PURPOSE: To disclose pre- and postoperative lower eyelid gradients in involutional entropion using sagittal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: Three female patients, average age 82 (two right eyes and one left), were operated on for involutional entropion by the Jones procedure. Before and after the surgery, the lower eyelid gradient ...

Solid-cast forming actinomycotic canaliculitis is an uncommon cause of unilateral chronic red eye resistant to conventional topical medical therapy. The authors report the history of a 62-year old woman who was complaining of mucopurulent discharge from the right lower canaliculus for a period of 12 months. Culture yielded a few ...

Pituitary apoplexy is a rare clinical syndrome caused by sudden haemorrhaging or infarction of the pituitary gland, generally within a pituitary adenoma. Headache of sudden and severe onset is the main symptom, associated with visual disturbances or ocular palsy. Signs of meningeal irritation or altered consciousness may complicate the diagnosis. ...

Idiopathic diffuse hyperplasia of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (IDHPNC) is a rare disorder that most often presents clinically as obliterative bronchiolitis, but has also been associated with ectopic corticotropin syndrome. We describe a 49-year-old lifetime non-smoking female with longstanding cough, progressive exertional dyspnoea, and fixed airflow limitation, who presented with acromegaly. ...

We present a 37-year-old female, who was admitted with a long standing history of menstrual abnormalities and galactorrhoea followed by progressive visual loss. X-ray of the skull showed an enlarged sella with destruction of the floor. CT scan of the head revealed a giant pituitary adenoma with sellar and parasellar ...

This study used MRI to define preoperative imaging criteria for cavernous sinus invasion (CSI) by pituitary adenoma (PA). MR images of 103 patients with PA submitted to surgery (48 with CSI) were retrospectively reviewed. The following MR signs were studied and compared to intraoperative findings (the latter were considered the ...

A 71-year-old man was referred because of memory loss. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a pituitary macroadenoma associated with hydrocephalus. Marked hyperprolactinaemia was present. After 2 months of cabergoline therapy, magnetic resonance imaging showed tumour shrinkage with resolution of the hydrocephalus. We report, for the first time, the adequate and rapid ...

A 46-year-old man developed a pupil-involving incomplete third cranial nerve palsy after undergoing transsphenoidal resection of a pituitary macroadenoma. A CT scan 1 week later revealed postoperative changes, with no new mass lesion, hemorrhage, or orbital fracture. The third cranial nerve palsy spontaneously improved over the ensuing week. Postoperative ocular ...

The magnetic resonance (MR) identification of pituitary hyperintensity in the posterior part of the sella has been the most striking recent finding contributing to the diagnosis of "idiopathic" and permanent GH deficiency (GHD). Moreover, advancements in DNA technology have shed new light on the study of the genetic causes of ...

BACKGROUND: A technique to use the Medpor (porous high-density polyethylene) sheet as an optimal implant to reconstruct the sellar floor or the sphenoid rostrum in endonasal transsphenoidal surgery is described. METHOD: After endonasal transsphenoidal surgery, a 0.4-mm thick Medpor sheet is cut with scissors to a round or elliptical piece, ...

Hypophyseal tuberculoma is extremely rare. It may be confused with other more common sellar tumors such as adenomas. Characteristic, but not specific, radiological features are in the majority of cases: intense enhancement on contrast CT and thickening of the pituitary stalk better visible on MRI. We describe imaging findings in ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To compare uterine leiomyosarcomas (LMS) and leiomyomas (LM) with normal myometrium in terms of microvessel density (MVD), and to correlate this parameter with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and clinical/pathological parameters. METHODS: An immunohistochemical technique, using antibodies against von Willebrand factor (FvW), CD34, CD31, and VEGF, ...

Familial acromegaly without features of multiple endocrine neoplasie type 1 (MEN 1) is an exceptional clinical entity. We report in this article three cases of acromegaly due to pituitary macroadenomas without any other endocrinopathy in a family. A 31-year-old woman (subject A) and her 34-year-old sister (subject B) with elevated ...

Thyrotroph cell hyperplasia in primary hypothyroidism though well described is often not discussed as it remains clinically silent. This hyperplasia in long standing juvenile primary hypothyroidism presenting as 'pituitary tumor' is very uncommon. We report four patients with juvenile primary hypothyroidism, who were detected to have sellar/suprasellar masses on imaging ...

Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) has been linked to vascular central nervous system damage, although the pathophysiology of the mechanism has never been perfectly understood. Indeed, the vascular system of human pituitary gland has rarely been the subject of rigorous investigation except at postmortem. Recently, studies of pituitary gland blood supply ...

The purpose of this study was to compare cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of slave-making Polyergus rufescens ants reared alone or with their Formica rufibarbis slaves. Chemical analyses showed that due to the close contacts occurring when the Formica were tending the Polyergus, the synthesis of the cuticular hydrocarbons carried by the ...

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of florid Cushing's hormone (ACTH) secretion related to the presence of an esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB). METHODS: We present clinical, laboratory, and pathologic findings in a 36-year-old Caucasian man presenting with Cushing's syndrome. Results of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) scanning, ...

OBJECTIVE: Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and computed tomography (CT) findings of neurohypophyseal germinoma have not previously been described in detail. The purpose of the present study was to establish the spectrum of MR imaging and CT findings in neurohypophyseal germinomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR and CT images of 13 consecutive ...

A 47-year-old man presented with severe clinical hypoglycaemia. He had long-standing insulin-dependent diabetes with previously good glycaemic control. Intense headaches and vomiting initiated hospitalization. A brain computed tomography (CT) scan was normal, and a lumbar puncture showed elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein [0.67 g/L; normal range (NR) 0.15-0.45 g/L], suggesting ...

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of uncommon presentation of hemorrhagic Rathke's cleft cyst (RCC) extending into the cavernous sinus, causing diplopia. METHOD: We present clinical, radiologic, and histologic findings on this patient, and review related medical literature. RESULTS: A 34-year-old man presented with a 4-month duration of worsening left-sided headache ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate long-term compensation mechanisms of utricular function after translabyrinthine surgery for vestibular schwannoma. Correlations between the subjective visual horizontal (SVH) and subjective visual vertical (SVV) and other parameters of vestibular compensation were studied. The correlation between the SVH and SVV was also investigated to see whether these measurements ...

A 30-year-old woman presented in March 2000 with a six-year history of oligomenorrhoea followed by amenorrhoea. She was a known hepatitis B carrier and received interferon-alpha therapy from 1994 to 1997. She developed oligomenorrhoea three months after commencing interferon therapy. Endocrine investigation showed panhypopituitarism. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging showed a ...

The authors describe a unique case of a 2-year-old boy with a hypothalamic hamartoma secreting corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). The patient presented with a history of behavioral disturbances progressing over 12 months. His neurological status was intact. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a 1.8 x 1.6 x 1.2-cm isointense, nonenhancing hypothalamic lesion. ...

A male (30 years five months) who complained of mandibular prominence and masticatory dysfunction was diagnosed as a mandibular prognathic with acromegaly after cephalometric and endocrine examinations. The level of growth hormone (GH) subsequent to a transsphenoidal hypophysectomy had been controlled by medicines for about five years. Surgical orthodontic correction ...

Intracranial pathologies involving the visual pathway are manifold. Aligning to anatomy, the most frequent and/or most important extrinsic and intrinsic intracranial lesions are presented. Clinical symptoms and imaging characteristics of lesions of the sellar region are demonstrated in different imaging modalities. The extrinsic lesions mainly consist of pituitary adenomas, meningeomas, ...

Previously unsuspected pituitary tumors (incidentalomas) were analyzed in autopsies (4.8-27%) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (10-37%), most of them being micro-pituitary incidentalomas (PI). However, patients with PIs sometimes had macroadenomas which may relate to previously unsuspected neurological and/or endocrine abnormalities. This study aims to establish the incidence of macro- vs. ...

We report a 36-year-old woman with primary hypothyroidism revealed by postpartum amenorrhoea-galactorrhoea associated with hyperprolactinaemia and suprasellar pituitary enlargement on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). On thyroid hormone replacement therapy all clinical, biochemical, radiological and endocrine abnormalities disappeared. Hyperplasia of pituitary thyrotrophs and/or lactotrophs seems to be responsible for the pituitary ...

We report a Taiwanese boy who presented with apoplexy of a prolactinoma. A 12 9/12 year-old boy presented to our clinic with headache and visual deficit of bitemporal hemianopsia. Skull X-ray showed an enlarged sella. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the sella turcica showed a 4 x 2.5 x 2.5 ...

We report a case of anterior hypopituitarism showing recurrent pituitary mass associated with central diabetes insipidus. A 76-year old woman was hospitalized with general fatigue and 5 kg body weight loss. Endocrinological examinations and pituitary provocative tests demonstrated hypopituitarism and central diabetes insipidus. T1-weighted image of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ...

OBJECTIVE: A retrospective study was conducted in order to elucidate the clinicopathological significance of fibrous bodies, a hallmark of the sparsely granulated variant of GH-producing pituitary adenomas. METHODS: A total of 37 acromegalic patients, 14 men and 23 women, with pure GH adenomas were studied. Immunohistochemistry was performed with antibodies ...

We here: 1) describe the phenotypic spectrum, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearances of the pituitary stalk and anterior and posterior pituitary [H-P (hypothalamic-pituitary) axis], in children with optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) with or without an abnormal septum pellucidum (SP); and 2) define endocrine dysfunction according to the MRI findings. ...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the anatomic features of the pituitary gland region in horses via computed tomography (CT) and determine the accuracy of CT for estimating normal equine pituitary gland dimensions. ANIMALS: 25 adult horses with no clinical signs of pituitary disease. PROCEDURE: Transverse CT images and gross transverse tissue sections ...

An aggressive case of lymphocytic hypophysitis is described which was successfully treated with azathioprine after failure of corticosteroids. The patient, aged 53, had frontal headache, diplopia, and diabetes insipidus. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an intrasellar and suprasellar contrast enhancing mass with involvement of the left cavernous sinus and ...

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has extended the usefulness of imaging in evaluation of pelvic disorders associated with female infertility. The causes of female infertility include ovulatory disorders (ie, pituitary adenoma and polycystic ovarian syndrome), disorders of the fallopian tubes (ie, hydrosalpinx and pelvic inflammatory disease), uterine disorders (ie, müllerian duct ...

The authors report on the clinical features and imaging studies in a case of metastatic melanoma of the pituitary gland. Cerebral metastatic melanoma and pituitary metastasis from any source are commonly associated with systemic metastasis, whereas pituitary metastatic melanoma without widespread disease dissemination is distinctly rare. This 46-year-old man presented ...

Dynamic computed tomography (CT) of the pituitary gland was performed in 55 dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) that underwent transsphenoidal hypophysectomy. On routine contrast-enhanced CT images, microadenomas of the pituitary gland often are indistinguishable from nontumorous pituitary tissue because of isoattenuation. Dynamic CT may allow visualization of these adenomas. The ...

OBJECTIVE: To study the regional oxygen saturation (rSO(2)) of pituitary adenomas, in comparison with that of the pituitary gland. METHODS: Microspectrophotometric (MSP) measurements of rSO(2) in adenomas and pituitary tissue were performed for a series of patients undergoing first-time transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma surgery, in a standardized anesthesia setting. The areas ...

A 40-year-old female presented with growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary adenoma associated with primary moyamoya disease manifesting as amenorrhea, acromegaly, and transient ischemic attack. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed a tumor mass extending from the sella turcica to the suprasellar cistern, and MR angiography demonstrated stenoses in the bilateral internal carotid ...

Pituitary apoplexy (PA) is a rare but potentially life-threatening event. Typically, it results from hemorrhage into a pituitary adenoma, although cases affecting the intact gland have been reported. PA may occur spontaneously or in a setting of certain diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. The association of PA and contrast administration in ...

The diagnosis of an abnormal fontanel requires an understanding of the wide variation of normal. At birth, an infant has six fontanels. The anterior fontanel is the largest and most important for clinical evaluation. The average size of the anterior fontanel is 2.1 cm, and the median time of closure ...

A 71-yr-old man was admitted for further evaluation and trans-sphenoidal surgery of a pituitary tumor. He complained of impotence and decreased libido over a period of about 40 yr. Thirty-eight yr ago he was treated for bilateral gynecomastia with galactorrhea. Endocrinological investigation at presentation revealed only mild hyperprolactinemia and hypogonadotropic ...

A 38-year-old woman was admitted with severe thirst and polyuria at 31 weeks' gestation. The plasma concentration of vasopressin (AVP) was very low (0.73 pg/ml) under conditions of high plasma osmolality (316 mOsm/ kg). T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images revealed enlargement of the pituitary posterior lobe with absence of the ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: If venous congestion is the primary cause of pituitary gland enlargement in cases of dural arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs), other abnormal pituitary findings may be detectable on MR images. We sought to investigate the perfusion abnormality of the pituitary gland secondary to dural AVFs in the cavernous sinus ...

Pituitary duplication is a rare malformation, reported previously in approximately 18 patients. It is usually unsuspected before imaging, although it occurs most commonly in association with complicated midline and skull base anomalies. It is easily shown by MR imaging. Five new cases of pituitary duplication were diagnosed by using MR ...

The objective of this retrospective study was to estimate using magnetic resonance imaging the size range of the pituitary gland in cats who had no evidence of pituitary disease. The pituitary gland was measured from transverse and sagittal magnetic resonance postgadolinium T1-weighted images in 17 cats. The cats were 0.83 ...

A 67-year-old man with generalized fatigue and weight loss developed hyponatremia. Endocrinologic examination demonstrated panhypopituitarism. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a pituitary mass extending slightly to the suprasellar region. Transsphenoidal resection of the tumor was performed. Histological examination found exclusively granulomatous tissue with cholesterol clefts, and no epithelial component. This cholesterol ...

Magnetization transfer (MT) techniques provide tissue contrast which depends mainly on the concentration of macromolecules. The magnetization transfer phenomenon is determined by the restricted macromolecular protons and is quantified by the magnetization transfer ratio (MTR). Since many macromolecular structures are implicated in the secretory activity of the pituitary gland, this ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Edema-like change along the optic tract commonly occurs in association with craniopharyngiomas. The aim of this study was to clarify whether it occurs in association with other common pituitary region tumors and to elucidate its mechanism as seen on MR images. METHODS: Fifty patients with pituitary region ...

A 40-year-old woman presented with headache and diplopia after hypotension from postpartum hemorrhage. A noncontrasted cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an enlarged pituitary with a rim of slight increased signal. A repeat gadolinium-enhanced cranial MRI showed peripheral enhancement of the pituitary gland surrounding an isointense central area consistent with ...

Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging has been applied to a number of neurosurgical disease processes since the late 1990's. The ability to visualize the operative site in near-real time has added a significant degree of safety to the treatment of lesions such as a cystic craniopharyngioma which can be located in ...