ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: 7D-cadherins like LI-cadherin are cell adhesion molecules and represent exceptional members of the cadherin superfamily. Although LI-cadherin was shown to act as a functional Ca2+-dependent adhesion molecule, linking neighboring cells together, and to be dysregulated in a variety of diseases, the physiological role is still enigmatic. Interestingly 7D-cadherins ...

Lake Untersee is one of the largest (11.4 km(2) ) and deepest (>160 m) freshwater lakes in East Antarctica. Located at 71°S the lake has a perennial ice cover, a water column that, with the exception of a small anoxic basin in the southwest of the lake, is well mixed, supersaturated with ...

The aim of this study was to determine any increase in the incidence of cone cut errors that adversely affected diagnostic yield resulting in more retakes using rectangular collimation with film holders in bitewing radiography. Comparisons were also made with other positioning errors that occurred when bitewings were taken with ...

This study assessed a new experimental model to analyze the effects of sodium hypochlorite solution 2.5% for 10 min and chlorhexidine 2% for 15 s on cones surface alterations. Twenty five gutta-percha and 25 thermoplastic synthetic polymer-based cones had their last 1 mm from the tapered end examined by scanning ...

Radiopacity is required for embolic materials to be monitored by angiography during embolization. Covalently bound radio-opaque biomaterials would be ideal for embolization. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-PEG-acrylate) modified with 2-iodobenzoyl chloride was synthesized and characterized by (1)H-NMR, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray opacity. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-PEG-2-iodobenzoate) shows radiopacity, as well as thermo-sensitivity. Cytotoxicity testing on these ...

The static frictional coefficients (SFC) of a Co-Cr and a gold alloys were evaluated for the application of a cone crown telescope system in removable prosthesis. The SFCs of the Co-Cr alloy were lower than those of the gold alloy. The SFC of the gold alloy decreased by annealing at ...

In this study, a series of electrochemically active oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) linear-dendrons have been synthesized and grafted onto electrode surfaces by cyclic voltammetry (CV) to improve protein resistance. Dendronized molecules with peripheral carbazole functionality and branching architecture enabled tethering of the poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) or OEG group with a predictable ...

Objectives: To investigate the influence of thermal history on the physical behavior of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), commonly used as a pharmaceutical excipient. Materials and methods: Rheological investigations together with SEM imaging and solid state analysis by XRPD and DSC were used to characterize PEG as starting material, as well as ...

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) polymer lens arrays are made by using dip-pen nanolithography to deposit nanoscale PEG features on hydrophobically modified quartz glass. The dimensions of the PEG lenses are controlled by tuning dwell time and polymer molecular weight. The PEG polymer lenses on the quartz substrate act as a phase-shift ...

A self-assembly approach to tuning the optical properties of a star copolymer is reported herein. The star copolymer HCP-star-PEG with a hyperbranched conjugated polymer (HCP) core and many linear poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) arms has been prepared successfully. The HCP core was synthesized by Wittig coupling of N-(n-hexyl)-3,6-diformylcarbazole and 1,3,5-bis[(triphenylphosphonio)methyl]benzene tribromide. ...

In this work, the polymer reference interaction site model is applied to investigate the structure of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) aqueous solution with the strong hydrogen-bond interactions. In the theoretical model, the renormalized technique of electrostatic potentials is combined with our recently proposed multisite semiflexible chain model to describe the inter- ...

The current study demonstrates that methacrylate and acrylate poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) functional oligomers can be effectively impregnated into wood blocks, and cured efficiently to high conversions without catalyst by e-beam radiation, allowing for less susceptibility to leaching, and favorable properties including higher Brinell hardness values. PEG based monomers were chosen ...

The objective of the present investigation was to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of atorvastatin calcium (ATR) by a solid dispersion technique using poly(ethylene glycol) 6000 (PEG 6000). Microwave energy was used to prepare an enhanced release dosage form of the poorly water soluble drug ATR with PEG 6000 ...

To achieve sustained release of 3-ethyl-4-(4-methylisoxazol-5-yl)-5-(methylthio) thiophene-2-carboxamide (BFB0261), a new potent osteogenic compound for treating bone disorders, we prepared film formulations containing BFB0261 and the following newly synthesized biodegradable polymers by a solvent casting technique: poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PLA), poly(D,L-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), poly(D,L-lactic acid)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLA-PEG), and poly(D,L-lactic acid-co-trimethylene carbonate) ...

The synthesis of four novel poly(oxyethylene aminophosphonate)s through an addition of poly(oxyethylene H-phosphonate)s to N-(4-dimethylaminobenzylidene)-p-toluidine or N-furfurylidene-p-toluidine is reported. The IR and 1H, 13C and 31P NMR data of the poly(aminophosphonate)s are given. The polymers consist of aminophosphonate and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) units only. They are expected to act in ...

We have developed a potentially fibrinolytic surface in which a bioinert polymer is used as a spacer to immobilize lysine such that the ε-amino group is free to capture plasminogen when in contact with blood. Adsorbed plasminogen can be activated to plasmin and potentially dissolve nascent clots formed on the ...

Experiments were conducted on the adsorption characteristics of o-, m- and p-nitrophenols by organically modified bentonites at different temperatures. Two organobentonites (HDTMA-B and PEG-B) were synthesized using hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMABr) and poly(ethylene glycol) butyl ether (PEG). Synthesized HDTMA-B and PEG-B were characterized by XRD, FTIR and DTA-TG analyses and their ...

Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and low molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were covalently immobilized on silicon wafers and gold films by way of the CH insertion reaction of perfluorophenyl azides (PFPAs) by either photolysis or thermolysis. The immobilization does not require chemical derivatization of PEO or PEG, and polymers of different ...

Ophthalmic drug delivery with long pre-corneal retention time and high penetration into aqueous humor and intraocular tissues is the key-limiting factor for the treatment of ocular diseases and disorders. Within this study, the conjugate of cysteine-polyethylene glycol monostearate (Cys-PEG-SA) was synthesized and was used to compose the thiolated nanostructured lipid ...

A pH-sensitive polymer was synthesized by introducing the N-Boc-histidine to the ends of a PLGA-PEG-PLGA block copolymer. The synthesized polymer was confirmed to be biodegradable and biocompatible, well dissolved in water and forming micelles above the CMC. DOX was employed as a model anticancer drug. In vitro drug release from ...

The aggregation of perfluoroctanoate salts in H(2)O is studied by (19)F NMR on solutions of LiPFO, NaPFO, and CsPFO, without and with the addition of two poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) oligomers of molecular weight 1500 and 3400 Da, respectively, and with the addition of suitable crown ethers. The (19)F chemical shift ...

The thermal transitions of confined polymers are important for the application of polymers in molecular scale devices and advanced nanotechnology. However, thermal transitions of ultrathin polymer assemblies confined in subnanometre spaces are poorly understood. In this study, we show that incorporation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) into nanochannels of porous coordination ...

Protein-resistant coatings have been studied for inhibiting biofilm formation on implant devices. In this study, titanium (Ti) surfaces were biofunctionalized with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) by electrodeposition and were evaluated as biofilm substrates under an oral simulated environment. Streptococcus gordonii, an early colonizer of oral biofilms, was inoculated on Ti and ...

The long-time behavior of the hydrolysis and condensation reaction of the tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) pre-solution at different pH values with and without addition of polyethyleneglycol (PEG) for various aging times was characterized by liquid (1)H, (13)C, and (29)Si NMR spectroscopy. After aging, the alcohol is released in the TEOS pre-solution without ...

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) star polymers containing GRGDS (Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser) peptide sequences on the star periphery were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA), GRGDS modified poly(ethylene glycol) acrylate (GRGDS-PEG-Acryl), fluorescein o-methacrylate (FMA), and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) via an "arm-first" method. Star polymers were ...

A series of amphiphilic 8-arm PEG-b-PLLA co-polymers with star-shaped structure was synthesized through ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide (L-LA) in the presence of 8-arm PEG as a macroinitiator by varying feeding molar rations of L-LA to 8-arm PEG. 8-arm PEG-b-PLLA co-polymers having certain PEG content and PEG length were found to ...

In this investigation two vitamin C-based -6-O-ascorbic acid esters (ASC₁₂ and ASC₁₆), able to form liquid-crystal structures (coagels) was evaluated for their potential usefulness to promote the permeation and distribution of ibuprofen (IBU). Two coagel formulations and the same coagels added of polyethylene glycol (PEG-400) were assayed in comparison with ...

Polymer and metalloid nanoparticles can be conjugated in a symphonized manner using ultrasonochemical force to obtain hybrid nanocomposites. The process is demonstrated using polymer poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), metalloid SiO(2)@Ag, and triblock copolymer ABA. The acoustic microstreaming and cavitation force from the ultrasonics are crucial parameters that determine the harmonized PEG ...

In this work we report a one-step method for the fabrication of poly(ethylene glycol) PEG-like chemical gradients, which were deposited via continuous wave radio frequency glow discharge plasma polymerization of diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DG). A knife edge top electrode was used to produce the gradient coatings at plasma load ...

The current study synthesized macromolecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents constituted of the poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(L-lysine) block copolymer (PEG-P(Lys)). A chelate group, 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA), was attached to the primary amino group of the block copolymer in desired contents. Gd-DOTA-based macromolecular contrast agents were prepared from PEG-P(Lys) having DOTA (PEG-P(Lys-DOTA) ...

The nonspecific interaction of proteins with surfaces in contact with biofluids leads to adverse problems and is prevented by a biocompatible surface coating. The current benchmark material among such coatings is poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). Herein, we report on the synthesis of linear polyglycerol derivatives as promising alternatives to PEG. Therefore, ...

The study of site-specific brain activity associated with dolphin echolocation has been hampered by the difficulties inherent in administering radiolabels and performing medical imaging while a dolphin echolocates in an aquatic environment. To overcome these limitations, a system has been developed to allow a bottlenose dolphin to echolocate while out ...

Dendrodontia taiwaniana, Epithele cylindricosterigmata and E. lutea are described and illustrated as new species. Dendrodontia taiwaniana is similar to D. bicolor in having a similar hymenial surface and hyphal system, but the former has smaller basidia and basidiospores and lacks dendrohyphidia. Epithele cylindricosterigmata resembles E. sulphurea in sharing similar basidiospores, ...

The solubility of pioglitazone hydrochloride in binary mixtures of polyethylene glycol 400 with ethanol, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, propylene glycol, and water at 25 degrees C are reported. The generated data are fitted to the Jouyban-Acree model and the mean relative deviations are 2.6%, 1.5%, 5.8%, and 7.4%, respectively for ethanol, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, propylene ...

The principal aim of this study was to synthesize and characterize pH-sensitive biodegradable triblock copolymers containing a hydrophobic polyacetal segment for controlled drug delivery. Poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ethyl glyoxylate)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-PEtG-PEG) triblock copolymers with PEG molecular weights 500 (PEtG-PEG(500)) and 750 (PEtG-PEG(750)) were synthesized by PEtG end-capping with methoxy PEG via a ...

The surfaces of biodegradable peptide nanospheres with density-controllable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) brush layers were amenable to high levels of control, from hydrophilic 'stealth' properties to hydrophobic adsorptive properties depending on the PEG density in response to environmental conditions -'intelligent' properties that are expected to be useful for novel drug delivery ...

The isothermal hybridization of complementary oligonucleotides, 15-mer, 25-mer, 35-mer, and a molecular beacon, was investigated under varying conditions of molecular crowding and ionic strength, using hypochromicity to follow strand pairing and polyethylene glycol as a crowding agent. Thermodynamic analysis of the results revealed the addition of counterions to the oligonucleotide ...

Recently, we demonstrated that loading of HAuCl(4) in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-attached poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) G4 dendrimers and subsequent reduction with NaBH(4) yield dendrimers encapsulating gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), which have photoinduced heat-generating properties. This study was undertaken to enhance photothermal properties of the Au NP-incorporated PEG-attached dendrimers by growing Au NPs ...

Large solutes such as high molecular weight proteins can be difficult to encapsulate in lipid vesicles. Passive trapping of these macromolecular solutes during vesicle formation typically results in concentrations inside the vesicles that are much lower than in the external solution. Here, we investigated the effect of macromolecular crowding on ...

Using microbubbles as model systems, we examined molecular diffusion and binding to colloidal surfaces in bimodal poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) brush layers. A microbubble is a gaseous colloidal particle with a diameter of less than 10 mum, of which the surface comprises amphiphilic phospholipids self-assembled to form a lipid monolayer shell. ...

The adsorption of chromium compounds from solutions by a composite of polyaniline/poly ethylene glycol (PANi/PEG) was investigated in this study. Experiments were conducted in batch mode under various operational conditions including agitation time, solution pH, PANi/PEG dose and initial concentration of chromium salts. Results showed that concentration of PEG at ...

In the present study, the role played by the reactants concentration on the nonlinear response of a Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) system to the addition of a self-assembling non-ionic polymer, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), has been assessed. The oscillatory parameters are influenced to an extent that significantly depends on the concentration of both ...

Photopolymerized thermosensitive A-B-A triblock copolymer hydrogels composed of poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide lactate) A-blocks, partly derivatized with methacrylate groups to different extents (10, 20, and 30%) and hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) B-blocks of different molecular weights (4, 10, and 20 kDa) were synthesized. The aim of the present study was to correlate the polymer ...

Dextran and polyethylene glycol (PEG) are often covalently bound to the surface of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) for the purpose of modifying its hydrophilicity and biocompatibility. In this work, the effects of the dextran and PEG on the morphology, wetting, and surface charge of the resulting surfaces were quantified and correlated with ...

Hydration- and temperature-induced microphase separations were investigated by simultaneous small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS and WAXS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in a family of copolymers in which hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) blocks are inserted randomly into a hydrophobic polymer made of either desaminotyrosyl-tyrosine ethyl ester (DTE) or iodinated ...

The aggregation behavior and dynamics of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(lactide) (PLA) chains in a homologous series of eight-armed PEG-PLA star block copolymers ((PEG(65)-NHCO-PLA(n))(8) with n = 11, 13, and 15) in water at different concentrations and temperatures were studied by means of (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy and (1)H ...

Polyethylene glycol-phospholipid micelles form a major class of nanocarriers in pharmacy and medicine due to proven capability in drug solubilization, sustained drug release, and evidence for targeted drug delivery in vivo. In this report, we have prepared micelles composed of PEG-block-poly(N-hexyl stearate l-aspartamide) (PEG-b-PHSA), having nine stearic acid side chains, ...

Curcumin, bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione, is a yellow-orange pigment which can be synthesised chemically or isolated from the plant Curcuma longa L. Curcumin has a rather broad absorption peak in the range 300-500 nm (maximum approximately 430 nm) and has potential as a photosensitiser for treatment of localised superficial infections in e.g., the ...

Protein metabolism and expression play important role in plant adaptation to water stress. The objectives of this study were to examine proteomic responses to water stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) leaves and to identify proteins associated with stress tolerance. Plants of two cultivars ...

The aim of the present study was to improve the inhibitory properties of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as excipient in drug delivery systems by covalent attachment of thiol moieties. This was achieved by grafting PEG to polyethylenimine (PEI) and finally thiolation with γ-thiobutyrolatone. Furthermore, the potential of this novel thiolated PEG-g-PEI ...