OBJECTIVE: To compare the positions of the trochlear groove (TG) line and the vertical midline of the pericondylar rectangle on axial computed tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective pilot study was conducted in February and March 2011 comprising 14 knees in 9 consecutive patients with patellofemoral pain, a normal ...

PURPOSE: To assess the diagnostic test accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA) and computed tomography arthrography (CTA) for the detection of chondral lesions of the patellofemoral and tibiofemoral joints. METHODS: A review of published and unpublished literature sources was conducted on 22nd September 2011. All studies ...

The present study aimed to develop a method to measure three-dimensional (3-D) thickness of cartilage (Tc) at the femoral condyle using B-mode ultrasonography (US) and to clarify the feasibility of US in clinical evaluations of articular cartilage by comparing the results with 3-D measurement values using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ...

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine the posterosuperior popliteomeniscal fascicle (sPMF) and anteroinferior popliteomeniscal fascicle (iPMF) by use of magnetic resonance imaging in control knee joints and joints with recurrent subluxation of the lateral meniscus (RSLM) to determine the incidence of abnormal popliteomeniscal fascicles (PMFs) in these ...

PURPOSE: To describe the appearance of the infrapatellar plica (IPP) on magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA) taken in 70° knee flexion, corresponding to the arthroscopic posture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-two patients (23 knee joints) who underwent MRA with 70° knee flexion were enrolled. All patients underwent MRA with 70° knee flexion ...

With major technological advances and application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to large longitudinal osteoarthritis (OA) studies the role of imaging has become increasingly important for OA research over the last years. Currently, radiography, MRI and ultrasound are the most established imaging tools applied in a research setting. MRI assessment ...

BACKGROUND: MRI is the most sensitive imaging modality in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), but has practical limitations. Optimizing the scanning protocol is, therefore, necessary to increase feasibility and patient comfort. OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility of bilateral non-contrast-enhanced open-bore MRI of knees and to assess the presence of literature-based MRI ...

A flexible transceiver array, capable of multiple-purpose imaging applications in vivo at ultrahigh magnetic fields was designed, implemented and tested on a 7 T MR scanner. By alternately placing coil elements with primary and secondary harmonics, improved decoupling among coil elements was accomplished without requiring decoupling circuitry between resonant elements, ...

BACKGROUND: A large number of surgical techniques have been proposed for the treatment of recurrent patellar dislocation in adolescents, one of the most famous being Galeazzi's semitendinosus tenodesis as modified by Baker. The aim of this study was to verify the mid-term results of this technique, the effectiveness of restoring ...

OBJECTIVE: Enthesopathy has been reported as a feature of osteoarthritis (OA) in the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints. We previously reported that central bone marrow lesions (BML) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans are associated with OA. In this study, we evaluated whether hand and knee enthesopathy were related. METHODS: We ...

We assessed the relationship between cartilage MR relaxation times and biomechanical response of tibiofemoral articular cartilage to physiological loading in healthy subjects and patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Female subjects above 40 years of age with (N(1)  = 20) and without (N(2)  = 10) OA were imaged on a 3T MR scanner using ...

In this study, we present three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) scan image findings of a case with congenital total absence of the quadriceps muscle and patella and partial absence of the sartorius muscle, which caused fixed flexion contracture of the knee joint. Physical examination, radiography, three-dimensional CT scan, and chromosome analysis ...

The authors developed an original magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) staging system for epiphyseal fusion of growth plate maturation of the knee and evaluated its reliability and validity for age assessment of living individuals. A total of 290 MRI scans of the knee were reviewed retrospectively in patients aged from 10 ...

A new 2 T 3-element orthogonal knee coil array based on the three-dimensional orthogonality principle was designed, constructed and used in a series of pilot magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies on a standardized phantom, and human and pig knees. The coil elements within this new coil array are positioned orthogonal to ...

Growth hormone (GH) producing adenomas of the pituitary gland are usually macroadenomas (>10 mm in size). Often these adenomas are locally invasive by the time of diagnosis. Acromegaly secondary to a very small pituitary microadenoma not visualized on pituitary magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is rare. We report a patient with acromegaly ...

PURPOSE: To determine whether meniscal deformation and displacement on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are associated with tears by use of arthroscopic findings as a standard of reference in children with discoid lateral meniscus (DLM). METHODS: We reviewed MRI scans and intraoperative videos of 69 consecutive patients (79 knees) treated arthroscopically ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the characteristic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of medial meniscal root tear in the coronal, sagittal and axial planes. METHODS: Thirty arthroscopically diagnosed patients who had undergone preoperative knee MRI were included in this study. They were compared ...

The meniscofemoral ligaments (MFLs) run from the medial femoral condyle to the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus and consist of anterior MFL (aMFL) and/or posterior MFL (pMFL) components according to whether it passes anterior or posterior to the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). The purpose of this study was to ...

We examined the sensitivity and accuracy of measuring osteolysis around total knee arthroplasty (TKA) on radiographs, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a cadaver model. Fifty-four simulated osteolytic defects ranging from 0.7 to 14 cm(3) were created in 6 cadaver knees implanted with either a cemented or ...

OBJECTIVES: To describe a type of meniscus flap tear resembling a bucket-handle tear, named a "hemi-bucket-handle" tear; to compare its imaging features with those of a typical bucket-handle tear; and to discuss the potential therapeutic implications of distinguishing these two types of tears. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five knee MR examinations ...

PURPOSE: Drilling is the most common operative treatment for stable juvenile osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the knee. However, prognostic factors remain unclear because of lack of precise radiographic and histopathologic investigations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical results and prognostic factor of the arthroscopic drilling for ...

The medial patellar retinaculum (MPR) and the lateral patellar retinaculum (LPR) are vital structures for the stability of the patella. Failure to identify or treat injury to the patellar retinaculum is associated with recurrent patellar instability and contributes to significant morbidity. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) readily depicts the detailed ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate short-term clinical and MRI outcome of the second generation characterized chondrocyte implantation (CCI) for the treatment of cartilage defects in the knee. METHODS: Thirty-two patients aged 15-51 years with single International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) grade III/IV symptomatic cartilage defects of different locations in the knee were treated ...

OBJECTIVE: The development of osteoarthritis following traumatic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is well established. However, few reliable indicators of early osteoarthritic changes have been established, which has limited the development of effective therapies. T(1ρ) and T(2) mapping techniques have the ability to provide highly accurate and quantitative measurements of ...

Advances in orthopedic and arthroscopic surgical procedures of the knee such as, knee replacement, ligamentous reconstruction as well as articular cartilage and meniscus repair techniques have resulted in a significant increase in the number of patients undergoing knee arthroscopy or open surgery. As a consequence postoperative MR imaging examinations increase. ...

Pediatricians and orthopedists comprise the largest referral basis for knee MR examinations at our institution. In an era of cost optimization, the purpose of this study was to compare differences in pretest probability for an abnormal finding on knee MRI based on referral subspecialty. A retrospective review of 501 consecutive ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether features of radiographic hand osteoarthritis (OA) are associated with quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-defined knee cartilage thickness, radiographic knee OA, and 1-year structural progression. METHODS: A total of 765 participants in Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI; 455 women, mean age 62.5 yrs, SD 9.4) obtained hand radiographs (at ...

A patient often initially presents to an orthopedic surgeon with the magnetic resonance image (MRI) ordered by his or her primary care physician in hand. Often, a significant period of time elapses after injury before the patient is assessed by the orthopedic surgeon; therefore, the initial MRI may be considered ...

BackgroundIn magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with 3D-double-echo steady-state (3D-DESS) sequences, the cartilage-synovial fluid contrast is reported to be better with a flip angle of 90° than with the conventional flip angle of 40°, and the detection rate of knee cartilage injury may be improved.PurposeTo compare the diagnostic performance and certainty ...

This study aimed at developing a fully automated bone segmentation method for the human knee (femur and tibia) from magnetic resonance (MR) images. MR imaging was acquired on a whole body 1.5T scanner with a gradient echo fat suppressed sequence using an extremity coil. The method was based on the ...

To investigate the effects of meniscectomy on degenerative osteoarthritis, a three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model of the human lower limb is constructed from a combination of magnetic resonance (MR) images and computed tomographic (CT) images that can provide anatomically suitable boundary conditions for a knee joint. Four cases, i.e., ...

Commonly used diagnostic tools used to evaluate articular cartilage lack the sensitivity, specificity, and objectivity to measure early changes associated with osteoarthritis. Two techniques using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging have been developed to detect the biology of articular cartilage are delayed gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) and T2 mapping. ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the stability and reproducibility of the sodium magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal measured in the articular cartilage of the knee in both healthy volunteers and osteoarthritis (OA) patients. DESIGN: This was a prospective Research Ethics Committee approved study that acquired sodium and proton MRI data from 15 ...

We describe a case of intra-articular osteoid osteoma arising in the radial styloid of a 21-year-old man. Plain radiographs were not diagnostic, but computed tomography, gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, and bone scintigraphy suggested the possibility of an osteoid osteoma. We arthroscopically removed the lesion; histological examination confirmed the diagnosis. The ...

INTRODUCTION: Magnetic resonance imaging on 3 Tesla (3T MRI) with arthroscopic correlation has proven to adequately identify the anteromedial bundle (AMB) and posterolateral bundle (PLB) in cadaver knees. The purpose of this study was to describe the depiction of ACL bundle anatomy on 3T MRI in daily practice. METHODS: In ...

INTRODUCTION: Traumatic meniscal lesions in children must be diagnosed quickly and efficiently as a priority in order to conserve the meniscus and safeguard the future of the knee. They are often isolated and difficult to identify clinically. In the diagnostic work up stage, an excessive resort to diagnostic arthroscopy has ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare 3D MR imaging and open cadaveric measurements of the ACL's footprints to see whether 3D MR imaging measurements are accurate enough to be used for preoperative templating in anatomic ACL reconstruction. METHODS: Eight formalin-injected cadaveric knees were scanned by rapid acquisition ...

PURPOSE: To determine the relationship between changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and T(1ρ) and T(2) values in vivo. The ECM is composed of proteoglycan (PG), collagen, and water. It has been unclear which of the ECM constituents affects T(1ρ) and T(2) mapping in living human cartilage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: ...

PURPOSE: To examine the changes in knee cartilage T2 values over 24 months in subjects with and without risk factors for knee osteoarthritis (OA) and their association with focal knee lesions at baseline. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-one subjects without and 101 subjects with OA risk factors (such as history of ...

PURPOSE: Rotational alignment is important for patellar tracking, ligament balance, and tibiofemoral congruity after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The posterior condylar axis is often referred to as a rotational alignment landmark. However, articular cartilage wear localized only in the medial condyle might affect the accuracy of rotation, because surgical planning ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of using additional oblique coronal 1mm proton density-weighted (PDW) MR imaging of the knee for detection and grading anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), anteromedial bundle (AMB) and posterolateral bundle (PLB) injuries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively assessed preoperative MR images of 50 patients (36 men, ...

OBJECTIVE: We have termed an MRI finding in the knees of adolescents characterized by a focal bone marrow edema pattern centered about the closing physis a "FOPE"-that is, focal periphyseal edema-zone. The cause of this appearance is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to review the MRI appearance ...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate patellofemoral congruency measurements on MRI and correlate the findings with severity of ipsilateral osteoarthritis. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 650 consecutive knee MRI examinations from 622 patients divided into two age groups: ≤50 and >50 year-old. The femoral sulcus angle (SA) and depth (SD), lateral patellar displacement (LPD), lateral ...

BACKGROUND: The treatment of chondral lesions is still an important challenge for the orthopaedic surgeon. Attempts have been made to restore cartilage lesions by filling the defects with a temporary biocompatible matrix. PURPOSE: The authors present their midterm experience with the implantation of alginate beads containing human mature allogenic chondrocytes ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to use magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to evaluate the translational and rotational kinematics of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructed knees with transtibial (TT) and anteromedial (AM) femoral tunnel drilling. METHODS: ACL reconstruction was performed in 21 subjects: 12 with AM drilling (5 men ...

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could potentially be used to non-invasively predict the strength of an ACL graft after ACL reconstruction. We hypothesized that the volume and T2 relaxation parameters of the ACL graft measured with MRI will predict the graft structural properties and anteroposterior (AP) laxity of the reconstructed knee. ...

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of acute loading on in vivo tibiofemoral contact area changes in both compartments, and to determine whether in vivo tibiofemoral contact area differs between subjects with medial knee osteoarthritis (OA) and healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten subjects with medial knee OA (KL3) and 11 ...

PURPOSE: To investigate the transport of Gd-DTPA(2-) in different layers of femoral knee cartilage in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: T(1) measurements (1.5 Tesla) were performed in femoral knee cartilage of 23 healthy volunteers. The weight-bearing central cartilage was analyzed before contrast and at eight time points after an intravenous injection ...

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: The goals of this study were (i) to compare the prevalence of focal knee abnormalities, the mean cartilage T^2 relaxation time, and the spatial distribution of cartilage magnetic resonance (MR) T^2 relaxation times between subjects with and without risk factors for OA, (ii) to determine the relationship between ...

Abstract This case report describes a rare case of recurrent dislocation of the patella which was accompanied with trochlear dysplasia and malalignment of the patella in a 15-year-old girl. She complained of hemoarthrosis and recurrent patellar dislocation in the early knee flexion phase. Plain radiography and computed tomography (CT) showed ...