours that can involve the rib and illustrates the radiographic, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging ...

PURPOSE: In vitro in the R1M cell model and in vivo in the R1M tumour-bearing athymic model, both [(123)I]-2-iodo-L: -phenylalanine and [(123)I]-2-iodo-D: -phenylalanine have shown promising results as tumour diagnostic agents for SPECT. In order to compare these two amino acid analogues and to examine whether the observed characteristics could ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A simulation investigating the accuracy and reproducibility of a tumour motion prediction model over clinical time frames is presented. The model is formed from surrogate and tumour motion measurements, and used to predict the future position of the tumour from surrogate measurements alone. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data ...

PURPOSE: Mild hyperthermia can improve tumour oxygenation and enhance radiosensitivity. Imaging the hypoxic fraction of a tumour can guide hyperthermia treatment planning and facilitate treatment optimization. 64Cu-ATSM (Copper-diacetyl-bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazone)) is a positron emitting compound that has been demonstrated to have rapid uptake and selective retention in hypoxic cells and has been ...