AIM: To evaluate the relationships between early growth and regional variations in type 1 diabetes (T1D) incidence in an international cohort of children with familial and genetic risk for T1D. METHODS: Anthropometric indices between birth to 5 yr of age were compared among regions and T1D proband in 2160 children ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess classical and non-classical metabolic risk biomarkers in prepubertal children with different levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). DESIGN: CRF was assessed by the 20 m shuttle run test. To estimate physical activity, participants were observed while engaged in an after-school programme. Additionally, a short test based on a ...

OBJECTIVE: Many obese children with unprovoked diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) display clinical features of type 2 diabetes during follow up. We describe the clinical presentation, autoimmune markers and the long-term course of obese and lean children with DKA. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We reviewed the medical records on the initial acute ...

Background/Aim: To study the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS), insulin resistance (IR) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in overweight/obese children with clinical hepatomegaly and/or raised alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Patients and Methods: Thirty-three overweight and obese children, aged 2-13 years, presenting with hepatomegaly and/or raised ALT, were studied for the ...

The endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) has a critical role in the regulation of anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory functions of activated protein C (APC). Abnormalities in EPCR might be associated with an increased risk of thrombosis. In this respect, a 23 bp insertion in the exon 3 of the EPCR gene ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the feasibility of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) use in very young children with type 1 diabetes (T1D). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Twenty-three children less than 4 yr of age with T1D were provided with a FreeStyle Navigator(®) (n = 21) or a Paradigm(®) (n = 2) CGM device. At baseline, mean ...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the allelic frequency of the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene (rs9939609) and its influences on obesity and metabolic risk biomarkers in a cohort of normal weight and obese Chilean children determining its ethnicity. METHODS: A total of 136 normal weight ...

Background: Sialic acid (SA) has been shown to be a strong predictor of cardiovascular mortality in adults. No study in children regarding the association of SA with cardiovascular risks exists in the literature. Aim: We aimed to investigate the association of SA with anthropometric and metabolic parameters and its correlation ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the growth promoting effect of a recombinant growth hormone (rGH) treatment protocol adjusted on insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) dosing in children affected by the most severe forms of FGFR3 N540K-mutated hypochondroplasia. STUDY DESIGN: Midterm results of an open-label, single-center, nonrandomized, 2003-2020 pilot trial to final stature, ...

BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity is associated with adverse changes in cardiometabolic risk factors. A family-oriented group program stressing a healthpromoting lifestyle has been more effective than routine counselling in the treatment of obesity in school children. The aim of the present study was to compare the impact of group program and ...

Eur J Clin Invest 2011 ABSTRACT: Background  To establish the association between neck circumference and cardiometabolic risk factors and to determine the utility of the neck circumference as a parameter in predicting children at cardiometabolic risk. Materials and methods  Five - hundred and eighty-one children (461: overweight/obese, 120: normal body ...

A positive effect of fluoxetine has been shown in some children with autism. The present study was undertaken to correlate striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) binding and cerebrospinal fluid insulin-like growth factor-1 (CSF-IGF-1) with clinical response in autistic children (n=13, age 5-16 years) after a 6-month fluoxetine treatment. Good clinical responders ...

Context. Ghrelin is a peptide with multiple functions that circulates as acylated (AG) and non acylated (UAG) forms. The role of ghrelin in neonates remains to be clarified.Objective. The aim of the study was to determine ghrelin concentrations of the two forms in neonates in order to clarify their biological ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine relationship between carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and central obesity, cardiovasculary risk factors, and chronic inflammation markers in overweight and obese schoolchildren in Eastern Turkey. METHODS: A cross-sectional school-based survey on 2765 schoolchildren was performed. We collected the clinical data (age, sex, percentage of body fat, and measured ...

Background/Aims: There is a strong debate on the diagnosis and early phenotypic expression of the metabolic syndrome in children. The aim of the present study was to examine the frequency of the metabolic syndrome using various definitions in obese prepubertal and pubertal children. Methods: 478 (213 females and 265 males) ...

SummaryBackground and objectives Although prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) has been described in children with CKD, the frequency with which these CVRF occur concomitantly and the clinical characteristics associated with multiple CVRF are unknown. This study determined the prevalence and characteristics of multiple CVRF in children in the ...

OBJECTIVE In women with gestational diabetes mellitus, who were randomized to metformin or insulin treatment, pregnancy outcomes were similar (Metformin in Gestational diabetes [MiG] trial). Metformin crosses the placenta, so it is important to assess potential effects on growth of the children. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In Auckland, New Zealand, ...

Development of cardiovascular diseases could originate in early childhood. However, reference values of hemostatic parameters and adipokines in preschool children remain to be explored. We measured blood levels of adipokines and parameters of the hemostatic/fibrinolytic systems in 167 healthy children aged 4 to 6 years at 9:00 to 10:30 <scp>am</scp> ...

AIMS: To identify demographic, family and clinical characteristics associated with provider recommended frequency of blood glucose monitoring (BGM), actual frequency of BGM, and concordance between these categories in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) as reported by child's caregiver. METHODS: Caregivers of 390 children 10-17 years were interviewed about their ...

Aim: the nutritional intake required for normal growth and development is similar among children with diabetes and healthy children. Nonetheless, for children with diabetes, food intake must also be correlated with their insulin treatment plan and level of physical activity. The objective of this work was to identify the eating ...

: Obesity is associated with high prevalence of hepatic steatosis. We speculate that determinant factors of susceptibility to hepatic steatosis in obesity could differ between children and adolescents. : Blood biochemical parameters, systemic oxidative stress markers, proinflammatory cytokines, and adipokine levels were determined in 157 obese children and adolescents. The ...

Variants in the transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene are consistently associated with type 2 diabetes in adults, but the association of TCF7L2 with weight-related traits and body fat in humans is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the TCF7L2 gene (rs12255372) and obese ...

Supplementation with n3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-LCPUFA) appears to affect body weight, adipokines, and insulin resistance (IR) in obese individuals. However, it is unclear whether the effect on IR is independent of weight loss and if the same effect is observed in children. We undertook this study to analyze ...

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationships of insulin resistance to positive as well as negative dimensions of the child's emotions, behavior and personality (hereafter referred to as "psychobehavioral characteristics") in a convenience sample of inner-city, overweight and obese, African American children. METHODS: A secondary analysis ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Children born small for gestational age (SGA) experience higher rates of morbidity and mortality than those born appropriate for gestational age. In Latin America, identification and optimal management of children born SGA is a critical issue. Leading experts in pediatric endocrinology throughout Latin America established working groups in ...

Aim:  To investigate whether the age of first exposure to a high-incidence country like Sweden determines the risk of T1DM in children with an origin in a low incidence region of the world. Methods:  Register study in a Swedish study population in the age 6-25 years in three categories of ...

The accuracy of acanthosis nigrcans (AN) as a dermatological clinical marker to predict insulin resistance (IR) has not been well established in children. A cohort of obese Caucasian children was prospectively recruited. Demographic data, body mass index values, and laboratory data were compared for the presence or absence of AN. ...

OBJECTIVES:: Childhood non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) associated with insulin resistance and obesity is a growing problem and increases risk of cirrhosis, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular complications. We examined the effects of a 10-week "weight-loss camp" residency in obese children on the prevalence and degree of NAFLD and insulin ...

What is known and Objective:  Advances in medical technology have made insulin pumps an attractive treatment option for patients with type 1 diabetes and in particular for children and young people. Previous studies have accounted the experiences and views of children/young people and their parents for the use of the ...

BACKGROUND/AIM : Polymorphisms in the promoter of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) lead to decreased MTP transcription, less export of triglyceride from hepatocytes, and greater intracellular triglyceride accumulation. Therefore, functional polymorphisms in MTP may be involved in determining susceptibility to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The aim of this study is to ...

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether oxcarbazepine (OXC) monotherapy causes weight gain in epileptic children. METHODS: A total of 22 children with epilepsy (age 3.0-16.4 years) were assigned to OXC therapy. Serum levels of glucose, insulin, cortisol, leptin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), galanin and ghrelin were assessed ...

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance. The role of fat distribution in OSA pathogenesis has not been established in children. The objective of the study is to examine the relationship between fat distribution, OSA, and insulin resistance in an unselected population of obese children. ...

Aims: The objective of this study was to investigate the cause of valproate (VPA)-associated weight gain in children. Methods: Eighteen children (10.94 ± 3.78 years) with epilepsy were assigned to VPA therapy. Serum levels of glucose, insulin, cortisol, leptin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), galanin and ghrelin were assessed before (month 0) ...

INTRODUCTION: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with increased risk for metabolic syndrome in both adults and children. In adults with OSA, serum levels of fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) are elevated and associated with the degree of metabolic insulin resistance, independent of obesity. Therefore, we assessed plasma FABP4 ...

Several epidemiologic studies have clearly demonstrated that obesity increases the risk of kidney diseases. We have attempted to evaluate the association of obesity with albuminuria, an early marker of kidney disease, among obese children and its relation to metabolic syndrome. This study included 150 obese children. Blood pressure, fasting blood ...

Objective: The autonomic nervous system is assumed to have a role in the pathophysiology of obesity. In this study, we evaluated the autonomic system by measuring heart rate variability (HRV) in obese children.Methods: Thirty-two obese and 30 healthy children (mean ages: 11.6±2.0 years and 11.0±2.9 years, respectively) were enrolled in ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether overweight children and adolescents have lower serum concentration and lower dietary intake of magnesium compared to those with normal weight; and to study the correlation of serum magnesium levels with components of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, comparative study. SETTING: General/Pediatric Endocrinolgy OPD ...

Childhood adiposity is increasingly recognized as a significant predictor of cardiometabolic risks in later life. The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with longitudinal changes in weight during childhood and the development of metabolic disease risk factors. 424 Children from DaQing city, China, were recruited at 5 ...

Undernutrition is one of the most important public health problems, affecting more than 900 million individuals around the World. It is responsible for the highest mortality rate in children and has long-lasting physiologic effects, including an increased susceptibility to fat accumulation mostly in the central region of the body, lower ...

Growth failure is a common and complicated process in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). Growth hormone, which is becoming a more commonly used agent in such patients, has demonstrated beneficial effects aside from increased growth velocity. Recently, insulin-like growth factor-1 has gained significant attention in the understanding of growth failure ...

Abstract Background. The effect of overweight on metabolic risk factors and the role of physical activity (PA) in pre-pubertal children is unclear. Objective. To study differences in metabolic risk factors between groups of normal weight and overweight children and how these risk factors are associated with objectively measured PA and ...

In this study, we evaluated the association between prenatal and postnatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and the development of insulin resistance in 10 year old children. Fasting blood samples were collected from 470 children participating in two prospective birth cohorts. Of those 276 were selected population based and enriched ...

Community acquired pneumonia is the leading killer of children under the age of 5 years. In ER, a diagnosis of pneumonia may be made and the severity graded on basis of WHO's classification for pneumonia in children up to 5 years of age. It relies on age-specific respiratory rate, presence of lower ...

BACKGROUND: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood neurological disorder that presents in 3-7% of school-age children. Studies have shown that children, adolescents and young adults with ADHD are more prone to caries than those without. AIM: The study investigated a possible relationship between the oral health status of ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children living in an endemic hydrofluorosis area. METHODS: Schoolchildren aged 8-10 years living in an area with 3.38 ppm F water concentration completed a validated Spanish version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ(8-10ESP)). World Health Organization (WHO) criteria were applied for the ...

J Oral Pathol Med (2011) Prader-Willi syndrome is a genetic disorder. Abnormal saliva secretion, emotional and behaviour problems, may affect the health status of the oral mucousa. Objectives:  To assess the impact of self-destructive behaviour and abnormal saliva secretion on the oral mucosa in children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). Materials ...

Extrahepatic portal venous obstruction (EHPVO) is the commonest cause of portal hypertension and variceal bleeding in children. Though mortality related to variceal bleeding is uncommon, morbidity due to massive splenomegaly with hypersplenism, growth failure, ectopic varices like rectal varices and portal biliopathy is significant. A significant proportion of cases in ...

Abid N, McGlone O, Cardwell C, McCallion W, Carson D. Clinical and metabolic effects of gluten free diet in children with type 1 diabetes and coeliac disease. Background: Following the recommendations of The International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) in 2000, our clinic started routine screening of children ...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the type of cerebral palsy (CP) and oral motor function (OMF) on the oral health status of children and adolescents with CP in Teresina, Piauí, Brazil. The sample consisted of 52 children with CP, aged 7 to 18 years. ...

To describe the management of acute diarrhea in emergency departments with emphasis on the type of hydration and exploring factors associated with prescription of oral rehydration therapy vs. intravenous rehydration therapy for children with dehydration that is not severe. This was a descriptive study conducted from January to May of ...