The aim of this study was to validate the feasibility of assessing the efficacy of antiangiogenic therapy on VX2 tumors using three-dimensional computed tomographic (CT) angiography (CTA) combined with CT perfusion. Forty rabbits with VX2 tumors were randomly assigned to four groups according to different doses of antiangiogenic drug, which ...

Iodine-131 (I) whole-body scan is usually a routine practice for the management of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma after I therapy. The correct interpretation of radioiodine scans is critical and can avoid unnecessary therapeutic doses. I SPECT/CT plays an important role in the precise localization and characterization of I avid ...

Patient management in oncology increasingly relies on imaging for diagnosis, response assessment, and follow-up. The clinical availability of combined functional/anatomical imaging modalities, which integrate the benefits of visualizing tumor biology with those of high-resolution structural imaging, revolutionized clinical management of oncologic patients. Conventional high-resolution anatomical imaging modalities such as computed ...

Objectives: Multiple topical treatments are often required for clinical cure of mycotic rhinosinusitis in dogs. The objective of this study was to describe the distribution and retention of enilconazole and clotrimazole solutions using a temporary trephination protocol. Methods: Nine client-owned dogs diagnosed with mycotic rhinosinusitis between March 2008 and December ...

A 56-year-old man, recently diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, was referred for a FDG PET/CT scan to stage disease. Unexpected large fluid collections with FDG-avid peripheries and central photopenia were demonstrated in the abdomen and pelvis on the FDG PET/CT study. The collections were urgently drained with subsequent resolution. After antibiotic ...

Objective-To describe the anatomic features of dentition and surrounding structures of the head in rabbits assessed by use of a newly developed micro-computed tomography (CT) device. Sample-Cadavers of 7 clinically normal adult Dendermonde White domestic rabbits raised for human consumption. Procedures-The rabbits were slaughtered in a slaughterhouse, flayed, and decapitated; ...

Purpose: This study aims to demonstrate, using human cadavers the feasibility of energy-based adaptive focusing of ultrasonic waves using magnetic resonance acoustic radiation force imaging (MR-ARFI) in the framework of non-invasive transcranial high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy.Methods: Energy-based adaptive focusing techniques were recently proposed in order to achieve aberration ...

Key issues in early clinical trials of targeted agents include the determination of target inhibition, rational patient selection based on pre-treatment tumour characteristics, and assessment of tumour response in the absence of actual shrinkage. There is accumulating evidence that functional imaging using advanced techniques such as dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE)-magnetic ...

Active targeting by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) combined with nanosize superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) is a promising technology for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnosis. However, the clinical applicability of this technology has not been investigated using appropriate controls. It is important to evaluate the targeting technology using widely used clinical 1.5-Tesla ...

Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have attracted considerable attention for their application in biomedicine. Here, silica-coated NaGdF(4) :Yb,Er/NaGdF(4) nanoparticles with a tetrasubstituted carboxy aluminum phthalocyanine (AlC(4) Pc) photosensitizer covalently incorporated inside the silica shells were prepared and applied in the photodynamic therapy (PDT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of cancer cells. ...

Purpose:To assess the diagnostic performance of distributed human intelligence for the classification of polyp candidates identified with computer-aided detection (CAD) for computed tomographic (CT) colonography.Materials and Methods:This study was approved by the institutional Office of Human Subjects Research. The requirement for informed consent was waived for this HIPAA-compliant study. CT ...

INTRODUCTION: To assess the incidence and clinical significance of pneumoperitoneum after radiologic percutaneous gastrojejunostomy (PGJ) tube insertion. METHODS: Sixteen subjects were prospectively assessed after imaging-guided PGJ tube insertion to discern the incidence of pneumoperitoneum related to specific clinical signs and symptoms. Computed tomography of the abdomen and the pelvis was ...

Behavioral heterogeneity within a given patient cohort has been a major challenge in clinical practice and is probably most prominently observed in the field of oncology. This has been the prime impetus of the cutting-edge preclinical and clinical research studies over recent times, many of which seek to further stratify ...

There is considerable overlap in the clinical and imaging presentation of general orthopaedic conditions and musculoskeletal neoplasms. At centers that treat orthopaedic oncologic conditions, it is not uncommon to see patients with spine and extremity tumors previously treated for presumed general orthopaedic ailments. It is important for orthopaedic surgeons to ...

Coronary CT angiography is a rapidly growing technique that offers distinct advantages over traditional imaging techniques. However, because of rapid growth of this technique, radiation dose safety has been placed under the spotlight. There are several main determinants of total radiation dose, and these are outlined in this review. Integration ...

Fifteen months after implantation of a Jarvik 2000 left ventricle assistance device, a 60-year-old man developed infection at the percutaneous retroauricular skull-mounted pedestal. PET/CT demonstrated hypermetabolism in the left cutaneous retroauricular pedestal, on the thoracic internal cable, and in the left lung. A second F-18 FDG PET/CT performed after 3 ...

Background. A prolonged course of antibiotic therapy is often initiated for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) based on symptomatology. We examined differences in clinical manifestations and underlying conditions in patients with symptoms typical for CRS. CT scan abnormality of the sinuses was the gold standard for diagnosis of CRS.Methods. We performed a prospective observational ...

In this report, we describe a case of Weil disease. Chest x-ray and computed tomography (CT) findings showed temporary deterioration 1 day after the initiation of antibiotic treatment, and high-resolution CT findings with the patient's physical findings made us suspect pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage (PAH). We believed that the PAH had ...

Pyomyositis is the primary infection of the skeletal muscle. It is common in the tropics, but is increasingly being reported worldwide. It can affect immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common causative organism. Muscle histology and its culture remain the gold standard for diagnosis. However, among noninvasive ...

Advances in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) technology have allowed for reduction in radiation dosages as well as the miniaturization of CT scanner units. This has given rise to new applications for CT scanning, including point-of-care (POC) in-office and intraoperative applications. A review of recent changes to radiological modalities as ...

Point-of-care computed tomography (POC-CT) has become more feasible since the introduction of smaller imaging devices that deliver lower radiation doses. As the availability of this modality continues to increase, its impact on diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) must be evaluated. We conducted a study of ...

Complete agenesis of the bladder and urethra is an extremely rare congenital anomaly and most of these patients are stillborn or die during infancy. We report the case of a 1-month-old female infant with bladder and urethral agenesis who presented with bilateral dilated and tortuous ectopic ureters draining into the ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) can be used to assess the therapeutic response of brain abscess. A study was conducted on 10 consecutive patients with brain abscess. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with diffuse-weighted imaging (DWI) was performed at 3 and 6 ...

In spintronics, the ability to transport magnetic information often depends on the existence of a spin current traveling between two different magnetic objects acting as the source and probe. A large fraction of this information never reaches the probe and is lost because the spin current tends to travel omnidirectionally. We ...

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) therapy is recognised as a safe and effective treatment option for osteoid osteoma. This case report describes a 27-year-old man who underwent computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous RFA for a femoral osteoid osteoma, which was diagnosed based on his clinical presentation and CT findings. The patient developed worsening ...

Adjacent calvarial hyperostosis is commonly used to aid in the radiological diagnosis of a meningioma. While occasionally reported in dural non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), adjacent calvarial hyperostosis has not been reported with systemic presentation of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). We report the first patient with systemic HL presenting as an extra-axial mass ...

The present study focuses on a micro-PET/CT application to be used for experimental Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT), which integrates, in the same frame, micro-CT derived anatomy and PET radiotracer distribution. Preliminary results have demonstrated that (18)F-fluoroethyl-tyrosine (FET)/PET allows the identification of the extent of cerebral lesions in F98 tumor ...

: Although several studies have examined the relationship between physical activity and knee osteoarthritis, the effect of physical activity on knee joint health is unclear. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the relationships between physical activity and individual joint structures at the knee. : Computer-aided searches were ...

After De΄s pivotal demonstration in 1959 of a diarrhoeogenic exo-enterotoxin in cell-free culture filtrates from Vibrio cholerae (of classical biotype), much insight has been gained about cholera toxin (CT), which is arguably now the best known of all microbial toxins. The subunit structure and function of CT, its receptor (the ...

Pituitary abscess is a rare but potentially life-threatening infectious process. Diagnosis is challenging as symptoms are non-specific and signs of infection may be absent. We report the case of a previously healthy 17-year-old male who presented with worsening headaches, polyuria, polydipsia and no clinical signs of infection. On evaluation, he ...

To determine the accuracy of ultrasonography (US) in the evaluation of degenerative changes in the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ). Ten cadaveric specimens were obtained. US evaluation of cartilage degeneration and thickness was performed by two independent and blinded readers (R1 and R2). Gross anatomy and MR arthrography evaluated by two ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the chondrogenic potential of magnetically labeled synovium-derived cells (M-SDCs) and examine whether M-SDCs could repair the articular cartilage using an intra-articular magnet after delivery to the lesion. Synovium-derived cells (SDCs) were cultured from the synovium of a rat knee, and were magnetically ...

Delayed gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging of cartilage is used to quantify the proteoglycan loss in early osteoarthritis. It is assumed that T1 after Gd-DTPA administration in the near equilibrium state reflects selective proteoglycan loss from cartilage. To investigate the influence of the collagen network integrity on contrast accumulation, the relaxation rates ...

To study the role of vastus lateralis/vastus medialis cross-sectional area CSA ratio (VL/VM CSA ratio) in preclinical knee osteoarthritis (OA) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based cartilage T2 mapping technique and morphological analysis at 3.0T in non-symptomatic, middle-aged subjects. 174 non-symptomatic individuals aged 45-55 years with OA risk factors were selected ...

Ultrashort echo-time enhanced T2∗ (UTE-T2∗) mapping of articular cartilage is a novel quantitative MRI technique with the potential to visualize deep cartilage characteristics better than standard T2 mapping. The feasibility and intersession repeatability of UTE-T2∗ mapping of cartilage in vivo has not previously been evaluated. Eleven asymptomatic subjects underwent repeat ...

Noninvasive monitoring of matrix development in tissue-engineered cartilage constructs would permit ongoing assessment with the ability to modify culture conditions during development to optimize tissue characteristics. In this study, chondrocytes seeded in a collagen hydrogel were exposed for 20 min/day to pulsed low-intensity ultrasound (PLIUS) at 30 mWcm(-2) and cultured for ...

The study's purpose was to assess the effect of multiplanar reconstruction on precision of weight-bearing medial and lateral femoral cartilage (cMF, cLF) morphometry in maloriented coronal MR images. Twenty knees were scanned four times with a 1.0 Tesla extremity imager using a fat-suppressed T1-weighted three-dimensional spoiled gradient recalled echo sequence; ...

The clinical role of patellofemoral (PF) osteoarthrosis (OA) in the outcome after PF stabilizing surgery is poorly understood. The study hypothesis was that PF cartilage lesions and OA are associated with a poor long-term outcome after PF stabilizing surgery. The study cohort included thirty-seven patients who underwent PF stabilizing surgery ...

This pilot study defines the feasibility of cartilage assessment in symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement patients using intra-articular delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (ia-dGEMRIC). Nine patients were scanned preliminary to study the contrast infiltration process into hip joint cartilage. Twenty-seven patients with symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement were subsequently scanned with intra-articular delayed gadolinium-enhanced ...

To examine T(1ρ) (T1rho) and T(2) quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in evaluating cartilage regeneration following microfracture (MFx) and mosaicplasty (MOS) cartilage resurfacing procedures. Eighteen patients underwent MFx and eight patients underwent MOS to treat symptomatic focal cartilage defects. Quantitative T(1ρ) and T(2) maps were acquired at 3-6 months and ...

This case report describes the incidental finding of a calcified ligamentum arteriosum during post-mortem CT examination. The calcification of the ligament was confirmed at autopsy. Subsequent histological examination revealed the presence of cartilage-like and bone-like tissue as well as extended calcification areas. The importance of not confusing this normal post-mortem ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether T1-mapping of hip joint with intra-articular delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of cartilage (ia-dGEMRIC) is comparable to the already established intravenous (iv)-technique for assessing different grades of cartilage degeneration. The study cohort consisted of 53 patients with symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement ...

OBJECTIVE: MRI is commonly used to evaluate the articular cartilage of the knee and hip joints in clinical practice. This article will discuss the advantages and limitations of currently available MRI techniques for evaluating articular cartilage. CONCLUSION: Because of its high spatial resolution, multiplanar capability, and excellent tissue contrast, MRI ...

A 30-year-old man presented with a painful intraarticular lesion in the knee, clinically simulating osteoid osteoma. Pretherapeutic imaging disclosed a focal articular cartilage defect located in the medial femoral condyle and surrounded by extensive bone marrow edema. The defect was inaccessible for arthroscopic treatment because of its unusual posterosuperior location. ...

To evaluate the feasibility of delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the cartilage of metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared with that in control subjects. Institutional review board approval and informed consent were obtained. Thirty-one MCP joints in 10 patients with RA (mean age, 59 ...

Bone marrow derived cell transplantation (BMDCT) has been recently suggested as a possible surgical technique to repair osteochondral lesions. To date, no qualitative MRI studies have evaluated its efficacy. The aim of our study is to investigate the validity of MRI T2-mapping sequence in characterizing the reparative tissue obtained and ...

The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether an increased quadriceps angle (Q-angle) has an effect on patellar positioning and/or the thickness of the medial and lateral tibiofemoral and patellofemoral articular cartilage and menisci, in a group of young asymptomatic individuals. These individuals were detected in a previous ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility of sodium 7-T magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in repaired tissue and native cartilage of patients after matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte transplantation (MACT) and compare results with delayed gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) at 3 T. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ethical approval was provided by the local ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate meniscal degeneration in healthy subjects and subjects with osteoarthritis (OA) using T(1ρ) and T(2) measurements and to examine the interrelationship between cartilage and meniscus abnormalities. Quantitative assessment of cartilage and meniscus was performed using 3T Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) with a T(1ρ) ...

Teratoma formation in xenografts is a sufficiently stringent pluripotency assay for stem cells. However, little is known about the composition and spatial relationships of tissues within teratomas that may provide clues about development and platforms for studying organ development. Additionally, teratoma formation and analysis lack standards for reporting as assays ...