Hypergranulation is having more granulation tissue than needed to fill a wound defect. Some pediatric dermatologists and most dermatologic surgeons will encounter this complication during their careers. Associated factors include wound site, prolonged inflammation, an imbalance in matrix metalloproteinases, and excessive angiogenesis. Reported treatments have included silver nitrate, excision, ...

Background:  Bilateral suprazygomatic maxillary nerve blocks approach improves pain relief after palate surgery. We report the feasibility and efficiency of ultrasound-guided suprazygomatic maxillary nerve blocks in cleft palate repair in children. Methods:  Twenty-five children scheduled to undergo surgical cleft palate repair were included. Ultrasound-guided suprazygomatic maxillary blocks were performed according ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To examine critically data concerning the efficacy and safety of acute treatments for mania in children and adolescents, in the light of considerable recent emergent evidence. RECENT FINDINGS: We found consistent evidence favouring the use of second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs), limited evidence favouring the use of combinations of ...

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy affecting children accounting for approximately 30% of childhood cancers, which was uniformly fatal before the advent of effective chemotherapy. In this historical note, the fundamental contribution of Sidney Farber to the treatment of ALL by using, for the first time, aminopterin-a ...

Recent developments in paediatric pacing and ablation of arrhythmia substrate have been characterised by adoption and modification of techniques used in adults. Infants, small children and those of all ages with congenital heart disease are a patient group with a higher risk profile needing a special approach. Current success rates ...

Purpose: In infants and toddlers, letter acuity is not a useful option and grating acuity may underestimate the depth of strabismic amblyopia. Here, as a first step to establish the effectiveness of the paradigm as a clinical test, we assessed if radial deformation hyperacuity, known to be severely disrupted in ...

Hypovolemia is the most common cause of circulatory failure in children and may lead to critical tissue perfusion and eventually multiple-organ failure. Administration of fluids to maintain or restore intravascular volume is a common intervention after hemorrhagic shock occurring during surgical procedures or in patients with trauma. Notwithstanding, there is ...

Risk factors for recurrent shunt-related cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) infections were analyzed. A total of 58 children were treated for initial shunt infections (ISI): all children were treated with antibiotics and CSF drainage, either by removal of the shunt system and insertion of an external ventricular drainage (EVD) catheter (44 children, ...

The information about the thromboembolic events, the optimal treatment choice, the dose, and duration of antithrombotic therapy in children are limited. More clinical data are required. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-tPA) is increasingly used in pediatric thrombosis. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical course of 7 children (9.3 ± 2.1 years; ...

This study describes the oral and maxillofacial pathological characteristics of a series of odontogenic tumours in children and adolescents from three Brazilian reference centres. The records were reviewed for all odontogenic tumours in patients up to 18 years old based on criteria proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in ...

OBJECTIVE: To characterize anatomical abnormalities of the distal nasolacrimal duct (NLD) in children with congenital obstruction using high-resolution computed tomographic imaging. METHODS: The anatomy of the bone and soft tissue of the NLD and the postductal anatomy of the inferior meatus in 6 children with a wide spectrum of NLD ...

Infantile haemangiomas, a type of vascular birthmark, occur in 5-10% of light-skinned children, and they are the most common soft-tissue tumors in infancy. Most haemangiomas regress spontaneously and only a few need to be treated systemically. However, 10% of infantile haemangiomas need to be treated during the proliferative phase (Enjolras ...

Molluscum contagiosum is a common childhood viral skin condition and is increasingly found as a sexually transmitted disease in adults. Current treatment options are invasive, requiring tissue destruction and attendant discomfort. Fifty-three children (mean age 6.3+5.1 years) with the diagnosis of molluscum contagiosum were treated with twice daily topical application ...

Abstract Soft tissue tumors in children and adolescents are an important group of neoplasms, pseudoneoplasms, and tumefactive malformations with some distinctive clinicopathologic, genetic, syndromic and therapeutic implications. In addition to the basic pathologic examination, there is the availability of diagnostic adjuncts in various settings based upon the histopathologic features in ...

The prognosis for children and adolescents with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) has improved with refinements in multi-modal therapy. Since 1972, the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group (now the Children's Oncology Group Soft-Tissue Sarcoma Committee) has conducted serial studies for RMS. This review describes the IRSG and COG experience with RMS, presents the current ...

Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood, and the outcomes for children with high-risk and relapsed disease remain poor. However, new international strategies for risk stratification and for treatment based on novel tumor targets and including immunotherapy are being employed in attempts to improve the outcomes of ...

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to report the common location of intrathyroid ectopic thymus and describe the corresponding sonographic appearances in children. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed clinical data and neck or thyroid ultrasonography (US) findings in children from January 2003 to May 2010. Intrathyroid lesions showing hypoechogenicity with ...

Conventional 2-dimensional, M-mode, and spectral Doppler echocardiographic techniques have documented abnormal ventricular function in adults with sickle cell disease (SCD), but assessments in children are conflicting. Tissue Doppler echocardiography (TDE) provides additional information about myocardial function. Two-dimensional, M-mode, tricuspid regurgitation jet velocity (TRJV) data, and tissue Doppler echocardiographically derived myocardial ...

Pediatric soft-tissue and bone sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of tumors of mesenchymal origin which affect approximately 1,500 children in the United States each year. Using multimodal therapy (surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy), the overall 5-year survival rate for children with soft-tissue and bone sarcomas is approximately 60%-70%. However, the prognosis ...

Background  Solid-state (SS) manometry catheters with portable data loggers offer many potential advantages over traditional water-perfused (WP) systems, such as prolonged recordings in a more physiologic ambulatory setting and the lack of risk for water overload. The use of SS catheters has not been evaluated in comparison with perfused catheters ...

Iron supplementation strategies in the developing world remain controversial owing to fears of exacerbating prevalent infectious diseases. Understanding the conditions in which iron will be absorbed and incorporated into erythrocytes is therefore important. We studied Gambian children with either post-malarial or non-malarial anemia, who were given oral iron supplements daily ...

Aim. To determine the incidence and factors associated with drug induced hepatic dysfunction in children on anti-tuberculous treatment (ATT). Setting. Pediatric Tuberculosis Clinic at B.J. Wadia Children's Hospital, Mumbai. Material and methods. 46 children with tuberculosis on ATT between April 2007 and February 2008 were included. Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the reaction to pain during local injection and duration of numbness of soft tissue with 4% articaine or 3% mepivacaine in children. A randomized, double-blind, split-mouth study was used with a sample of 50 7- to 13-year-old children (25 boys ...

The aim of the study was to assess the incidence and survival rates of soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) in children 0-14 years of age in Moscow Region, Russian Federation. The database of childhood population-based cancer registry of Moscow Region was used as a data source. Tumors were stratified according to ...

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children. It is believed to arise from skeletal muscle progenitors, preserving the expression of genes critical for embryonic myogenic development such as MYOD1 and myogenin. RMS is classified as embryonal, which is more common in younger children, or alveolar, which ...

Limp is a common clinical presentation in children, seen both in acute and community practice. The incidence is thought to vary between countries with suggested figures between 1.5 and 3.6 cases of non-traumatic limp per 1000 children. The authors present a case of a 6-year-old girl who attended our accident ...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact that a program based on maternal dietary counseling covering breastfeeding and healthy complementary feeding had on the prevalence of iron deficiency, anemia and iron deficiency anemia in children aged 12 to 16 months. METHODS: Newborn infants were randomized at ...

BACKGROUND: Recently the SNP identified as rs1260326, in the glucokinase regulatory protein (GCKR) was associated with hypertriglyceridemia in adults. Since accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocytes represents the hallmark of the steatosis, we aimed to investigate whether this variant might be associated with fatty liver (hepatic fat content, HFF%). Moreover, since ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: We investigated the relationship among socioeconomic status factors, the risk of anemia, and iron deficiency among school-aged children in Korea. METHODS: The sample consisted of fourth-grade students aged 10 y recruited from nine elementary schools in Korean urban areas in 2008 (n = 717). Anthropometric and blood biochemistry ...

Abstract. Anemia is a significant health concern worldwide and can be the result of nutritional, environmental, social, and infectious etiologies. We estimated the prevalence of anemia in 336 pre-school children and 132 adults in the rural Central Plateau of Haiti and assessed associations with age, sex, household size, water source, ...

National-level data on iron deficiency is not available for most countries and many rely on the prevalence of anemia as a proxy estimate, assuming that approximately 50% of anemia cases are caused by iron deficiency. Anemia, however, has multiple causal factors and the risk attributable to any one cause will ...

In this report, the prevalence and multifactorial etiology of anemia among Indian human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children are described. HIV-infected children aged 2-12 years were prospectively enrolled in 2007-2008. Measured parameters included serum ferritin, vitamin B(12), red-cell folate, soluble transferrin receptor, and C-reactive protein. Children received antiretroviral therapy (ART), iron and, ...

Classic erythrocyte polymorphisms were assessed by PCR-based methods among 749 children in southern highland Rwanda. Sickle cell trait, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, and α(+)-thalassaemia were observed in 2.8%, 9.6%, and 15.1%, respectively. Malariologic parameters did not correlate with these traits. Haemoglobin concentrations were significantly reduced in α(+)-thalassaemia but only homozygosity ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The ideal screening test would be capable of identifying iron deficiency in the absence of anemia. We tried to detect role of urinary hepcidin-25 level in early prediction of iron deficiency in children. METHODS: This is a case control study performed on 100 children in Hematology Unit of ...

Zinc deficiency may be suspected to play a role in the pathogenesis, control, and severity of asthma because of its antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects. We aimed to investigate whether there was any relationship between erythrocyte zinc levels and childhood asthma. The erythrocyte zinc levels of 67 asthmatic and 45 ...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s11832-010-0303-5.].

Iron has an important role on cognitive, behavioral, and motor development. High prevalence of iron deficiency has been reported in autism. The aim of this study was to investigate iron status in a group of children with autistic disorder. The sample was composed of 116 children between 3 and 16 years ...

Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), which predisposes liver disease in children, is often undiagnosed. Isoelectric focusing in 161 infants with liver dysfunction revealed 14.7% severe and 12.2% moderate AATD. Positive PAS-D and immunohistochemical staining was found in 60% of severe AATD, but in moderate AATD, only immunohistochemistry was positive in 100%. Bilirubinostasis, ...

PURPOSE: To investigate the electroclinical features and the outcome of patients with typical absences starting before the 3 years of life. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical data of patients with absences started before 3 years observed over a 15-year period. Mutation analysis of SLC2A1 (GLUT-1) gene was performed when possible. ...

Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma is a rare vascular tumor in children. Especially, in association with the Kasabach-Merritt Phenomenon it can be life threatening. The management of these patients is very difficult and an aggressive treatment regime is required. Several multimodality and chemotherapeutic regimens have been described but with variable success and many ...

The data on orofacial granulomatosis, OFG, in children are sparse. We describe here 8 pediatric patients presenting with OFG, 2 of these cases associating with Crohn's disease. Therapeutic agents included systemic immunosuppressants such as glucocorticoids, methotrexate, anti-TNF-alpha agent, dapsone, antibiotics (metronidazole), and local treatment with topical tacrolimus or intralesional injections ...

Background. Although the therapeutic outcome for acquired aplastic anemia has improved markedly with the introduction of immunosuppressive therapy using anti-thymocyte globulin and cyclosporine, a significant proportion of patients subsequently relapses and requires second line therapy. However, detailed analyses of relapses in aplastic anemia children are limited. Design and Methods. We ...

Intestinal disaccharidase activities were measured in 199 individuals with autism to determine the frequency of enzyme deficiency. All patients had duodenal biopsies that were evaluated morphologically and assayed for lactase, sucrase, and maltase activity. Frequency of lactase deficiency was 58% in autistic children ≤ 5 years old and 65% in ...

Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is one of the most common causes of systemic vasculitis in children. The incidence of HSP nephritis (HSPN) among HSP patients has been reported to be 15-62%. Even so, what constitutes severe HSPN is controversial. In the study reported here, we retrospectively reviewed the clinical features and ...

  Bier spots are a distinct pattern of vascular mottling. Most reported cases are in young adults, with the youngest case in the literature at age 15 years. We report two children, ages 11 and 12 years, with Bier spots. Patient 1 was an 11-year-old boy who presented with white spots on ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the methylphenidate (MPH) response and the norepinephrine transporter (NET) gene polymorphisms in Korean children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). One hundred and fourteen children with ADHD (mean age 9.08±1.94 years) were recruited from a child psychiatric clinic in ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate any association between IgA deficiency (IgAD) and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) among Iranian children.This case-control study was carried out on 83 children who were diagnosed as JRA according to American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria; Patients were admitted at the rheumatology clinic ...

Barrett's esophagus (BE) in children has been examined in retrospective studies, consisting of case series and cross-sectional studies. To evaluate the prevalence and determinants of BE in children who are free from neurodevelopmental disorders and tracheoesophageal abnormalities. A prospective, cross-sectional study. Three pediatric GI Centers in Houston, Texas; Phoenix, Arizona; ...

Abstract The clinical picture of nephropathia epidemica (NE), a rodent-mediated Puumala virus (PUUV) zoonosis, appears to be different in paediatric and adult patients, since severe complications are seen only in adults. To confirm this clinical impression, we made a systematic literature review to determine whether the severity of NE is ...

We have developed a prototype device for takehome use that can be used in the treatment of amblyopia. The therapeutic scenario we envision involves patients first visiting a clinic, where their vision parameters are assessed and suitable parameters are determined for therapy. Patients then proceed with the actual therapeutic treatment ...