This study investigated whether children with dyslexia differed in their performance on reading, phonological, rapid naming, motor, and cerebellar-related tasks and automaticity measures compared to reading age (RA)-matched and chronological age (CA)-matched control groups. Participants were 51 children attending mainstream English elementary schools in Quebec. All participants completed measures of ...

Physical disabilities may affect a child passenger's fit within a conventional motor vehicle restraint. The aim of this study is to describe and compare injury risk in motor vehicle crashes (MVC) among children with and without special physical health care needs (SPHCN). This analysis, conducted in 2007-2008, utilizes data collected ...

: Mortality rates from critical illness in children have declined over the past several decades, now averaging between 2% and 5% in most pediatric intensive care units. Although these rates, and mortality rates from specific disorders, are widely understood, the impact of acute neurologic injuries in such children who die ...

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of anemia and to identify its associated factors in children aged 6-59 months. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study on data from the Third Health and Nutrition Survey of the State of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil, with a representative sample of 1,403 children from urban and ...

PURPOSE: To assess the prevalence and characteristics of oral impacts attributed to recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) in 12- and 15-year-olds Thais. METHODS: A national oral health survey was conducted. Child-OIDP and OIDP indices were used to collect oral impacts in 1,100 12- and 871 15 year olds. RESULTS: RAS-related impacts ...

Aim:  To explore the associations between subjective well-being and perceptions of community trust and safety among children in rural and urban areas. Methods:  The study used self-reported data from the 2001/2002 Swedish cross-national WHO study Health Behaviour in School-aged Children. The sample consisted of 3,852 children aged 11-15 years, living ...

The major objective of this study was to identify the risk factors associated with fatal road traffic crashes (RTCs) and to propose remedial measures to address them. Fatal RTC data for the period 2005-2007 in Ghana were analysed using the Micro-computer Accident Analysis Package (MAAP) software. Other transport-related research works ...

OBJECTIVES: Indoor air pollutants from biomass combustion pose a risk for respiratory diseases in children. It is plausible that distinct differences in the indoor air quality (IAQ) exist between urban and rural areas in developing countries since the living environment between these two areas are quite different. We have investigated ...

To describe secular trends on physical growth of children in China during the year of 1985-2005 and to analyze the urban-suburban-rural difference and its change. The measurements of height, weight and chest circumference obtained from two serial national cross-sectional surveys for children aged 0 to 7 years in China were ...

AIM; The environmental exposure of farm children to micro-organisms in dust has been related to a reduced prevalence of asthma and atopy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between settled dust endotoxin and development of asthma and/or atopy in rural and urban school children. A comparative ...

Characterizing infectious disease burden in Africa is important for prioritizing and targeting limited resources for curative and preventive services and monitoring the impact of interventions. From June 1, 2006 to May 31, 2008, we estimated rates of acute lower respiratory tract illness (ALRI), diarrhea and acute febrile illness (AFI) among ...

OBJECTIVES: To determine the bowel habits and toilet training of developmentally normal children ages 5 to 8 years in rural and urban areas of the province of Sindh, Pakistan. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted at households of rural (District Khairpur) and urban (Karachi) areas of Sindh, ...

Worldwide, pneumonia causes 14% of deaths among children and infants (ages 4 weeks to 5 years). UNICEF and WHO have established treatment guidelines to reduce risk of death from pneumonia including caregiver symptom recognition, appropriate care, and use of antibiotics. In June 2008, cross-sectional survey data were collected in Khanh Hoa Province ...

Severe childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and acquired disability in children, causing impairments in children's sensory-motor, cognitive and behavioural functioning, with devastating consequences on community integration. Community integration is the ultimate goal of rehabilitation; it is a complex outcome, with many variables contributing to ...

Aim:  This study analysed nonsexual male genital injuries in boys with regards to aetiology, age, management and outcome. Methods:  Patients were identified from the hospital database (between 1999 and 2009) were analysed retrospectively. Results:  Seventy-four patients (2-17 years) were identified which included 24 toddlers and small children (2-5 years), 36 school age ...

Although the integral role of ED thoracotomy for open cardiac massage has been extensively reviewed in adult literature, this "heroic maneuver" remains very controversial and greatly debated in children. A retrospective cohort review of emergency thoracotomies in children, performed at a European Level I trauma center between 1992 and 2008 ...

Head injury occurs frequently in childhood and results in approximately 500,000 emergency department visits and over $1 billion in costs annually. Nearly 75% of these children are ultimately diagnosed with mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI), a misnomer because many will have radiographically identified intracranial injuries and long-term consequences. Identification of ...

Southwestern Ontario largely comprises rural farming districts and is home to numerous Old-Order Anabaptist settlements. Our objective was to describe the injuries sustained by rural children, both Old-Order Anabaptist and non-Anabaptist, to better target injury prevention programs. We retrospectively examined injury data of rural children in Southwestern Ontario with injury ...

The aim of this study was to provide a systematic update of the current literature regarding the clinical role of the S100B serum biomarker in the initial evaluation of children who have sustained a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). Searches in MEDLINE were defined with the keywords "mild TBI children ...

With the increasingly competitive nature of many youth sports and with single-sport specialization occurring at young ages, overuse injuries are common among young athletes. Several growth-related factors contribute to the development of overuse injuries in children and adolescents, including the susceptibility of growth cartilage to injury and the adolescent growth ...

Objectives To provide feedback to guide injury prevention interventions and to test the feasibility of integrating injury surveillance into the existing primary healthcare service for children under 6 years of age. Design This surveillance system was integrated into existing primary healthcare services at the community primary healthcare centre (PHC) and community ...

Cervical spine injuries in children are rare. However, immobilization and imaging for potential cervical spine injury after trauma are common and are associated with adverse effects. Risk factors for cervical spine injury have been developed to safely limit immobilization and radiography in adults, but not in children. The purpose of ...

Running for exercise is a popular way to motivate children to be physically active. Running-related injuries are well studied in adults but little information exists for children and adolescents. Through use of the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database, cases of running-related injuries were selected by using activity codes for ...

To evaluate the proprioceptive sensory input in the shoulder joint affected by obstetrical brachial plexus injuries (OBPI). This controlled study included 39, 7-12-year-old children with upper and/or middle trunk OBPI, and it took place in the Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey between ...

This study investigated the effects of trauma to primary teeth, related by age at the time of injury and type of injury sustained, to the frequency and type of developmental disturbances in the permanent successor teeth in a representative population of Maltese children. Thirty-two children with 67 traumatized primary teeth ...

Specific information about the supervision of young children with injuries related to falls is limited. In this study, we describe the supervision and physical environment of falls resulting in medical care in the emergency department. We enrolled a convenience sample of 108 children younger than 7 years with fall injuries. ...

Background This study describes road traffic injuries among school-aged children in Guangzhou, China, and examines the effect of road safety knowledge and risk behaviours on road traffic injuries. Methods A stratified cluster sample of 3747 children from six primary schools and six middle schools in Guangzhou, China, was surveyed. Data ...

Fingertip amputations are a common injury in both adults and children. Replantation with revascularisation provides the gold standard result but is not always possible due to lack of expertise, degree of injury or patient factors. Perionychial grafts harvested from the amputated digit tip, anatomically restored and supported by a local ...

Ocular trauma in children can result in catastrophic visual and psychological outcomes both for the child and his/her family. According to the WHO, childhood blindness is one of the major causes of avoidable blindness and so target of the Vision 2020 program. To achieve this program's goals, it is necessary ...

In developing countries, sciatic nerve injury following gluteal intramuscular injection is a persistent problem. A study over 6 months involving 133 children seen in Mulago hospital with acute flaccid paralysis revealed 124 (93%) children with injection-induced sciatic nerve injury. The identity of the drug in 79 cases (59.4%) was quinine. ...

Head injuries caused by television (TV) sets falling on small children are becoming frequent in India with increasing sales of TV sets. This report describes television tip-over injuries in eight children aged 14 months to 6 years. Symptoms and findings were varied, from only swelling of the eyes to coma. ...

Short-distance household falls are a common occurrence in young children, but are also a common false history given by caretakers to conceal abusive trauma. The purpose of this study was to determine the severity of injuries that result from accidental short-distance household falls in children, and to investigate the association ...

Baseball is a very popular and safe sport for children and adolescents. Understanding bone maturation and risk factors for overuse will guide the practitioner to manage these athletes properly. Overuse injury risk can be minimized by limiting pitch counts, ensuring adequate recovery, developing proper mechanics, and allowing for early evaluation ...

Some children experience more injuries than others due to personal or environmental risk factors, or to chance. Most injury studies have focused on proximal causes; few have examined the role of neonatal characteristics such as birth weight and gestational age. We carried out a population-based cohort study of 1,524,114 singletons ...

BACKGROUND: Childhood trauma has become a major cause of mortality and morbidity, disability and socio-economic burden and it is expected by the World Health Organization (WHO) that by 2020 it will be the number 1 disease globally. The WHO and UNICEF have published their third World Report on Child Injury ...

INTRODUCTION: Trauma is a leading cause of death in children. Life support courses have been developed to reduce the mortality and morbidity of children suffering trauma; differences in anatomy and physiology may produce different injury patterns to adults when children are exposed to trauma, challenging the care providers. METHODS: A ...

Injuries encountered in association with the aquatic environment negatively affect morbidity and mortality rates in children. It is the second (in Bohemia the third) most frequent cause of injuries in children under 19 years of age. The targets of the study are as follows: to analyse the problems of children's ...

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to characterize emergency department (ED) visits for pediatric sport-related concussion (SRC) in pre-high school- versus high school-aged athletes. METHODS: A stratified probability sample of US hospitals that provide emergency services in the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (1997-2007) and All Injury Program (2001-2005) ...

To document the demographics, mechanisms and outcome of traumatic pancreatitis in children at a single large tertiary referral centre in Australia. We undertook a 10-year retrospective audit of children admitted to the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia with a hospital coded diagnosis which included pancreatic injury between 1993 and 2002. ...

The vast majority of traumatic brain injuries (TBI) in children are of mild severity. Even if only a small proportion of children with mild TBI suffer negative outcomes, then mild TBI is a serious public health problem. This review summarizes the literature regarding the neurobehavioral outcomes associated with mild TBI ...

To identify the incidence of endocrine dysfunction in children following traumatic brain injury (TBI). This was a prospective evaluation of 31 children after TBI. Inclusion criteria included Glasgow Coma Scale score ≤ 12 and age 1.5-18 years. We evaluated thyroid function, insulin-like growth factor I, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3, ...

Objectives: To determine the incidence and pattern of injuries among children and adolescents <18 years old in Riyadh city and to identify associated factors. Material and methods: A cross sectional household survey included children and adolescents <18 years. A two-stage cluster sample was used to recruit the participants from thirty ...

OBJECTIVE: The goal was to examine the association between the New York State (NYS) upgraded child restraint law (UCRL) implemented in 2005 and the traffic injury rate among 4- to 6-year-old children in New York State. METHODS: A before/after comparison study of population-based, traffic injury rates for 4- to 6-year-old ...

Using a prospective design, this research examined supervision of young elementary-school children at home and how this relates to child injury, parent permissiveness, and children's risk-taking propensity. Mothers reported children's history of injuries and recorded home supervision over a 2-month interval on a weekly basis. Children independently completed diaries about ...

OBJECTIVE: The goal was to examine comprehensively the patterns and trends of household cleaning product-related injuries among children treated in US emergency departments. METHODS: Through use of the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database, cases of unintentional, nonfatal, household cleaning product-related injuries were selected by using product codes for drain ...

OBJECTIVES: To determine the extent to which children with a hospital admission related to assault or maltreatment or to a notified sexually transmitted infection (STI) have contact with the Western Australian Department for Child Protection (DCP), and to investigate injuries and conditions often associated with child maltreatment and subsequent contact ...

Although long bone fracture in children is not life-threatening, it may cause major disability, loss of working days and severe psychological distress. We conducted this study to determine the pattern of extremity fracture due to trauma in children. During one year in six general hospitals in Tehran, trauma patients who ...

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to provide population estimates of incorrect restraint use among children aged 0-12 traveling in cars in New South Wales (NSW) and describe the errors occurring in different restraint types. METHODS: Observations of randomly selected children and restraints were conducted in situ by trained researchers at sites ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the epidemiological features and outcome of fireworks-related injuries among children 0 - 13 years old. DESIGN: A retrospective study from the trauma registry of a children's hospital from 2001 - 2009. RESULTS: Fifty-five children were treated for injuries from fireworks. The mean age was 8.8 years, 78% ...

BACKGROUND: Much disagreement exists as to whether postconcussion syndrome (PCS) is attributable to brain injury or to other factors such as trauma alone, preexisting psychosocial problems, or medicolegal issues. We investigated the epidemiology and natural history of PCS symptoms in a large cohort of children with a mild traumatic brain ...