Immune globulin subcutaneous 20% is a new high-concentration (200 g/L) solution of highly purified human IgG (≥98%) indicated in the EU and the US for antibody replacement therapy in patients with primary immunodeficiency with antibody deficiency, and in the EU for replacement therapy in humoral immunodeficiency secondary to myeloma or chronic ...

Rituximab is a chimeric, murine-human, monoclonal antibody against the CD20 antigen of B lymphocytes. It has been used off-label to treat and manage autoimmune and dermatologic diseases as an alternative or adjuvant therapy to systemic treatments. Due to cost, potential complications, and lack of data rituximab is used after standard ...

Abstract Although it is believed that altered conformations exposing cryptic regions are intermediary and critical steps in the mechanism of transthyretin (TTR) amyloid formation, no effective therapy targeting this step is available. In this study, to establish the antibody therapy for familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP), we generated a monoclonal anti-TTR ...

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is an acute life threatening disorder, for which mortality remains relatively unchanged since the introduction of plasma therapy. Improved understanding of the pathophysiology has identified that the majority of cases result from antibodies directed against ADAMTS 13, which is required to cleave von Willebrand Factor. The ...

See article in J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2012; 27: 481-486.

In this study the effect of dexamethasone on the formation of pneumococcal antibodies during community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) was investigated. No differences were found between CAP patients receiving dexamethasone as additional therapy and patients receiving placebo with respect to immune response rates and mean baseline and convalescent antibody concentrations.

BACKGROUND: Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) is a severe bleeding disorder caused by maternal antibody-mediated destruction of fetal or neonatal platelets (PLTs). Results from our recent large screening study suggest that the pathophysiology of FNAIT is more similar to hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) than previously ...

A flexible method to extract more high-quality information from tissue sections is critically needed for both drug discovery and clinical pathology. Here, we present micro-immunohistochemistry (μIHC), a method for staining tissue sections at the micrometre scale. Nanolitres of antibody solutions are confined over micrometre-sized areas of tissue sections using a ...

Antigen-loaded dissolving microneedle array (dMNA) patches were investigated as novel systems for vaccine delivery into the skin, where immuno-competent dendritic cells are densely distributed. We fabricated micron-scale needles arrayed on patches, using chondroitin sulfate mixed with a model antigen, ovalbumin. Insertion of dMNA effectively delivered substantial amounts of ovalbumin into ...

Targeted delivery of antigen improves immunogenicity and can obviate the use of adjuvants. In addition to molecular targeting based on affinity interactions, particle-based antigen targeting to myeloid cells is also an efficient means to enhance immune responses. We compared the efficiency of targeting a model antigen, streptavidin, to CD40 and ...

This study investigated the site of release of a model vaccine antigen from plant cells and the corresponding induced immune response. Three plant tissues (leaf, fruit and hairy root) and two formulations (aqueous and lipid) were compared in two mouse trials. A developed technique that enabled detection of antigen release ...

Antigen presentation and microbial killing are critical arms of host defense that depend upon cargo trafficking into lysosomes. Yet, the molecular regulators of traffic into lysosomes are only partly understood. Here, using a lysosome-dependent immunological screen of a trafficking shRNA library, we identified the Arf-like GTPase Arl8b as a critical ...

The physicochemical properties and stability requirements of therapeutic proteins necessitate their parenteral administration even for local therapy; however, unnecessary systemic exposure increases the risk of avoidable side-effects. The objective of this study was to use fractional laser ablation to enable the delivery of intact, functional therapeutic antibodies into the skin ...

Antibodies and antibody conjugates have emerged as important tools for cancer therapy. However, a major therapeutic challenge for the use of antibodies is their inability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to reach tumors localized in the central nervous system (CNS). Multiple methods have been developed to enhance antibody delivery ...

Targeted delivery of nanoparticles (NPs) carrying vaccine components to dendritic cells (DCs) is a promising strategy to initiate antigen-specific immune responses. Improving the interactions between nanoparticle-carried ligands and receptors on DCs is a major challenge. These NPs are generally coated with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), to shield non-specific interactions, and antibodies, ...

The selectivity of PEGylated immunoliposomes based on monoclonal antibodies against GFAP and the E2 extracellular loop of connexin 43 (MAbE2Cx43) with respect to the focus of a glioma was estimated in experiments on animals with intracranial C6 glioma. Stealth immunoliposomes were labeled with two alternative labels, a fluorescent (Dil C18) ...

Nanoparticles (NPs) prepared from biodegradable polymers, such as poly (D,L-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), have been studied as vehicles for the delivery of antigens to phagocytes. This paper describes the preparation of antigen-loaded PLGA-NPs for efficient cross-priming. NPs containing a similar amount of ovalbumin (OVA) but different sizes were produced using ...

Yeast-mediated protein delivery to mammalian antigen-presenting cells is a powerful approach for inducing cell-mediated immune responses. We show that coexpression of the pore-forming protein listeriolysin O from Listeria monocytogenes leads to improved translocation of a proteinaceous antigen and subsequent activation of specific T lymphocytes. As the resulting yeast carrier is ...

It is very clear that RNA interference (RNAi) is a potent and versatile tool for gene silencing. One of the hurdles to making siRNA/miRNA a human therapeutic includes effective in vivo delivery and being able to deliver drugs to target cells only. The commercial success of in vivo applications of ...

We describe the newly generated DAK-PAX5 monoclonal antibody raised against a fixation-resistant epitope of the human PAX5/BSAP molecule. Following Western-blot, absorption, and chess-board titration tests, and optimization of antigen-retrieval and detection methods, DAK-Pax5 was used in parallel with a reference antibody (clone 24) on tissue micro-arrays (TMAs) constructed from normal ...

To compare immunohistochemical results of cytokeratin AE1/AE3, the traditional favored marker, with MUC16 and cytokeratin 19 for diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in epithelial downgrowth and control corneas. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed in 5 cases of epithelial downgrowth and 5 control specimens for MUC16, cytokeratin AE1/AE3, and cytokeratin 19 using the ...

E7 is the major oncoprotein of high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) which causes cervical cancer. To date E7 oncoproteins have not been investigated in cervical adenocarcinoma. In this study we generated a rabbit monoclonal anti-HPV-16 E7 antibody, RabMab42-3, which recognizes a conformational epitope in the E7 carboxy-terminal zinc-finger resulting in a ...

The CA125 antigen, recognized by the OC125 antibody, is a tissue-specific circulating antigen expressed in ovarian cancer. The CA125 antigen is encoded by the MUC16 gene cloned by Yin and Lloyd. The full-length gene describes a complex tethered mucin protein present primarily in a variety of gynecologic tissues, especially neoplasms. ...

The synthesis of perfluoroalkylated glycopeptide antigens and their specific binding to anti-MUC1 mouse antibodies is reported.

Autopsies of the submandibular gland, the vestibular folds and the soft palate from 65-87 old humans were examined to record the immunohistochemical expression of MUC1 and the simple mucin-type antigens Tn and Sialyl-Tn. (1) The serous acini in the submucosal glands from the larynx and the soft palate expressed MUC1-associated ...

A Le(x) trisaccharide functionalized with a cysteamine arm was prepared and this synthesis provided additional information on the reactivity of N-acetylglucosamine O-4 acceptors when they are glycosylated with trichloroacetimidate donors activated with excess BF(3)·OEt(2). In turn, this trisaccharide was conjugated to BSA lysine side chains through a squarate-mediated coupling. This ...

The authors analysed the potential use and limitations of carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) antigen as a marker with diagnostic and prognostic value in cases of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The study reports that >95% of ccRCCs show high and homogeneous levels of CAIX expression by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction ...

The aberrant glycosylation profiles of mucin glycoproteins on epithelial tumour cells represent attractive target structures for the development of immunotherapy against cancer. Mucin-type glycopeptides have been successfully investigated as molecularly defined vaccine prototypes for triggering humoral immunity but are susceptible to rapid in vivo degradation. As a potential means to ...

The cancer antigen 15/3 is a mucin that is associated with the cell membrane, encoded by the MUC1 gene, and recognized by the monoclonal-clone DF3 antibody. The latter antigen was discovered to be specific for both the identification of human mammary neoplasia and during patient follow-up evaluations. The aim of ...

Cosmc is a molecular chaperone thought to be required for expression of active T-synthase, the only enzyme that galactosylates the Tn antigen (GalNAcalpha1-Ser/Thr-R) to form core 1 Galbeta1-3GalNAcalpha1-Ser/Thr (T antigen) during mucin type O-glycan biosynthesis. Here we show that ablation of the X-linked Cosmc gene in mice causes embryonic lethality ...

The choice of appropriate therapeutic plans for primary endocervical adenocarcinomas and endometrial adenocarcinomas depends on the site of origin of the tumor. The purpose of this study was to make clear whether the immunohistochemistry of the true cytokeratin 8/18 monoclonal antibody (Leica Microsystems, Newcastle, United Kingdom), instead of CAM 5.2 ...

PURPOSE: We evaluated the predictive role of serum and urinary carbohydrate antigen 19-9 in the diagnosis and followup of pediatric ureteropelvic junction obstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 27 children with ureteropelvic junction obstruction who underwent pyeloplasty (group 1), and 41 controls consisting of 27 healthy children (group 2) ...

Betapapillomaviruses (betaPVs) may contribute to the aetiology of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. However, no high-risk types have yet been identified, possibly because the high frequency of co-infection prevents a straightforward analysis of the independent effects of individual viruses. This study aimed to determine whether specific virus types were more likely ...

BACKGROUND: Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas develop in preneoplastic mucosal fields that can extend over several centimeters in diameter. Most of these fields are microscopically recognized as dysplasias. These fields are often not adequately treated and might cause local relapse. Previous investigations demonstrated that mouthwash therapy with oncolytic adenoviruses ...

Gel-forming mucins are large high-molecular weight secreted O-glycoproteins responsible for the gel-properties of the mucus blanket. Five orthologous gel-forming mucins have been cloned in human and mouse. Among them, the mucin MUC6 has been less studied, particularly in rodents and no anti rodent-Muc6 antibody has been reported yet. In order ...

Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) has been found to be integrated monoclonally in a rare skin cancer named Merkel cell carcinoma. More recently, MCPyV has been detected in the upper respiratory tract of pediatric and adult patients. However, the mode of transmission and pathogenic role of MCPyV in the respiratory system ...

Aim: To examine expression profiles of LewisX(Le(x))-related antigens, which have a possible role in hematogenous metastatic spread in various malignancies, in renal cell cancer (RCC) tissue in order to evaluate their prognostic value for patients with low-stage RCC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-two patients with pT1-2N0M0 disease were evaluated for their ...

Cancer cells undergo significant changes in carbohydrate expression, and these alterations can be useful as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In this study, we investigated the expression of carbohydrate antigens containing a terminal GalNAcalpha1-3Gal or GalNAcalpha1-6Gal on human cervix and cervical carcinoma. Monoclonal antibodies to each of these carbohydrates were generated ...

The aim was to compare the expression of MUC1 and carbohydrate antigens in 124 tissue samples; 42 fibroadenoma (FA), 23 nonproliferative benign diseases (NPF), 25 usual epithelial hyperplasia (UEH), 7 atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), and 27 breast normal tissues. An immunohistochemical approach was adopted, using the following antibodies: reactive with ...

Patients with unresectable parathyroid carcinoma develop severe hypercalcemia, bone fractures and renal failure, and become unresponsive to conventional treatments. It has been shown that successful induction of anti-parathyroid hormone (PTH) antibodies, using PTH peptide fragments for immunisation, normalized serum levels of calcium as well as improved clinical symptoms. Here, we ...

Immunohistochemistry represents a relatively new identification technique of cellular and tissular antigens due to an antigen-antibody binding interactions, applied more and more in the pathology laboratories for positive and differential diagnosis of premalignant and malignant lesions and also for evolutive prognosis of tumoral formations. Immunohistochemistry coloration is based on the ...

Mucin 1 (MUC1) glycoprotein is normally expressed at low levels on the luminal side of healthy colonic epithelial cells. In colon cancer and other epithelial tumors, MUC1 is overexpressed and hypoglycosylated. Antibodies specific for this "tumor form" of MUC1 are found in cancer patients. We hypothesized that MUC1 expression might ...

Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is frequently and highly expressed on human carcinomas. The emerging role of EpCAM as a signalling receptor and activator of the wnt pathway, and its expression on tumor-initiating cells, further add to its attractiveness as target for immunotherapy of cancer. Thus far, five conventional monoclonal ...

We observed previously that two carbohydrate epitopes, extended type 1 chain Le(a)-Le(a) and Le(b)-Le(a), are expressed strongly in human gastric or colorectal cancer and cell lines derived therefrom, but their expression in human normal colorectal cells is highly limited. A monoclonal antibody, termed GNX-8, was established through immunization of "KM ...

Squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder has been associated with Schistosoma haematobium infection in many parts of Africa. The epidemiologic association is based on case control studies and on the close correlation of urinary bladder cancer incidence with prevalence of S. haematobium infection within different geographic areas. A parasite-tumor ...

To develop useful early and/or differential diagnostic markers for pulmonary adenocarcinomas, we generated monoclonal antibodies using A549 cells derived from pulmonary adenocarcinomas as an immunogen. Hybridoma supernatants were immunohistochemically screened for antibody production by AMeX-fixed and paraffin-embedded A549 cell preparations. Positive clones were monocloned twice by limiting dilutions. From a ...

OBJECTIVE: To apply cytomorphologic features and a limited panel of immunocytochemistry to cervicovaginal smears to distinguish between primary endocervical adenocarcinoma (ECA) and primary endometrial adenocarcinoma (EMC). STUDY DESIGN: The study was a retrospective analysis of 35 cases, of which 21 were of primary endometrial origin and 14 were of primary ...

Several sulfated sialoglycoconjugates have recently been shown to serve as ligands for selectins and siglecs. For instance, alpha2-->3 sialylated 6-sulfo-Lewis x was found to serve as a ligand for selectins on skin-homing helper memory T cells, and alpha2-->6 sialylated 6-sulfo-LacNAc to be a preferred ligand for CD22/siglec-2 on human na?ve ...

Endometriosis is defined by the presence of tissue implants resembling endometrial glands outside of the uterus, at ectopic sites, frequently on the ovarian surface. The ectopic lesions are often invasive, resistant to therapy, and may predispose to endometrioid and clear cell ovarian tumors. The complex mechanisms leading to chronic endometriosis ...

Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) has been detected in approximately 75% of patients with the rare skin cancer Merkel cell carcinoma. We investigated the prevalence of antibodies against MCPyV in the general population and the association between these antibodies and Merkel cell carcinoma. Multiplex antibody-binding assays were used to assess levels ...