BACKGROUND: Unexpected focal colorectal fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake is becoming a common clinical dilemma with the increasing utilization of positron emission tomography (PET). These findings may subsequently reveal malignant or premalignant pathology. AIM: In addition to reporting the prevalence of clinically significant colonic pathology associated with unexpected focal FDG uptake, this ...

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to determine whether a preoperative fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) integrated with computed tomography (CT) (FDG-PET/CT) could be used as a guide for axillary node dissection (AND) or sentinel lymph node biopsy (SNB) in breast cancer patients. METHODS: Between February 2007 and April 2008, ...

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary cryptococcosis is an uncommon cause of pulmonary nodules found by (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ((18)F-FDG PET/CT) scans. It is rarely reported but may mislead interpretation. PURPOSE: To describe the (18)F-FDG PET/CT findings of pulmonary cryptococcosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The (18)F-FDG PET/CT images of seven patients with pulmonary ...

BACKGROUND: The deep-inspiration breath-hold F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography (DIBH F-FDG PET/CT) technique improves the limitations of diagnosing a lesion located in an area influenced by respiratory motion that brings about spatial misregistration caused by respiration between PET and CT. However, its clinical effectiveness with regard to abdominal lesions has not been ...

(18)F-FDG PET and, more recently, PET/CT have been established as response biomarkers for monitoring cytotoxic or cytoreductive cancer therapies. With the advent of targeted cancer therapies, which are predominantly cytostatic, (18)F-FDG PET is increasingly being used to monitor the therapeutic response to these agents as well. The impressive outcome of ...

Echocardiography (EC) plays a major role in diagnosing and monitoring the therapeutic response in infective endocarditis (IE) in routine practice. However in the setting of prosthetic valves or indwelling pacemakers, the EC findings are equivocal necessitating search for other diagnostic modalities. In these patients, (18)F-FDG/PET imaging may prove invaluable as ...

Anal cancer is an uncommon tumor with an incidence of about one case per 100,000 in most countries. Its incidence seems to be increasing because of exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human papillomavirus (HPV). Traditional pretreatment evaluations include physical examination and CT imaging of the pelvis. Current treatment ...

The purpose of this study was to prospectively and directly compare diagnostic capabilities of whole-body integrated FDG-PET/CT and standard radiologic examination for assessment of recurrence in postoperative non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. A total of 92 consecutive pathologically diagnosed NSCLC patients (65 males, 27 females; mean age, 71 years) ...

AIM: To evaluate the clinical usefulness of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission and computed tomography ((18)F-FDG PET/CT) in restaging of esophageal cancer after surgical resection and radiotherapy. METHODS: Between January 2007 and Aug 2008, twenty histopathologically diagnosed esophageal cancer patients underwent 25 PET/CT scans (three patients had two scans and one patient ...

PURPOSE: To establish whether (18)F-3'-deoxy-3'-fluoro-L-thymidine ((18)F-FLT) can monitor changes in cellular proliferation of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) during radical chemo-radiotherapy (chemo-RT). METHODS AND MATERIALS: As part of a prospective pilot study, 5 patients with locally advanced NSCLC underwent serial (18)F-FLT positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) scans during treatment. Baseline ...

Quantitative (18)F-FDG PET is increasingly being recognized as an important tool for diagnosis, determination of prognosis, and response monitoring in oncology. However, PET quantification with, for example, standardized uptake values (SUVs) is affected by many technical and physiologic factors. As a result, some of the variations in the literature on ...

For locally advanced cervical cancer, the current literature supports the use of (18)F-FDG PET for assessing treatment response 3 mo after the completion of concurrent chemoradiation. (18)F-FDG PET can provide reliable long-term prognostic information for these patients and, in the future, may be used to guide additional therapy. Investigational areas ...

Nodal involvement of abdominal lymphatic pathways occurs in a number of histologic subtypes of malignant lymphoma. The histologic diagnosis of abnormal uptake in abdominal lymphatic pathways includes mainly non-Hodgkin lymphoma with B-cell lineage and Hodgkin lymphoma. Initial involvement of pelvic and retroperitoneal lymphatic pathways can result from a variety of ...

Obesity results from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. In rodents and newborn humans, brown adipose tissue helps regulate energy expenditure by thermogenesis mediated by the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), but brown adipose tissue has been considered to have no physiologic relevance in adult humans. We analyzed ...

PURPOSE: In patients with soft-tissue sarcoma (STS), the early assessment of treatment responses is important. Using positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), we determined whether changes in tumor FDG uptake predict histopathologic treatment responses in high-grade STS after the initial cycle of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: From February ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Incidental positron-emission tomography (PET) uptake in the thyroid bed represents a diagnostic dilemma. Currently, there is no consensus regarding the significance of this finding or the most appropriate approach to management. The purpose of this study was to determine the significance of incidental fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in ...

A 20-year-old woman underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the spine for back pain, which demonstrated a solitary lesion in the T2 vertebral body suspicious for a metastasis. Subsequent computed tomography and bone scintigraphy identified several further sites of bony involvement but no primary malignancy. The patient was referred for F-18 ...

F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET-CT is increasingly used in the management of patients with ovarian cancer. However, there is a considerable overlap in the imaging features of malignant and benign ovarian lesions because physiological FDG-uptake in the ovaries can occur, depending on the menstrual cycle in premenopausal women.We present a case of ...

OBJECT: Intrinsic tumors arising in the dorsal midbrain cause obstructive hydrocephalus and have an indolent clinical course. Positron emission tomography (PET) with fluorine-18-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and l- [methyl-(11)C]methionine (MET) was used to evaluate the biological behaviors of dorsal midbrain tumors. METHODS: The authors report on 4 patients (3 males and ...

OBJECTIVE: (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scanning has been proposed as a new way of assessing disease activity in Takayasu arteritis (TA), but previous studies have used the nonvalidated National Institutes of Health (NIH) global activity criteria, and thus might be biased. This study was undertaken to determine the value of ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to illustrate the feasibility of fused whole-body MRI and PET for the evaluation of patients with cancer. CONCLUSION: MRI has proven to be superior to CT for studying several regions of the body, and PET FDG has become an established diagnostic tool in ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to illustrate the spectrum of common benign intraarticular and extraarticular disorders associated with focal (18)F-FDG uptake in the shoulder and pelvic areas in oncology patients referred for PET/CT. CONCLUSION: A wide spectrum of benign musculoskeletal disorders associated with focal FDG uptake may be ...

We report F-18 FDG PET-CT appearance of biopsy-proven intramuscular myxoma (IM) in a 69-year-old woman who presented with a left thigh mass. The tumor appears as a well-defined, hypodense mass with thin septation on CT images and mild uptake on PET images. IMs are rare benign myxoid tumors characterized by ...

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the efficacy of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose emission tomography (FDG-PET) and CT versus endoscopy with biopsy under general anesthesia for estimating tumor volume reduction among patients treated with induction chemotherapy for advanced squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oropharynx. METHODS: Twelve patients with oropharyngeal SCC nested in a phase II, ...

A 72-year-old woman was diagnosed as having a International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO II) stage cervical cancer with diffuse uterus corpus invasion without evidence of rectal or urinary bladder invasion as determined by endoscopic examinations. Recently, 2 sharp elevations of serum tumor marker squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were ...

A 60-year-old lady with mild fever, blood tinged sputum, and a left upper lung mass had whole body F-18 2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)-computer tomography (CT) for cancer staging. The PET-CT imaging revealed FDG accumulation in the left upper lung lesion. The histopathology of the left upper lobe lung ...

We report a case of a 70-year-old man with a history of prostatic adenocarcinoma and a 3-month history of right hemiscrotal swelling. The patient underwent a CT scan, scrotal ultrasound, and F-18 FDG-PET scan to evaluate for metastatic prostate cancer. The CT scan demonstrated an ill-defined soft-tissue mass extending along ...

PURPOSE: [(18)F]Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging may improve assessment of radiation response in patients with head and neck cancer, but it is not yet known for which patients this is most useful. We conducted a prospective trial to identify patient populations likely to benefit from the addition ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate prognostic value of integrated 2-deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-D: -glucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) and correlate histopathological subtype with maximum standardized uptake value (SUV(max)) and survival in patients with malignant mesothelioma (MM). PROCEDURES: Retrospective review of FDG-PET/CT scans, with derivation of SUV(max) of FDG-avid lesions, was performed in patients with biopsy-proven ...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to define and investigate the time sensitivity of tumors by variable dual-time fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET). METHODS: Variable dual-time (t) protocol (P) FDG PET-computed tomography (CT) scans from 40 patients with pathologically proven head and neck tumors without brain metastasis were ...

PURPOSE: 3'-Deoxy-3'-[18F]fluorothymidine ([18F]FLT) is being developed for imaging cellular proliferation. The goals were to explore the capacity of FLT-positron emission tomography (PET) to distinguish between recurrence and radionecrosis in gliomas and compare the results to those obtained with 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D: -glucose (FDG). PROCEDURES: Fifteen patients with tumor recurrence and four with ...

OBJECTIVE: The dependent-density of computed tomography (CT) images of positron emission tomography (PET)/CT is sometimes difficult to distinguish from chronic interstitial lung disease (ILD) when it accompanies increased (18)F-fluorodeoxy-D: -glucose ((18)FDG) uptake. Though the possible utility of (18)FDG-PET for the diagnosis of active ILD has been reported, the clinical relevance ...

Positron emission tomography (PET) using the tracer [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is commonly used for measuring metabolic rate of glucose (MR(glc)) in the human brain. Conventional PET methods (e.g., the Patlak method) for quantifying MR(glc) assume the tissue transport and phosphorylation mechanisms to be in steady state during FDG uptake. As FDG ...

The first aim of our study was to compare the role of (18)F-FDG PET/CT with that of CT alone in detecting the primary cause of ascites. A secondary aim was to compare the value of (18)F-FDG PET/CT with that of CT alone in detecting abdominal cavity metastasis. Finally, we analyzed ...

(18)F-FDG PET/CT is used for detecting cancer and monitoring cancer response to therapy. However, because of the variable rates of glucose metabolism, not all cancers are identified reliably. Sodium (18)F was previously used for bone imaging and can be used as a PET/CT skeletal tracer. The combined administration of (18)F ...

PET/CT imaging with (18)F-FDG has been used to detect inflammation in carotid and aortic plaque; its use in detecting coronary plaque has been limited by avid (18)F-FDG uptake by the myocardium. We investigated whether (18)F-FDG PET/CT could be used to image inflammation in coronary arteries as a potential noninvasive method ...

PURPOSE: To investigate the feasibility of integrating multiple imaging modalities for image-guided radiotherapy in rectal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) were performed before, during, and after preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in patients with resectable rectal cancer. The FDG-PET signals were segmented ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the performance of F-18 FDG PET/CT in the detection of bone metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three hundred and sixty-two consecutive NSCLC patients who underwent F-18 FDG PET/CT scanning were retrospectively analyzed. Each image of PET/CT, combined CT, and PET was ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare diagnostic accuracy of whole-body (WB) MRI to a combined reference standard of conventional cross-sectional imaging methods and FDG-PET in the detection of malignant disease spread in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 24 children (age between 5 and 18 years) with malignant diseases ...

INTRODUCTION: Sinonasal inverted papilloma (IP) is known for high rate of associated malignancy. The purpose of this study was to identify (18)F-FDG PET/CT findings of sinonasal IPs. We also tried to compare the PET/CT findings with the MR imaging findings. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed PET/CT and MR images of eight ...

A 72-year-old woman with Mikulicz disease with pathogically proven sclerosing sialadenitis showed systemic abnormal F-18 FDG uptake in the bilateral lacrimal and submandibular glands, pancreas, abdominal aortic wall, and a retroperitoneal fibroid mass on PET/CT scan, with marked elevation of the serum IgG4 level. This case supports Mikulicz disease being ...

A 62-year-old man with nonsmall cell lung cancer presented for a staging F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography and computed tomography. Preimaging assessment determined that the patient had a 2-week history of persistent hiccups. The hiccups were unmanageable and persisted throughout the examination from FDG injection to imaging. Persistent hiccups ...

We report the F-18 FDG PET/CT findings in a 59-year-old man with a rare hepatic tumor of malignant epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, who was treated with radiotherapy (RT). This patient had multifocal discrete hepatic tumors, and PET/CT images showed intense FDG uptake in these nodules, regardless of poor enhancement on contrast-enhanced computed ...

Pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy (PTTM) is histopathologically characterized by proliferation of intimal myofibroblasts in the small pulmonary arterioles, induced by tumor microemboli. Patients develop rapidly progressive and severe cardiopulmonary failure, and the clinical course of this disease is fatal. Conventional radiologic findings are often minimal or nonspecific, making diagnosis difficult ...

In this case we show the significance of dual time point PET in determining the nature of an abdominal process in a 67-year-old man with a newly diagnosed adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. Whole body PET/CT detected abnormal uptake in the distal part of the esophagus. In addition, focally increased FDG ...

L-[3-(18)F]-alpha-methyltyrosine ((18)F-FMT) is an aminoacid tracer for positron emission tomography (PET). The aim of this study was to determine whether PET-CT with (18)F-FMT provides additional information for the preoperative diagnostic workup as compared with (18)F-FDG PET. PET-CT studies with (18)F-FMT and (18)F-FDG were performed as a part of the preoperative ...

This article discusses the current techniques and future directions of infection imaging with particular attention to respiratory, central nervous system, abdominal, and postoperative infections. The agents currently in use localize to areas of infection and inflammation. An infection-specific imaging agent would greatly improve the utility of scintigraphy in imaging occult ...

We report the F-18 FDG PET-CT appearance of recurrent gliosarcoma (GS) with extracranial extension in a 47-year-old man who underwent surgical resection of a right frontal GS 5 months earlier. F-18 FDG PET demonstrated moderate uptake in the recurrent disease. GS is a very rare, biphasic primary neoplasm of the ...

A 51-year-old woman with infiltrating ductal carcinoma of left breast, who postsurgery, chemotherapy, and external radiotherapy presented with recurrence in the right chest wall a year after completion of treatment. An excision biopsy of the right chest wall nodule showed deposits of infiltrating ductal carcinoma. She also complained of excruciating ...

BACKGROUND: Encephalitis lethargica (EL) is a CNS disorder that manifests with lethargy sleep cycle disturbances, extrapyramidal symptomatology, neuropsychiatric manifestations, ocular features and cardio-respiratory abnormalities. Although there have been no reported outbreaks of EL recently, a number of reports show that cases of EL are still encountered regularly. Against this background ...