OBJECTIVES: To date, high-resolution ultrasound (US) has not been fully exploited in the field of crystalline arthropathy. Both gout and calcium pyrophosphate deposition (CPPD) disease are significant diseases within the purview of the rheumatologist. The aim of this pictorial review was to present the principal findings in patients with crystal ...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the topography and to measure thicknesses, surface areas and volumes in the cartilage layers of the ankle. METHODS: Twelve cadaveric ankle joints were disarticulated and the cartilage surfaces of each bone were imaged with a highly accurate (+/-2 microm) stereophotography system (ATOS). The cartilage was then dissolved ...

Ossification of collateral cartilages is a common radiographic finding in draught horses and indication of a high frequency of interphalangeal osteo-arthropathy have been found in Ardenner horses. This study first aimed at following the evolution of the digits of the forelimbs on radiographic images in a group of 32 Ardenner ...

We have developed X-ray refraction-based computed tomography (CT) that is able to visualize soft tissue in between hard tissue. The experimental system consists of Si(220) diffraction double-crystals and is called the DEI (diffraction-enhanced imaging) method, in which the object is located between the crystals and a CCD camera to acquire ...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To measure signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast, and relaxation times (T1 and T2) in human knee joint at 7.0T whole-body scanner. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MRI experiments were performed on a 7.0T Siemens whole-body scanner using an 18-cm diameter transmit/receive knee coil. Normalized SNR and relaxation times (T1 and ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to use the Kellgren-Lawrence, Ahlback, and Brandt grading scales to correlate radiographic grade of osteoarthritis with the actual degree of articular cartilage degeneration within the tibiofemoral joint in patients with chronic knee pain. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 125 patients ...

OBJECTIVE: To study the adaptation process and extent of articular cartilage in the canine knee joint to different modes of movements and to investigate if levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), matrix metalloproteinases-1 (MMP-1), matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3), and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) in serum and synovial fluid ...

The aim of the study was to ascertain whether spiking of the tibial tubercle is associated with cartilage defects detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee joint. Angulation of the tip of the medial and lateral tubercles, and the height of the tubercles ...

BACKGROUND: Tissue engineering has emerged as a potential therapeutic option for cartilage regeneration. HYPOTHESIS: Hyaluronan-based scaffolds seeded with autologous chondrocytes are a viable treatment for damaged articular surface of the patellofemoral joint. STUDY DESIGN: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: Thirty-two chondral lesions with a mean size of 4.7 ...

PURPOSE: To determine the feasibility of the vastly undersampled isotropic projection reconstruction steady-state free precession (VIPR-SSFP) sequence for evaluating the articular cartilage of the knee joint. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A magnetic resonance (MR) examination of the knee was performed on 33 subjects using a GE 1.5T scanner and a phased-array ...

PURPOSE: Applying regenerated cartilage in a clinical setting requires noninvasive evaluation to detect the maturity of cartilage tissue. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of articular cartilage is well accepted and has been applied clinically in recent years. We attempt to establish a noninvasive method to evaluate the maturity of regenerated cartilage ...

MRI is one of the most accurate imaging methods available to diagnose disorders of articular cartilage. Conventional two-dimensional and three-dimensional approaches show changes in cartilage morphology. Newer and substantially faster three-dimensional imaging methods show great promise to improve MRI of cartilage. These methods may allow acquisition of fluid-sensitive isotropic data ...

During animal experiments, carbon dioxide (CO(2)) and air were used as a novel contrast agent for direct magnetic resonance arthrography (MRAr). MRAr was performed after injection of CO(2) and air in the knee joints of two pigs. MR images of phantoms containing air, CO(2) and nitrogen were compared. After intra-articular ...

Surgical articular cartilage repair therapies for cartilage defects such as osteochondral autograft transfer, autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) or matrix associated autologous chondrocyte transplantation (MACT) are becoming more common. MRI has become the method of choice for non-invasive follow-up of patients after cartilage repair surgery. It should be performed with cartilage ...

PURPOSE: To retrospectively assess the diagnostic performance of the short inversion time inversion-recovery (STIR) magnetic resonance (MR) sequence for depiction and classification of articular cartilaginous lesions in femorotibial joint, with arthroscopy as reference standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Institutional review board did not require approval and informed consent for review of ...

PURPOSE: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been commonly used for the preoperative evaluation of recurrent lateral patellar dislocation (RLPD). The purpose of this study was to determine the usefulness of high-resolution MRI (HR-MRI) with a microscopy coil for diagnosing RLPD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 15 patients ...

Models representing the pore structures of amorphous, mesoporous silica pellets have been constructed using magnetic resonance images of the materials. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), maps of the macroscopic (approximately 0.01-1 mm) spatial distribution of porosity and pore size were obtained. The nature and key parameters of the physical mechanism ...

OBJECTIVE: To develop a method to determine the distribution of articular cartilage in the hip and to evaluate the potential of the method in a study of normal weight-bearing effects in asymptomatic young volunteers. DESIGN: Six volunteers were scanned after periods of standing and lying supine, using 3D gradient-echo magnetic ...

Trochlear dysplasia is an important anatomical abnormality in symptomatic patellar instability. Our study assessed the mismatch between the bony and cartilaginous morphology in patients with a dysplastic trochlea compared with a control group. MRI scans of 25 knees in 23 patients with trochlear dysplasia and in 11 patients in a ...

PURPOSE: To investigate the comparability of two osteoarthritis (OA) surrogate endpoints--average cartilage thickness and cartilage volume--acquired from healthy volunteers on two 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems from different manufacturers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten knees of five healthy volunteers were scanned on a 3.0T General Electric (GE) and a 3.0T ...

OBJECTIVE: To aid in detection of osteoarthritis (OA) progression in serial magnetic resonance (MR) scans, we assessed feasibility and accuracy of rapid 3D image registration of the tibial plateau in normal and arthritic subjects, and inter-scan reliability of semi-automated cartilage volume measurement from these images. DESIGN: Two T1 fat-suppressed knee ...

Using 36.0 keV X-ray from synchrotron radiation, we examined the optimized angular position of Laue analyzer for depicting articular cartilage of an intact human finger by X-ray dark-field imaging. The surface of articular cartilage was depicted clearly by adopting the offset angle of 0.04 arcsec to lower angular side to ...

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the ability of a novel radiographic technique, Diffraction Enhanced Radiographic Imaging (DEI), to render high contrast images of canine knee joints for identification of cartilage lesions in situ. METHODS: DEI was carried out at the X-15A beamline at Brookhaven National Laboratory on intact canine knee joints with ...

BACKGROUND: The objective of this investigation was to determine the inter- and intraobserver agreement when assessing embryo quality. METHODS: This investigation included 4002 cleaved embryos from 7535 oocytes retrieved in 688 patients undergoing IVF cycles in a multicentre trial. Embryos were evaluated locally at the inverted microscope at 28, 44 ...

The equilibrium Young's modulus of articular cartilage is known to be primarily determined by proteoglycans (PGs). However, the relation between the Poisson's ratio and the composition and structure of articular cartilage is more unclear. In this study, we determined Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of bovine articular cartilage in unconfined ...

OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of meniscal tears and meniscal malposition as risk factors for subsequent cartilage loss in subjects with symptomatic osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS: Study subjects were patients with symptomatic knee OA from the Boston Osteoarthritis of the Knee Study. Baseline assessments included knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with ...

This study concerns speaking voice quality in a group of male teachers (n = 35) and male actors (n = 36), as the purpose was to investigate normal and supranormal voices. The goal was the development of a method of valid perceptual evaluation for normal to supranormal and resonant voices. ...

The radiological methods to determine patellar height described in the literature are variable, not reliable and depend on the chosen ratio. The purpose of this paper is to describe another method of measuring patellar height on sagittal MRI using the true articular cartilage patellotrochlear relationship. An analysis of magnetic resonance ...

PURPOSE: To prospectively evaluate delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of cartilage for assessment of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) concentration in reparative cartilage after autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was approved by the ethics review committee of the National Institute of Radiological Sciences, and informed consent was obtained ...

This study aimed to verify whether the resonant voice based on Lessac's Y-Buzz can be perceived by listeners as resonant and different from habitual voice and to compare them to determine whether this sound exploration improves the vocal production. Nine newly graduated actors, six men and three women without voice ...

The severity of scaling disorders can be evaluated objectively using the D-Squame((R)) technique coupled with image analysis. The parameters of scaling derived using this approach need to be clinically relevant and should have greater discrimination than visual grading. Improvements to an existing method that fulfil these requirements are presented. Three ...

OBJECTIVES: We sought to compare patellar cartilage volume and thickness measurement between 3D-FLASH and 3D-True fast imaging with steady-state precession (FISP) image data at 3.0 T. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One knee each of 6 healthy adults was examined by axial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed with a 3D-fast flow angle ...

Until recently, imaging evaluation of osteoarthritis has relied primarily on conventional radiography. Using radiography in clinical practice or clinical research, however, has been fraught with difficulty. Techniques for reproducibly acquiring serial radiographs of joints have improved considerably over the past several years. However, the greatest promise for advancing knowledge about ...

BACKGROUND: Osteochondral autografts and allografts have been widely used in the treatment of isolated grade IV articular cartilage lesions of the knee. However, the authors are not aware of any study that has prospectively compared fresh osteochondral autografts to fresh allografts with regard to imaging, biomechanical testing, and histology. HYPOTHESIS: ...

PURPOSE: To retrospectively determine at magnetic resonance (MR) imaging the prevalence of subchondral bone marrow edema beneath arthroscopically proved articular cartilage defects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was performed in compliance with HIPAA regulations, and a waiver of informed consent was obtained from the institutional review board before the study ...

Delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) was used for the measurement of relative proteoglycan depletion of articular cartilage in the patellofemoral (PF) joint following a proprietary protocol, which was compared with the X-ray images, proton density weighted MR images (PDWI) and arthroscopic findings. The study examined 30 knees. The ages ...

Transplantation of microencapsulated cells shows potential to treat a variety of diseases. To improve the quality of microcapsules, efficient methods need to be established and standardized for the evaluation of biocompatibility of microcapsules. To this end, a microscopical method was developed to analyze quantitatively the degree of fibrotic overgrowth (FO), ...

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) were used to evaluate the properties different scaffold geometries for the production of bioartificial meniscal cartilage constructs. Engineered were generated in perfusion bioreactors from mature sheep meniscal fibrochondrocytes,scaffolds cut from a knitted polyethylene therephtalate (PET) fabric, with a distribution of fibers, 50 microm ...

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with its unique ability to image and characterize soft tissue non-invasively, has proven valuable in assessing cartilage in OA. The development of new, fast imaging methods with high contrast show promise to improve the magnetic resonance (MR) ...

OBJECTIVES: As the early form of OA is characterized by elevated water content in the cartilage tissue, the purpose of this study was to verify in vivo if age-related changes in patellar cartilage in healthy volunteers can be detected using quantitative MRI with T2 mapping and volume measurement MRI methods. ...

OBJECTIVE: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a three-dimensional imaging technique with unparalleled ability to evaluate articular cartilage. This report reviews the current status of morphological assessment of cartilage with quantitative MRI (qMRI), and its relevance for identifying disease status, and monitoring progression and treatment response in knee osteoarthritis (OA). METHOD: ...

Articular cartilage damage plays a major role in joint degeneration and dysfunction. Accurate assessment of the morphology and degree of cartilage wear is important in diagnosis, prognosis and management, particularly as many of these patients are young or participate in high-performance sports. Magnetic resonance imaging is able to directly evaluate ...

Articular cartilage is comprised of three histologic zones that exhibit different Young's moduli. In addition, with age and disease the moduli can be altered. Therefore,diagnosis of joint diseases can be accomplished by detecting biomechanical properties of articular cartilage. In this report we investigate the feasibility of ultrasound elastography of bovine ...

Williams-Campbell syndrome, a rare disorder, is characterized by a congenital deficiency of cartilage, typically involving the fourth to the sixth order bronchi, and resulting in expiratory airway collapse and bronchiectasis. The authors report a patient with Williams-Campbell syndrome with type II respiratory failure due to extensive cystic bronchiectasis and secondary ...

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides a sensitive tool for examining all the structures involved in the osteoarthritis (OA) process. While much of the MRI literature previously focussed on cartilage, there is increasing research on whole-organ evaluation and including features such as synovitis, bone marrow edema, and meniscal and ligamentous pathology. ...

The influence of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) devices at high field strengths on living tissues is unknown. We investigated the effects of a 3-tesla electromagnetic field (EMF) on the biosynthetic activity of bovine articular cartilage. Bovine articular cartilage was obtained from juvenile and adult animals. Whole joints or cartilage explants ...

The objective of this study was to further explore the cartilage volume changes in knee osteoarthritis (OA) over time using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI). These were correlated with demographic, clinical, and radiological data to better identify the disease risk features. We selected 107 patients from a large trial (n ...

BACKGROUND: Osteochondral autografts have recently become popular to treat articular cartilage defects, and they are used for unstable osteochondritis dissecans lesions as a means of biological fixation. PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical results of osteochondral autograft transfer for osteochondritis dissecans of the elbow. STUDY DESIGN: Case series; Level of evidence, ...

The assessment of articular cartilage using magnetic resonance imaging has seen considerable advances in recent years. Cartilage morphologic characteristics can now be evaluated with a high degree of accuracy and reproducibility using dedicated pulse sequences, which are becoming standard at many institutions. These techniques detect clinically unsuspected traumatic cartilage lesions, ...

Although resonant voice therapy is a widely used therapeutic approach, little is known about what characterizes resonant voice and how it is physiologically produced. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that resonant voice is produced by narrowing the laryngeal vestibule and is characterized by first formant ...