PURPOSE: The differential ability of apple snail tissues, endosymbionts, and eggs to bioaccumulate several metals (Sb, As, Ba, Br, Zn, Cr, Fe, Hg, Se, and U) was investigated. METHODS: Metal concentrations were determined by neutron activation analysis in several tissues, endosymbionts, and eggs from mature apple snails cultured in either ...

Neurosurgical insults to the pituitary gland have the potential to precipitate a disparate group of electrolyte disorders in both the short and long term. The normally robust production of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) from the posterior pituitary can be disrupted in the post surgical period and can present with a variety ...

The simultaneous detoxification processes of transformer oil contained PCBs and heavy metals in medical waste incinerator (MWI) fly ash were developed under sub- and supercritical water. The addition of MWI fly ash to transformer oil contained PCBs were found to increase the destruction efficiency of PCBs, at the same time, ...

Polacrilin Potassium NF is a commonly used weak cation exchange resin disintegrant in pharmaceutical tablets. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of sorbed moisture on physical characteristics and disintegrant performance of four brands of Polacrilin Potassium NF. The disintegrants were stored in five different relative humidity ...

The electrospinning (ES) process was used to fabricate composite nanofibers (NFs) of poly(methyl methacrylate) - PMMA with embedded multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) from a solution of PMMA in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) with homogenously dispersed MWNTs. Using both the sink-like and the elongation flows in the electrospinning process, the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) ...

The hydrophilic features of natural fibers (NFs) hinder the widespread application of natural fiber/polymer composites due to the hydroxyl groups (-OH) presented in the cellulose molecule. Detecting reactive hydroxyl groups in NFs is very important for optimizing the modification process of natural fibers. This paper proposes a simple and practical ...

A chemical vapour deposition (CVD) based innovative approach was applied with the purpose to develop composite TiO(2) photocatalytic nanofiltration (NF) membranes. The method involved pyrolytic decomposition of titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) vapor and formation of TiO(2) nanoparticles through homogeneous gas phase reactions and aggregation of the produced intermediate species. The grown ...

Contamination of water from nanomaterials will be an emerging problem in the future due to incorporation of nanomaterials in many commercial products and improper disposal of waste materials. In this report, electrospun polyvinyl alcohol nanofibers (PVA NFs) with diameters ranging between 300 and 500 nm were used for the extraction ...

A voltammetric method based on a combination of incorporated Nafion, single-walled carbon nanotubes and poly(3-methylthiophene) film-modified glassy carbon electrode (NF/SWCNT/PMT/GCE) has been successfully developed for selective determination of dopamine (DA) in the ternary mixture of dopamine, ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA) in 0.1M phosphate buffer solution (PBS) pH ...

A water-dichloromethane interface-assisted hydrothermal method was employed to grow rutile TiO(2) nanowires (NWs) on electrospun anatase TiO(2) nanofibers (NFs), using highly reactive TiCl(4) as precursor. The water-dichloromethane interface inhibited the formation of rutile NWs in water phase, but promoted the selective radial growth of densely packed rutile NWs on anatase ...

Single water molecules have been isolated in solid Ar matrices at 4 K and studied by rovibrational spectroscopy using FTIR in the regions of the ν(1), ν(2), and ν(3) modes. Upon nuclear spin conversion at 4 K, essentially pure para-H(2)O was prepared, followed by subsequent fast annealing generating ice particles. ...

Twelve adolescent athletes underwent, in a crossover-design study, 3 separate 90-min training sessions in the following conditions: no fluid ingestion allowed (NF), ad libitum ingestion of water (W), and ad libitum ingestion of a commercial 8% carbohydrate-electrolyte sports beverage (CSB). After each session athletes performed a set of basketball drills ...

The accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant precipitated by the earthquake and subsequent tsunami that struck the northeastern coast of Japan in March 2011 has raised concerns about the potential impact to marine biota posed by the release of radioactive water and radionuclide particles into the environment. The ...

A two-stage ultrafiltration and nanofiltration (UF/NF) process for the treatment of model dairy wastewater was investigated to recycle nutrients and water from the wastewater. Ultracel PLGC and NF270 membranes were found to be the most suitable for this purpose. In the first stage, protein and lipid were concentrated by the ...

A study was performed to determine the effect of pH, alkalinity, natural organic matter (NOM) and dissolved oxygen in the performance of nitrogen and fluorine doped TiO(2) (NF-TiO(2)) for the degradation of hepatotoxin microcystin-LR (MC-LR) in synthetic and natural water under visible light irradiation. The initial degradation rate of MC-LR ...

A new depth-integrated sample arm (DISA) was developed to improve the representation of solids in stormwater, both organic and inorganic, by collecting a water quality sample from multiple points in the water column. Data from this study demonstrate the idea of vertical stratification of solids in storm sewer runoff. Concentrations ...

Sassi, A, Stefanescu, A, Menaspa, P, Bosio, A, Riggio, M, and Rampinini, E. The cost of running on natural grass and artificial turf surfaces. J Strength Cond Res 25(3): 606-611, 2011-The purpose of this study was to evaluate the metabolic cost of running (Cr) on natural grass (NG) and artificial ...

Physiological adjustments and passive thermal insulation are not sufficient to protect divers in the cold and warm waters experienced by sport, professional and military divers. In a previous study of resting subjects, divers were protected by actively heated/cooled water that perfused a six-zone (head, torso, arms, hands, legs and feet) ...

BACKGROUND: Continent catheterizable ileal pouches require regular irrigations to reduce the risk of bacteriuria and urinary tract infections (UTIs). OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to compare the UTI rate, patient friendliness, and costs of standard sterile irrigation versus irrigation with tap water. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-three patients participated in a ...

A heritage of physical consequences of the U.S.-Soviet arms race has accumulated, the weapons-grade plutonium (WPu), which will become excess as a result of the dismantlement of the nuclear weapons under the arms reduction agreements. Disposition of Pu has been proposed by mixing WPu with high-level radioactive waste with subsequent ...

Three nanofiltration (NF) membranes with a chlorine tolerance > or = 1 mg L-1 were applied to reduce DBPs and their precursors in swimming pool water. A lab scale plant with crossflow modules was installed in by-pass at the sand filter outlet of a swimming pool for a period of ...

Greywater reuse inside buildings is a possible way to preserve water resources and face up to water scarcity. This study is focused on a technical-economic analysis of greywater treatment by a direct nanofiltration (NF) process or by a submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) for on-site recycling. The aim of this paper ...

A combined system using nano MgO and nanofiltration (NF) membrane was established to purify polluted water in this experiment. The turbidity, permanganate index, UVA254, colony counts and the concentrations of NO3-, NO2-, NH4+, Fe, Mn and Mg of the effluents from each unit of this combined system were measured to ...

Nanofiltration (NF) is an attractive technology for potable and industrial water treatment because NF operates between ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. NF is designed to remove a high percentage of organic contaminants (humic acids, pesticides, color bodies) while passing a medium to high percentage of salt. Compared to ...

There is an expanding body of evidence that free-living amoebae (FLA) increase both the numbers and virulence of water-based, human-pathogenic, amoeba-resisting microorganisms (ARM). Legionella spp., Mycobacterium spp., and other opportunistic human pathogens are known to be both ARM and also the etiologic agents of potentially fatal human lung infections. However, ...

A monomer-on-monomer (MoM) Mitsunobu reaction utilizing norbornenyl-tagged (Nb-tagged) reagents is reported, whereby purification was rapidly achieved by employing ring-opening metathesis polymerization, which was initiated by any of three methods utilizing Grubbs catalyst: (i) free catalyst in solution, (ii) surface-initiated catalyst-armed silica, or (iii) surface-initiated catalyst-armed Co/C magnetic nanoparticles.

The sorption characteristics of naphthenic acids (NAs) in their anion form with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) based polyurethanes, as sorbents, from aqueous solutions that simulate the conditions of oil sands process water (OSPW) are presented. The copolymer sorbents were synthesized at various β-CD:diisocyanate monomer mole ratios (e.g., 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3) with ...

Biochars have received increasing attention in recent years because of a large-scale soil amendment to improve soil fertility, immobilize contaminants, and to serve as a recalcitrant carbon stock. Information is currently lacking in factors controlling the sorption capacity of manure-derived biochars. In this study, sorption isotherms for deisopropylatrazine, a stable ...

Sorption of pyrene and phenanthrene to model (illite and charcoal) and natural (Yangtze sediment) geosorbents were investigated by batch techniques using fluorescence spectroscopy. A higher adsorption of phenanthrene was observed with all sorbents, which is related to the better accessibility of smaller molecules to micropores in the molecular sieve sorbents. ...

The objectives of this study were to investigate the significance of the effects and interactions for during competitive sorption of soluble microbial products (SMP). Batch experiments were conducted to assess the competitive sorption characteristics and individual affinity of glucose (carbohydrate) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) (protein) as two representative fractions ...

Understanding in situ metalloid surface speciation on mineral surfaces is critical to predicting the bioavailability in surface and subsurface environments. In this study, Mo K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was used to elucidate Mo(VI) surface speciation at the goethite-water interface. Effects of pH and loading levels were investigated. X-ray absorption ...

The crosslinked chitosan beads were used as an efficient biosorbent to remove perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) from aqueous solution. The chitosan biosorbent had a sorption capacity up to 5.5 mmol/g for PFOS at the equilibrium concentration of 0.33 mmol/L, much higher than some conventional adsorbents. The sorption kinetics indicated that the ...

Amphiphilic star shaped polymers with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) arms and cross-linked hydrophobic core were synthesized in water via either conventional free radical polymerization (FRP) or atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) techniques using a simple "arm-first" method. In FRP, PEO based macromonomers (MM) were used as arm precursors, which were then ...

Polymerin is a humic acid-like polymer, which we previously recovered for the first time from olive oil mill waste waters (OMWW) only, and chemically and physicochemically characterized. We also previously investigated its versatile sorption capacity for toxic inorganic and organic compounds. Therefore, a review is presented on the removal, from ...

The biosorption characteristics of cations and anions from aqueous solution using polyethylenimine (PEI) modified aerobic granules were investigated. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis exhibit the presence of PEI on the granule surface. Compared with the raw granule, the modified aerobic granules with PEI showed a ...

Use of electron-beam induced crosslinking to pattern films of monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles (MPNs) onto a chemiresistor (CR) sensor array is described. Each of the four CRs comprises a 100 µm(2) set of interdigital electrodes (IDEs) with 100 nm widths and spaces, separated from adjacent devices by 4 µm. Films of ...

Organic micropollutants such as estrogens occur in water in increasing quantities from predominantly anthropogenic sources. In water such micropollutants partition not only to surfaces such as membrane polymers but also to any other natural or treatment related surfaces. Such interactions are often observed as sorption in treatment processes and this ...

Column sorption experiments were conducted at 330°C and 250°C to study the vapor-phase sorption of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) on two kinds of municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerator fly ashes, kaolinite, montmorillonite and activated carbon (AC). Both Freundlich equation and linear equation well fitted the sorption isotherms of HCB vapor on fly ...

Removal and preconcentration of Mo(VI) from water and wastewater solutions was investigated using carminic acid modified anion exchanger (IRA743). Various factors influencing the adsorption of Mo(VI), e.g. pH, initial concentration, and coexisting oxyanions were studied. Adsorption reached equilibrium within <10 min and was independent of initial concentration of Mo(VI). Studies ...

The Serbian natural zeolite is moderately effective in removing the zinc(II) ions from aqueous solutions. At 298 K the sorption capacity varies from 13 to 26% for the initial Zn(II) solution concentration of 100 and 600 mg Zndm(-3), respectively. The sorption isotherm at 298-338 K is best represented by the ...

Nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) was successfully entrapped in chitosan (CS) beads for reduction of Cr (VI) from wastewater. The removal mechanism may include both physical adsorption of Cr (VI) on the surface or inside of CS-NZVI beads and subsequent reduction of Cr (VI) to Cr (III). The free amino groups ...

Strontium-90 is considered the most important radioactive isotope in the environment and one of the most frequently occurring radionuclides in groundwaters at nuclear facilities. The uranyl peroxide studtite (UO2O2 . 4H2O) has been observed to be formed in spent nuclear fuel leaching experiments and seems to have a relatively high ...

Sorption of toluene and xylene by tire crumb rubber (TCR) and its main components: carbon black (CB) and styrene-butadiene polymer (SBP) were evaluated. The 12 starting concentrations of adsorbates in aqueous solutions ranged from 0.05 mg/L to 100.0mg/L. The amounts of CB and SBP used in the sorption tests were ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dentin bonding durability of three HEMA-containing one-step self-etch adhesives after one-year water storage and to measure the amounts of their water sorption/solubility. OptiBond All-In-One (OP), Bond Force (BF) and Clearfil S³Bond (S³) were applied to the dentin surfaces according to manufacturers' ...

The effect of water vapor sorption on the local structure of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), was investigated using high-quality X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD). To examine the effects on molecular scale structure due to polymer chain length and water sorption, different molecular weights of PVP were studied at ambient temperature and different controlled ...

Chromium--Cr(VI) in the form of potassium dichromate--has been shown to specifically enhance white matter signal. The proposed mechanism for this enhancement is reduction of diamagnetic Cr(VI) to paramagnetic chromium species by oxidizable myelin lipids. The purpose of the study herein was to better understand the microanatomical basis of this enhancement ...

In this study, a new dynamic water vapor sorption gravimetry (DWVSG)-Raman spectroscopy coupled system is presented and described for the investigation of water (de)sorption-induced solid-phase transition of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The innovative characteristic of the system is the possibility to measure up to 23 samples gravimetrically and spectroscopically in ...

Carbamazepine is a prescription anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing pharmaceutical administered to humans. Carbamazepine is persistent in the environment and frequently detected in water systems. In this study, sorption and desorption of carbamazepine from water was measured for smectite clays with the surface negative charges compensated with K+, Ca2+, NH4+, tetramethylammonium ...

In this study, poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAA/HCl) was cross-linked with fermentation bacterial waste (Escherichia coli) in order to introduce a large amount of amine groups as binding sites for potassium hexachloroplatinate(IV), as a model anionic pollutant. The sorption performance of PAA/HCl-modified E. coli was greatly affected by the dosages of PAA/HCl ...

Phenanthrene sorption and desorption from sediment/soil in fresh and saline water were measured, and effects of nanopores, solute concentration, and salinity on sorption-desorption hysteresis were discussed. The extent and kinetics of sorption-desorption hysteresis depend much on the pore distribution of the sorbents, and greater but slower-developed hysteresis occurred on the ...