Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death and morbidity in the world. The origins of atherosclerosis and subsequent CVD begin in childhood. In order to prevent CVD, children and adolescents at high risk for premature atherosclerosis should be identified and treated as early as possible. Hypercholesterolaemia is a ...

We evaluate the relationship between different lipoproteins and atherogenic indices with pre-hypertension in 297 obese and 942 non-obese children with Tanner stage 1 enrolled in a multicentre, community-based cross-sectional study. Height, weight, fasting glucose and insulin levels, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), non-HDL-c, LDL/HDL-c, ...

OBJECTIVES: To investigate serum adiponectin and resistin levels in childhood obesity and their relationship with cardiac changes and insulin resistance. METHODS: Seventy-one obese and 24 overweight children and 40 healthy children and adolescents were selected for the study. Height and weight measurements, BMI values and BMI SD score values were ...

Disorders within the "ciliopathy" spectrum include Joubert (JS), Bardet-Biedl syndromes (BBS), and nephronophthisis (NPHP). Although mutations in single ciliopathy genes can lead to these different syndromes between families, there have been no reports of phenotypic discordance within a single family. We report on two consanguineous families with discordant ciliopathies in ...

The aim of this study was to examine the intima-media thickness (IMT) of carotid arteries and endothelial function parameters such as plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and homocysteine levels in hypercholesterolemic children and to investigate the relations of these parameters with hypercholesterolemia. Fifty-seven hypercholesterolemic and 37 healthy children were included in ...

Vision affects daily activities, but of particular importance is the impact upon the learning process. Many studies have been conducted to establish the relationship between vision problems and academic performance. The results are varied, however, and suggest additional research is needed with particular care given to study design. This study ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Previous work has suggested that the number of permanent play facilities in school playgrounds and school-based policies on physical activity can influence physical activity in children. However, few comparable studies have used objective measures of physical activity or have had little adjustment for multiple confounders. METHODS: Physical activity ...

  Allergic contact dermatitis to various components of toilet seats is being recognized and reported with increasing frequency. This report details the case of an young girl who was found to be allergic to plastic found in both a toilet seat and a school chair. It highlights particular problems with ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity is not only associated with adult obesity but also with increased risk of adult onset of type 2 diabetes and subsequent coronary heart disease. The potential effects of school-based health intervention programmes on cardiovascular risk and surrogate markers are unclear, as only few studies have attempted ...

To examine trends and correlates of passive (inactive) commuting to school among Chinese children aged 6-18 years in nine provinces. The trends analysis used school commuting data from the China Health and Nutrition Surveys in 1997 (n=2454), 2000 (n=1978), 2004 (n=1549) and 2006 (n=1236). Generalized estimating equations examined trends after ...

Aims:  Orthostatic dysregulation (OD) is common in adolescents. This study was conducted to evaluate the usefulness of the measurement of the diameter of the inferior vena cava (IVC) for objective assessment of patients with OD. Methods:  Twenty children with OD (median 14 years, range 9-15 years) and 23 age-matched healthy ...

SummaryThis paper examines the impact of childhood malnutrition on schooling performance in rural Bangladesh. The results reveal that malnourished children are less likely to enrol in school on time and achieve an age-appropriate grade by 26 percentage points and 31 percentage points, respectively. Other important determinants of schooling outcomes include ...

Background: School-based screening and prevention programs for adiposity generally target school children in grades 4 and 6 (age 9-11 years). The aims of this study were to evaluate the validity of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) in identifying abdominal adiposity in fifth-grade Japanese school ...

BACKGROUND: To assess the prevalence of negative body image and weight loss behaviour among children in primary and secondary school. METHODS: Data were collected during the routine health assessment, in 10 767 children in the 6th grade (9-10 years) of primary school and the 2nd grade (13-14 years) of secondary school ...

Akesen E, Turan S, Güran T, Atay Z, Save D, Bereket A. Prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in 6-18-yr-old school children living in Istanbul, Turkey. Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is among the most common chronic diseases in childhood and the incidence of T1DM is increasing worldwide. There ...

Objectives:To explore the activitystat hypothesis in primary school children by asking whether more physical activity (PA) in school time is compensated for by less PA at other times.Study Design:Observational, repeated measures (four consecutive occasions over a 12-month period).Setting:South-west England.Participants:A total of 206 children (115 boys, aged 8-10 years) from 3 ...

Obesity has become a global public health problem, which also affects children. It has been proposed that the educational interventions during childhood could be a key strategy in the prevention of obesity. To evaluate the efficacy of an intervention on food habits and physical activity in school children. A 2-year ...

Dengue infection causes a significant economic, social and medical burden in affected populations in over 100 countries in the tropics and sub-tropics. Current dengue control efforts have generally focused on vector control but have not shown major impact. School-aged children are especially vulnerable to infection, due to sustained human-vector-human transmission ...

A group-randomized controlled trial was carried out to investigate the effects of a postural education program on daily life habits related to low back pain in children. The study sample included 137 children aged 10.7 years. 6 classes from 2 primary schools were randomly allocated into an experimental group (EG) ...

The purpose of this study was to determine the average prevalence of children across the nation who experience difficulty in attending school after an acute orthopaedic injury. A survey was created to obtain information on school absence for children with acute orthopaedic injuries. All members of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society ...

This paper investigates the claim that the shift from a selective to a comprehensive school system had a deleterious effect on social mobility in Great Britain. Using data from the National Child Development Study, we compare the chances, for both class and income mobility, of those who attended different kinds ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the nationwide prevalence of childhood asthma, eczema and other allergic diseases in Korean school-age children (8-11 yr old) and to assess the difference between residential areas. Among 6,279 elementary schools, 427 schools were randomly selected according to residential area (metropolitan, provincial, rural, ...

Most studies of psychosocial and demographic correlates of physical activity (PA) have examined relationships across various types of physical and social environments, rather than within a specific environmental behavior setting. The objective of this study was to investigate correlates of PA in structured and unstructured after-school recreation sessions. This study ...

Background/Objectives:To determine if consumption of yogurt containing a high dose of probiotic (1 × 10(10) colony-forming unit per 100 ml), Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (B. lactis), decreases absences in children 2-4 years attending daycare/school centers.Subjects/Methods:We conducted a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, allocation concealment clinical trial in the Washington, DC area. Our active ...

The need to understand where and how much physical activity (PA) children accumulate has become important in assisting the development, implementation, and evaluation of PA interventions. The purpose of this study was to describe the daily PA patterns of children during the segmented school-week. 829 children participated by wearing pedometers ...

The present study was undertaken to provide data on the Bender-Gestalt test for children aged 5 to 11 in Turkey. Although it is well documented that sociocultural factors are important in cognitive evaluations, the effects of type of school and differing educational opportunities provided by these schools on the Bender-Gestalt ...

School feeding programs (SFPs) are intended to alleviate short-term hunger, improve nutrition and cognition of children, and transfer income to families. The present review explores the impact of SFPs on nutritional, health, and educational outcomes of school-aged children in developing countries. Peer-reviewed journal articles and reviews published in the past ...

Physical activity at school can support obesity prevention among youth. This paper assesses the role of existing school physical activity programs for a national cohort from first grade to fifth grade. We analyzed a cohort from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey-Kindergarten Cohort which included 8246 children in 970 schools across ...

Walking to school is an important source of physical activity among children. There is a paucity of research exploring environmental determinants of walking to school among children in urban areas. A cross-sectional secondary analysis of baseline data (2007) from 365 children in the "Multiple Opportunities to Reach Excellence" (MORE) Study ...

We examined the associations between the physical, social, and policy environments of schools and adiposity in 9-10 year old children in Norfolk, UK. The relationships between 56 school-level variables and Fat Mass Index (FMI; fat mass (kg)/height (m(2))) were investigated among 1724 well characterised children from 92 schools in this ...

In efforts to reduce the global burden of soil transmitted helminth (STH) infections in school age children (SAC, 6-14 years old), Children Without Worms donates mebendazole to 8 countries with high prevalence of STH infections. Cambodia's national deworming program currently targets SAC through bi-annual school-based distributions of a single dose ...

A healthy lifestyle school-based obesity intervention was evaluated in a rural southern community where the rate of obesity ranks as the highest. School-age children (N = 450) ranging from 6 to 10 years of age (M(age) = 8.34) participated in monthly physical activity and nutritional events during a 9-month academic ...

In 2007, the rate of intestinal helminth infection in primary school-aged children in a rural village in Southwestern Kenya was estimated to be at least 68%, based on direct stool smear. Since the 2007 survey, these same school children have been treated with 400-mg albendazole every 3 months. We repeated ...

Low Birth weight infants are at risk of many problems. Therefore their outcome must evaluate in different ages especially in school age. In this study we determined prevalence of ophthalmic, hearing, speaking and school readiness problems in children who were born low birth weight and compared them with normal birth ...

Background:  Environmental factors associated with schooling systems in various countries have been implicated in the rising prevalence of myopia, making the comparison of prevalence of refractive errors in migrant populations of interest. This study aims to determine the prevalence of refractive errors in children of Middle Eastern descent, raised and ...

Objective: School children use information and communication technology (ICT) on a regular basis for a variety of purposes. The purpose of this study was to document how school children spend their time and the different types of ICT they use. Methods: Nine Australian primary school children were observed in their ...

Does achievement independent of ability or previous attainment provide a purer measure of the added value of school? In a study of 4000 pairs of 12-year-old twins in the UK, we measured achievement with year-long teacher assessments as well as tests. Raw achievement shows moderate heritability (about 50%) and modest ...

School interventions such as the Incredible Years Classroom Dinosaur Programme targets pupil behaviour across whole classrooms, yet for some children a more intense approach is needed. The Incredible Years Therapeutic Dinosaur Programme is effective for clinically referred children by enhancing social, problem-solving skills, and peer relationship-building skills when delivered in ...

Skin diseases are common among school children worldwide. However, limited information is available about the socioeconomic correlates that contribute to their development among school children in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Objectives: to identify the prevalent transmissible and non-transmissible skin disorders among male primary school children in Al Hassa, ...

This paper examined associations between various aspects of home and school environments and child body mass index (BMI) in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study - Kindergarten cohort, a panel dataset of US children collected from 1998 to 2004. Using three-level growth curve modeling with a sample of approximately 11,400 children, ...

To report prevalence of commuting to school in Norway with regard to season, gender, parental education level, ethnicity and distance to school. Cross-sectional questionnaire data from the Fruits and Vegetables Make the Marks project collected in 2008, including 1339 ten to twelve-year-old children from 27 schools. The participants were categorized ...

The impact of neighborhood walkability (based on street connectivity and traffic exposure) within 2km of public primary schools on children regularly walking to school was examined. The most (n=13) and least walkable (n=12) schools were selected using a school-specific 'walkability' index and a cross sectional study undertaken of Year 5, ...

Cross-national analyses explore the consistency of the relationship between negative school experiences and involvement in bullying across 40 European and North American countries, using the 2006 (40 countries n = 197,502) and 2002 (12 countries, n = 57,007) WHO-HBSC surveys. Measures include two Cumulative Negative School Perception (CNSP) scales, one ...

OBJECTIVE:: School readiness is best understood as a framework for assessing profiles of strengths and vulnerabilities of the preschool-age child. Very preterm (VPT) children are at high risk of difficulties in school, and understanding their school readiness skills has the potential to aid successful transition into school. The aim of ...

Background. Trait emotional intelligence (trait EI or trait emotional self-efficacy) refers to individuals' emotion-related self-perceptions (Petrides, Furnham, & Mavroveli, 2007). The children's trait EI sampling domain provides comprehensive coverage of their affective personality. Preliminary evidence shows that the construct has important implications for children's psychological and behavioural adjustment. Aims. This study investigates ...

Investigate Tooth Surface Loss TSL, among 12-14 years school children in Khartoum State, Sudan; evaluate pattern, severity and determine relationship between TSL, dietary habits and socio-economical status. Cross sectional survey among primary public and private schools. METHOD AND PARTICIPANTS: Cluster sample of 1,138 12 to 14-year old students from both ...

the school setting is an important context for the development of children's eating behaviours. As most Australian children (86%) bring their lunch from home, knowledge of what parents provide in home-prepared school lunches can inform efforts to improve their nutritional quality. This study investigated the content of children's home-prepared school ...

The impact of asthma on school performance particularly compared with that of other chronic conditions, is relatively unexplored, and the results of analyses that have been conducted are inconclusive. This article examines associations between asthma and school functioning. The data are from the 1998/1999 National Longitudinal Survey of Children and ...

To compare prevalence of goitre in primary school children; to determine median urinary iodine concentration in children; and, to assess level of salt iodization at retail trader level. 30 cluster survey study. Primary schools of Kutch district, Gujarat, India. Total 70 students including five boys and five girls from 1st ...

Two studies are reported that examine the hypothesis that children construct representations of poverty based on a theory of causal essentialism. One hundred and twenty Chilean kindergartners, half from low socio-economic status (SES) schools and the other half from high-SES schools, participated in the study. The results showed children's tendency ...