Introduction:Vascular access in children carries a significant risk of accidental extravasation of IV fluids and medications with the potential for tissue injury. In this prospective controlled study we assessed the diagnostic utility of using IV diluted sodium bicarbonate to confirm placement of IV catheters in ventilated children. Diluted sodium bicarbonate ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether 24-hour urinary sodium excretion could be an indicator of the effectiveness of salt supplementation in children with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). STUDY DESIGN: The patient group comprised 30 children with POTS, and the control group comprised 10 healthy children. Serum sodium and 24-hour urinary sodium ...

Among other infectious agents, enteroviruses have been associated with protection against allergic diseases. The aim of the present study was to confirm these findings using a highly sensitive and specific neutralization antibody assay and to investigate whether the protective effect is related to certain enterovirus serotypes. Antibodies against 12 enterovirus ...

A short cut review was carried out to establish whether the seat belt sign was a significant predictor of intra-abdominal injury in children involved in motor vehicle collisions. 51 papers were found using the reported searches, of which three presented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The author, ...

ObjectiveTo compare the difference in plasma sodium at 16-18 h following major surgery in children who were prescribed either Hartmann's and 5% dextrose or 0.45% saline and 5% dextrose.DesignA prospective, randomised, open label study.SettingThe paediatric intensive care unit (650 admissions per annum) in a tertiary children's hospital in Brisbane, Australia.PatientsThe ...

OBJECTIVE:The intellectual, behavioral, and social function of children who sustained traumatic brain injury (TBI) before 3 years of age were compared with a group of uninjured children. The role of injury and environmental factors in recovery was examined.METHODS:A group of 53 children who sustained a TBI before 3 years of ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI) has implications for functional outcomes, but few studies have documented long-term outcomes. The purpose of this study was to plot recovery of cognitive and functional skills after early childhood TBI to 10 years postinjury and to identify the contribution of injury, environment, preinjury ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Childhood injuries, an important public health issue, globally affects more than 95% of children living in low-and middle-income countries. The objective of this study is to describe the epidemiology of childhood unintentional injuries in Karachi, Pakistan with a specific focus on those occurring within the home environment. METHODS: ...

BACKGROUND: Children with congenital hearing loss (HL) are at increased risk of speech and language delays and require increased resource needs. METHODS: Assessments of language, adaptive behavior, and resource needs at mean age of 60±5months. Effects of age of enrollment in Early Intervention (EI) and degree of HL were evaluated. ...

BACKGROUND: Mechanical circulatory support is increasingly used to bridge children with end-stage heart failure to transplant. Quality of life (QoL) has not been systematically evaluated in children bridged to heart transplant. METHODS: All children transplanted for cardiomyopathy during 2001 to 2008 and currently being followed at our center (n = ...

AIM: To document, describe and raise awareness of a preventable injury associated with the use of disposable barbecues. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of incidents involving barbecue burns. Cases were identified through the burn injury database of a tertiary paediatric burns referral centre and case notes reviewed. Experiments were ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Sports participation is common among children and adolescents throughout the United States; along with that participation comes risk of injury, sometimes serious. Over 4 million sports or recreational injuries are sustained by school-age children per year in the USA. This injury prevalence has led to significant interest ...

: Although surgical treatments evolved, the short-term postoperative mortality is still high in children with anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA), and long-term survivors may suffer from restrained functional recovery. Therefore, an optimal means in predicting postoperative reversal is demanded. In this study, we ...

The adverse impact on recovery of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been demonstrated in returned veterans. The study assessed this effect in children's health outcomes following TBI and extended previous work by including a full range of TBI severity, and improved assessment of PTSD ...

This study determined the (1) hospital incidence, prevalence and etiology; (2) frequency of each of the acute kidney injury (AKI) stages and (3) the 60-day outcome. Retrospective analysis of clinico-laboratory data of Nigerian children/adolescents with hospital-acquired acute kidney injury (hAKI) was performed. AKI occurred in 103 (3.13%) of 3,286 childhood ...

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify what activities cause most mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) among boys and girls between 0-16 years of age. Methods: Based on a randomized controlled study, a retrospective analysis was conducted among 765 children. Result: The most common causes of injury were ...

AIMS: Whilst cardiac troponin is considered to be indicative of cardiac necrosis, the advent of new high sensitivity assays for troponin suggests that troponin may be present in the blood of healthy persons. We have examined a cohort of healthy children and measured TnT in their blood. METHODS AND RESULTS: ...

Summary Background: Fingertip injuries are the most common hand injuries in children seeking medical advice at trauma care centres. Most cases are treated conservatively and hospitalisation is not necessary. However, surgery under general anaesthesia is often required on account of severity of the injuries and the patients' young age. The ...

A trauma registry in the United Arab Emirates was used to ascertain nontraffic injuries of 0- to 19-year-olds. The registry's value for prevention was assessed. A total of 292 children and youth with nontraffic injuries were admitted for >24 hours at surgical wards of the main trauma hospital in Al ...

BackgroundTraumatic hand and finger amputations frequently lead to permanent disability.ObjectiveTo investigate their epidemiological characteristics and estimate the prevention potential among children 0-14 years old, through a cross-sectional survey.MethodsNationwide extrapolations were produced based on data recorded between 1996 and 2004 in the Greek Emergency Department Injury Surveillance System and existing sample ...

Aim:  Bicycle riding is a common recreational and sport activity enjoyed by many children. Bicycle accidents are a common cause of abdominal injuries. We aim to establish the trend and the associated risk factor(s) of bicycle-related abdominal injuries. Methods:  A retrospective review of all children admitted following bicycle accidents to ...

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether an initial post-operative lactate level is a predictor of mortality, need for peritoneal dialysis (PD), duration of intubation or length of stay (LOS) in the intensive care unit (ICU) in children undergoing cardiac surgery. METHOD: A retrospective, observational follow-up study ...

Abstract Background: There are few data on the effects of anesthesia and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on perioperative renal function in children with cyanotic congenital heart disease undergoing open heart surgery. This study aims to investigate the perioperative renal function in cyanotic versus acyanotic children undergoing sevoflurane anesthesia for open heart ...

This follow-up study conducted on children who underwent therapeutic cooling for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, showed normal neurodevelopmental outcome with normal milestones and normal developmental quotient in a minimum of 60% of children at 18-24 months of age. This study shows comparable neurodevelopmental outcome in infants who underwent cooling in a ...

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) in the treatment of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy in children. Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy is an uncommon cause of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in children. In symptomatic patients, open heart surgical myectomy has hitherto been the ...

Aim: The distribution and quality of brain recovery following pediatric arterial ischemic stroke remains controversial. The literature suggests that age at stroke may be an important modulator of neuropsychological outcome, with reports inferring either greater vulnerability or plasticity in the nascent brain. Our aim was to investigate neuropsychological outcomes following ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Delay in seeking medical care is one criterion used to identify victims of abuse. However, typical symptoms of accidental fractures in young children and the time between injury and the seeking of medical care have not been reported. We describe patient and injury characteristics that influence the time ...

Paediatric trauma centres seek to optimise the care of injured children. Trends in state-wide paediatric care and outcomes have not been examined in detail in Australia. This study examines temporal trends in paediatric trauma outcomes and factors influencing survival and length of stay. A retrospective review was conducted using data ...

Our aim is to explore (1) whether gestational medication use, mode of delivery, and early postnatal exposure correlate with childhood asthma, (2) the dose responsiveness of such exposure, and (3) their links to early- and late-onset asthma. We conducted a matched case-control study based on the Taiwan Children Health Study, ...

Polak-Jonkisz D, Laszki-Szcząchor K, Sobieszczańska M, Makulska I, Pilecki W, Rusiecki L, Zwolińska D. Effect of kidney transplantation on heart conduction disturbances in children treated with chronic hemodialysis - A pilot study. Pediatr Transplantation 2011: 15: 835-843. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Abstract:  Aim of the study was ...

Aim  The aim of this study was to evaluate hand function in children with Erb upper brachial plexus palsy. Method  Hand function was evaluated in 25 children (eight males; 17 females) with a diagnosed upper (C5/C6) brachial plexus birth injury. Of these children, 22 had undergone primary nerve reconstruction and ...

Vertebral fractures and severe injuries to the spine cord in children are rare and account for a small proportion of all childhood injuries. Pediatric vertebral and spinal cord injuries have unique characteristics depending on their age. Young children sustain upper cervical spine injuries, which are more serious injuries and have ...

The aim of this review is to describe the current state of knowledge related to neurodevelopmental outcomes and quality of life for children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and to explore future questions to be answered for this group of children.

BACKGROUND: Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is a cornerstone of care for severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Management of ICP can help ensure adequate cerebral blood flow and oxygenation. However, studies indicate that brain hypoxia may occur despite 'normal' ICP and the relationship between ICP and brain oxygenation is poorly defined. ...

To compare hospital-based utilization for early childhood injuries between program recipients and local-area comparison families following statewide implementation of an evidence-based home visitation program, and to describe site-level program variation. Propensity score matching on baseline characteristics was used to create a retrospective cohort of Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP) clients and local ...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to provide estimates of firearm related injuries in children seeking care in hospital based emergency departments. METHODS: The Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) for the year 2008 was used for the current study. All ED visits occurring amongst children aged less than or ...

This study examined the longer term effect of traumatic brain injury (TBI), approximately 18 months post-injury, on emerging narrative discourse skills of 85 children with orthopaedic injury (OI), 43 children with moderate TBI, and 19 children with severe TBI who were between 3 years and 6 years 11 months at ...

Young boys with autism were compared to typically developing boys on responses to nonsocial and child-directed speech (CDS) stimuli. Behavioral (looking) and physiological (heart rate and respiratory sinus arrhythmia) measures were collected. Boys with autism looked equally as much as chronological age-matched peers at nonsocial stimuli, but less at CDS ...

Familial Mediterranean fever is a hereditary disease characterised by recurrent and self-terminated attacks of fever and polyserositis. An earlier study found that adult patients of Familial Mediterranean fever had an abnormally longer QT dispersion and corrected QT dispersion, markers for ventricular arrhythmogenicity. QT dispersion is a simple non-invasive arrhythmogenic marker ...

Background:  The incidence of postoperative sore throat (POST) following intubation is not well defined in the pediatric population. The etiology is multifactorial and includes impairment of subglottic mucosal perfusion and edema as a result of the pressures exerted by cuffed or uncuffed tubes. Aim:  To determine the incidence of, and ...

Aim  The aim of this study was to compare total and regional cerebral volumes in children with isolated cerebellar malformations (CBMs) with those in typically developing children, and to examine the extent to which cerebellar volumetric reductions are associated with total and regional cerebral volumes. Method  This is a case-control ...

AIM: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) guidelines recommend specific chest compression (CC) target depths for children. We quantitatively describe relative anterior-posterior diameter (APD) depth, actual depth, and force of CCs during real CPR events in children. METHODS: CC depth and force were recorded during real CPR events in children ≥8years using FDA-approved ...

: Trampoline injuries represent a preventable cause of injury in children. This study identified the characteristics of children injured while using trampolines who presented to a pediatric trauma center in Sydney, Australia. : The Pediatric Trauma Database at our institution was reviewed to identify children with trampoline-related injuries between January ...

: Each year, approximately 4.7 million Americans sustain dog bites, the majority of which occur in children. In response to this alarming trend, injury prevention programs across the country have focused efforts on preventing dog bites in children. However, little attention has been given to non-bite dog-related injuries, and to ...

Teaching safety rules is a common way parents attempt to moderate injury risk for elementary-school children, but few studies have examined the nature of this teaching. The present study explored whether mothers' safety rules varied with type of injury (falls, poisoning, burns and cuts), the nature of these teaching strategies ...

Dog bites of the facial region are increasing in children according to the Center for Disease Control. To evaluate the epidemiology of such injuries in our medical provider region, we undertook a retrospective review of those children treated for facial, head and neck dog bite wounds at a level 1 ...

Objective:To examine disability in children and adolescents after traumatic brain injury (TBI) across the spectrum of injury severity.Methods:This was a prospective cohort study of children younger than 18 years treated for a TBI (n = 729) or an arm injury (n = 197) between March 1, 2007, and September 30, ...

OBJECTIVE: To establish normal reference standards for six minute walk test of children aged between 7-12 y in India. METHODS: Healthy children aged between 7 to 12 y were recruited randomly from the selected schools in India. 400 children were included .Six minute walk test (MWT) was performed according to standardized ATS ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Stroke recognition tools have been shown to improve diagnostic accuracy in adults. Development of a similar tool in children is needed to reduce lag time to diagnosis. A critical first step is to determine whether adult stoke scales can be applied in childhood stroke. Our objective was to ...

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating event that results in permanent disability for injured children. Among all etiologies of SCI, motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) are the leading cause and account for 29% of all traumatic SCIs in children. We tried to evaluate types and mechanisms of MVC-related spinal column ...