Scurvy is a lethal but treatable disease that is rare in industrialized countries. Caused by vitamin C deficiency, it is most prevalent in persons of low socioeconomic status and smokers. Low levels of circulating vitamin C result in poor collagen fiber formation that, in turn, leads to demineralized bones, microfractures, ...

INTRODUCTION: There is no clear radiologic or pathologic agreement on the differences between enchondroma and conventional chondrosarcoma, which has huge therapeutic consequences. Microscopically, an enchondroma is composed of "islands of intramedullary hyaline cartilage surrounded by marrow fat", and a chondrosarcoma a "diffuse cartilaginous replacement (invasion) of the marrow which leads ...

The purpose of this study is to describe an imaging method based on a CT technique, CT antegrade colonography, for the evaluation of low anastomosis and to evaluate the value of CT antegrade colonography before early ileostomy closure after proctectomy in low rectal endometriosis. One hundred ninety-five patients referred for ...

Sodium MRI has been shown to be highly specific for glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content in articular cartilage, the loss of which is an early sign of osteoarthritis (OA). Quantitative sodium MRI techniques are therefore under development in order to detect and assess early biochemical degradation of cartilage, but due to low ...

2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D: -glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) has been used as a promising tool to diagnose primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma because the tumor shows very high FDG accumulation. Although (11)C-methionine (MET) PET has been reported to be useful for evaluating various brain tumors, the role of MET PET ...

Extramedullary plasmacytomas are rare tumors. To the best of our knowledge, only very few cases have been previously reported on positron emission tomography (PET) with the glucose analog 2-deoxy-2-[F-18] fluoro-D-glucose (F-18 FDG), which showed markedly increased F-18 FDG accumulation in the primary lesions. We present a new case with FDG ...

A 38-year-old man presented with fever, low back pain, orchialgia, and weight loss for two months. He had recently begun dialysis. Laboratory studies revealed CRP 16.0 mg/dl and sCr 13.08 mg/dl. FDG PET/CT demonstrated uptake in a periaortic mass, medium sized visceral arteries, hydronephrosis. Histological examination of the mass revealed ...

Microscopic chorionic pseudocyst (MCP) arising in the chorion leave of the human fetal membrane (FM) is a clinical precursor for preeclampsia which may progress to fatal medical conditions (e.g., abortion) if left untreated. To examine the utility of three-dimensional (3D) optical coherence tomography (OCT) for noninvasive delineation of the morphology ...

PURPOSE: To compare conspicuity and detection rate of hypointense lesions on T1-weighted (T1w) gradient echo (GRE) sequences with low and high flip angles (FA) in hepatocyte phase magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using gadoxetate disodium. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)-compliant study was Institutional Review Board ...

Ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (USPIOs) have attracted attention because of their current and potential usefulness as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). USPIOs are usually used for their significant capacity to produce predominant proton relaxation effects, which result in signal reduction. However, most ...

The aim of this study was to compare different analysis methods of 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D: -glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data for prediction of histopathological response (HPR) to neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (RCTx) in patients with advanced rectal cancer. Twenty-eight patients of a previously published clinical trial underwent serial ...

To assess the diagnostic value of O-2-fluoro-18(F)-ethyl-L: -tyrosine ((18)F-FET) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma compared with 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D: -glucose ((18)F-FDG) PET/CT at initial staging and following radiochemotherapy. Thirteen patients were prospectively enrolled; each of them underwent an (18)F-FDG PET/CT and (18)F-FET ...

F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) typically demonstrates prominent thymus uptake in normal children and young adults. A 12-year-old girl presenting with back pain and respiratory discomfort underwent an FDG PET/CT examination that demonstrated an anterior mediastinal mass with relatively low FDG uptake and an apparently separate FDG-positive nodular ...

The aim of this study was to assess independent predictors of 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D: -glucose ((18)F-FDG) uptake in brown adipose tissue (BAT) in patients undergoing repeated positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) scans. Eight hundred forty-eight (mean age 50.9 ± 16 years) patients in whom PET/CT scan was repeated (mean interval 5 ± 1.5 months) constituted the study ...

Purpose: In current computed tomography (CT) examinations, the associated x-ray radiation dose is of a significant concern to patients and operators. A simple and cost-effective means to perform the examinations is to lower the milliampere-seconds (mAs) or kVp parameter (or delivering less x-ray energy to the body) as low as ...

PURPOSE: To verify that low-frequency planar ultrasound can be used to disrupt the BBB in large animals, and the usefulness of MRI to quantitatively monitor the delivery of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles into the disrupted regions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two groups of swine subjected to craniotomy were sonicated with ...

PURPOSE: To determine whether hepatocyte phase gadoxetic acid disodium (EOB)-enhanced MRI using a high flip angle (FA) improves focal liver lesion (FLL) detection compared with using a standard low FA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-two consecutive patients with 159 FLLs underwent EOB-enhanced MRI during the hepatocyte phase at 5, 10, 15, ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:The sinonasal region is a platform for a broad spectrum of benign and malignant diseases, and image-based differentiation between benign and malignant diseases in this area is often difficult. Here, we evaluated multiparametric MR imaging with combined use of TICs and ADCs for the differentiation between benign and ...

Objective: The aim of this study was to correlate the MRI appearance and pathological findings in each grade of the mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) of the parotid gland. Methods: We reviewed surgically proven MECs of parotid glands in 20 patients. Pathologically, 5 tumours were high-grade, 3 were intermediate and 12 were ...

High- and low-field magnetic resonance (MR) imaging systems are available for clinical diagnosis of collateral desmopathy of the equine distal interphalangeal joint (DIJ). Knowledge of the normal appearance, size, shape,and signal variation of these ligaments on high- and low-field MR images is essential when assessing desmopathy detected by MR imaging. ...

To evaluate and describe computed tomographic (CT) and endoscopic (ES) imaging findings in patients with pathologically confirmed upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract heterotopic pancreas (HP). Findings from imaging examinations in 11 patients with pathologically confirmed HP were retrospectively reviewed (CT images obtained from 11 patients and ES images from 6 patients ...

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal primary brain tumor in adults. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is routinely used in the diagnosis, characterization and clinical management of GBM. The diagnosis and treatment of GBM is largely guided by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. This study aimed to identify the relationship ...

The use of the functional PET information from PET-CT scans to improve liver segmentation from low-contrast CT data is yet to be fully explored. In this paper, we fully utilize PET information to tackle challenging liver segmentation issues including (1) the separation and removal of the surrounding muscles from liver ...

To evaluate the relationship between the signal intensity of hepatobiliary phase images on gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histological grade. Fifty-nine patients with 82 hepatocellular lesions were evaluated retrospectively. Hepatobiliary phase images on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI were classified into 3 groups: low, iso or high. Angiography-assisted computed tomography ...

Some patients cannot remain immobile for a long duration of 60 min, which is generally applied in the case of a 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D: -glucose ([(18)F]FDG) dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) scan. We investigated the change of the parametric values when the time duration of PET data was shortened. Eight normal subjects and ...

The purpose of this article is to prospectively compare visualization of central and peripheral pulmonary arteries on simultaneously acquired low-energy and standard pulmonary CT angiography. Thirty-three consecutive patients (20 women and 13 men; mean age, 55.6 years; range, 21-92 years) with suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) were scanned (140 kVp; 250-300 ...

In this paper we report a method to automatically segment the internal part of globus pallidus (GPi) on the pre-operative low-resolution magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of patients affected by Parkinson's disease. Herein we used an ultra-high resolution human brain dataset as electronic atlas of reference on which we segmented the ...

Our purpose was to increase the knowledge about subcortical low-intensity images on long repetition time by describing brain magnetic resonance images of a young boy after his first spontaneous seizure. Evident in the epileptogenic area were transient images of reversible subcortical low intensity on long-repetition time, T2*-weighted, and b = ...

Metglas 2705M is a low-cost commercially available, high-permeability cobalt-based magnetic alloy, provided as a 5.08-cm wide and 20.3-μm thick ribbon foil. We present an optimized construction technique for single-shell, large-scale (human-size), thin, open-ended cylindrical Metglas magnetic shields. The measured dc axial and transverse magnetic shielding factors of our 0.61-m diameter ...

PURPOSE: In this study, the potential contribution of Dixon-based MR imaging with a rapid low-resolution breath-hold sequence, which is a technique used for MR-based attenuation correction (AC) for MR/positron emission tomography (PET), was evaluated for anatomical correlation of PET-positive lesions on a 3T clinical scanner compared to low-dose CT. This ...

Bone marrow contains fat and water. Using magnetic resonance (MR) T1-weighted images, fat appears light gray and water appears dark gray. Black or low signal structures include normal cortical bone, bone islands, hemosiderin deposits, calcification, ossification, metal artifact, gas, and foreign material. Reactivation of bone marrow reduces the signal of ...

Purpose: To evaluate the potential of apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) obtained at quantitative diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the breast as a biomarker of low-grade ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was approved by an institutional review board, and the requirement to obtain informed ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the image quality and diagnostic performance of low-dose MDCT and CT enterography with adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) in the evaluation of Crohn disease. Forty-eight patients (20 men, 28 women; mean age, 33.3 years; range, 17-83 years) with known or suspected Crohn ...

Ultra-low field (ULF) MRI with a pulsed prepolarization is a promising method with potential for applications where conventional high-, mid-, and low-field medical MRI cannot be used due to cost, weight, or other restrictions. Previously, successful ULF demonstrations of anatomical imaging were made using liquid helium-cooled SQUIDs and conducted inside ...

OBJECTIVES:: To analyze the influence of multiplanar reformations of thin-collimated multidetector computed tomography datasets on low-contrast performance. MATERIALS AND METHODS:: A low-contrast phantom simulating focal hypodense lesions (-20 HU object contrast) was scanned on a 64-slice spiral CT scanner at 4 different dose levels (25 mAs, 50 mAs, 100 mAs, ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact on lesion detectability of fast imaging protocols using 18F-FDG and a 3-dimensional LSO-based PET/CT scanner. An anthropomorphic thoracic phantom was used simulating the anatomical structures of radioactivity distribution for the upper torso of an underweight patient. Irregularly shaped targets of ...

To evaluate whether 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) more accurately predicts the histopathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) than magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Sixteen patients with HNSCC underwent FDG-PET/CT and MRI scans before and after one cycle of NAC, ...

OBJECTIVE: Quantitative image quality assessment in terms of image noise (IN), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in relation to required radiation dose (RD) for dual-energy (DE), standard and low-kVp contrast-enhanced computed-tomography (CT) cholangiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For each of 22 DECT-cholangiography examinations, 3 image datasets were analyzed as ...

BACKGROUND.: Cystic lymph node metastasis (CLNM) is commonly found in human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy in detecting cystic lymph node metastasis from tonsillar SCC between contrast-enhanced CT, (18) F- fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), non-enhanced (18) F-FDG-PET/CT, and ...

Low-field (LF) (0.2-0.4T) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging predominates in veterinary practice. Advantages of LF MR include reduced costs, better patient access, and greater safety. High quality examinations can be achieved using appropriate protocols and investing more scanning time than with high-field (HF) systems. The main disadvantage of LF MR is ...

Optimal staging and evaluation of residual lesions of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are major challenges in the immunocompromised host. Preliminary data have suggested that [¹⁸F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([¹⁸F]FDG) uptake may be observed in the course of active invasive fungal infections. The aim of this study was to assess the role of positron ...

: This purpose of this study was to analyze the computed tomography (CT) findings of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with bile duct tumor thrombus (BDTT) and explore their correlations with pathological manifestations. : The clinical data, CT findings, and pathological manifestations of the 16 HCC patients with BDTT were retrospectively reviewed. ...

We compared 3'[F-18]fluoro-3'-deoxythymidine (FLT) positron emission tomography (PET) and 2-deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) for PET visualization of head and neck squamous cell cancers (HNSCCs) and evaluated which might better reflect proliferative activity as indicated by the Ki-67 index. A total of 43 patients with HNSCCs were examined with FLT-PET and FDG-PET. The ...

Vascular F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (F-FDG) uptake has been suggested as a means of identifying metabolically active atheroma, whereas vascular calcification is accepted as an indicator of atherosclerosis. This investigation describes the frequency and stability of F-FDG uptake and vascular calcification in the thoracic aorta on serial F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) ...

The purpose of the study was to assess the diagnostic performance of positron emission tomography/computed tomography and fluorodeoxyglucose (18F) (FDG PET/CT) for the staging and the follow-up of anal carcinoma, and to evaluate the impact of FDG PET/CT on patient management. Patients with anal carcinoma were referred to our department ...

Isoflurane is an inhaled halogenated hydrocarbon anesthetic commonly used for animal research. In our quest to develop a method for measuring bile acid transport in live animals using (19)F magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, it occurred to us that isoflurane, which contain five fluorines per molecule and is likely widely distributed, ...

¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) is a less invasive diagnostic tool and promising in detecting gastrointestinal lesions of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Co-registration of low-dose computed tomography (CT) could lead to improvements in the assessment of disease. Therefore, this retrospective study evaluates the value of PET±CT in pediatric ...

To compare the MRI-defined gross tumor volume (MR-GTV) to the metabolic tumor volume (Metabolic GTV) defined by FDG-PET in patients with cervical cancer. Forty seven patients with cervical cancer underwent FDG-PET/CT and MRI simulations. FDG-PET images were acquired with a spatial resolution of 5mm. MR imaging was performed on a ...

Tumor segmentation in PET and CT images is notoriously challenging due to the low spatial resolution in PET and low contrast in CT images. In this paper, we have proposed a general framework to use both PET and CT images simultaneously for tumor segmentation. Our method utilizes the strength of ...

Stercoral perforation can be defined as perforation of the bowel due to pressure necrosis from a faecal mass. It is an uncommon but life-threatening complication of unresolved faecal impaction. In this review, we highlight the important computed tomography (CT) findings of faecal impaction and stercoral perforation of the colon and ...