Value-based choices are influenced both by risk in potential outcomes and by whether outcomes reflect potential gains or losses. These variables are held to be related in a specific fashion, manifest in risk aversion for gains and risk seeking for losses. Instead, we hypothesized that there are independent impacts of ...

Age-related loss of sex steroid hormones is a established risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in women and men. While the relationships between the sex steroid hormones and AD are not fully understood, findings from both human and experimental paradigms indicate that depletion of estrogens in women ...

This year marks the centenary of the death of Dr Sophia Jex-Blake, one of the handful of women who, in the face of enormous professional opposition and of legal difficulties, established the right of women both to train in and to practise medicine in this country.

Background:  Alcohol abuse and dependence are common problems in the United States that stem from a variety of factors, one of which may be a period of high level social drinking during college and early adulthood. Extant study implicates risk taking as a cognitive factor that contributes to habitual and ...

Children of alcoholics (COAs) are at elevated risk to develop alcohol and other substance use disorders. The neurobiological underpinnings of this heightened vulnerability are presently not well understood. This study investigated whether, in humans, COAs have different functioning of the mesolimbic reward circuitry beyond previous substance use confounds and examined ...

OBJECTIVES: To compare characteristics of indoor and outdoor recurrent fallers and explore some implications for clinical practice, in which a fall risk assessment for all recurrent fallers has been recommended. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Maintenance of Balance, Independent Living, Intellect, and Zest in the Elderly of Boston Study, a ...

Background:  The physical features of fetal alcohol syndrome include smooth philtrum, thin vermillion border, short palpebral fissures, microcephaly, and growth deficiencies on weight and height. However, little is known about the specific quantities of alcohol exposure, pattern of drinking, timing of exposure, and magnitude of risk for each of these ...

This study examined the hypothesis that lower prenatal androgen exposure and earlier puberty are associated with more dysfunctional eating attitudes and behaviors. Relationships between both age at menarche (AAM) and 2D:4D (a marker of prenatal androgen exposure), and EDI-2-Body Dissatisfaction, EDI-2-Drive for Thinness, and EDI-2-Bulimia scores, were examined in women ...

To evaluate ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) in women who had been pregnant with a child suffering from neural tube defect. Samples from 50 women who had been pregnant with an affected child (25 spina bifida, 25 anencephaly) and 25 controls matched for age, gestational age, and body mass index were studied. ...

Affective neuroscience has helped guide research and theory development in judgment and decision-making by revealing the role of emotional processes in choice behavior, especially when risk is involved. Evidence is emerging that qualitatively and quantitatively different processes may be involved in risky decision-making for gains and losses. We start by ...

BACKGROUND: Impulsivity, particularly risk taking, is believed to play a significant role in alcohol use disorders (AUDs). While risk taking has been measured using questionnaires, recent performance-based tasks such as the Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART) have shown considerable promise in understanding risky decision-making processes in drinkers. While the number ...

Given that women increasingly report using drugs to lose weight, substance abuse treatment programs must include body image, weight, eating pathology, and health knowledge as core intervention targets. This study tested the efficacy of a supplemental health and body image curriculum designed for women in substance abuse treatment who report ...

PURPOSE. To compare anatomic lower limb features of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient versus -intact knees in Chinese subjects. METHODS. Anatomic lower limb features (mechanical axis, tibiofemoral angle, posterior tibial slope, notch width index, and hip neck-shaft angle) of 25 men and 3 women aged 18 to 39 (mean, 26) years ...

Comprehensive georeference records for human African trypanosomiasis in Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon were combined with human population layers to estimate a kernel-smoothed relative risk function. Five risk categories were mapped, and ≈3.5 million persons were estimated to be at risk for this disease.

Body dissatisfaction is a common problem among adolescent girls that is linked to serious outcomes, including the development of eating disorders. This study tested to what degree five theorized risk factors (weight-related teasing, thin-ideal internalization, body mass index [BMI], self-esteem, and perfectionism) predicted prospective changes in body dissatisfaction. At baseline, ...

A cross-sectional study was conducted using body mass index (BMI) to estimate the prevalence of thinness and overweight/obesity and associated factors in 2,018 individuals with HIV/AIDS attending health services referral centers. The dependent variable was classified as thinness, overweight/obesity and eutrophy. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed considering eutrophy as ...

Cardiovascular risk factors are associated with cognitive impairments. However, the effects of cardiovascular risk factors on the topography of cortical thinning have not yet been studied in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the topography of cortical thinning related to cardiovascular risk factors ...

Purpose: To determine whether retinal nerve fiber layer defect (RNFLD) is associated with cerebral small vessel diseases (SVDs) and to identify risk factors for RNFLD. Methods: A total of 4,421 Korean subjects who underwent health checkups including brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fundus photography between January 2008 and October ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the best available evidence regarding the association between single-layer closure and uterine rupture. METHODS: The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched for relevant observational and experimental studies that included women with a previous single, low, transverse cesarean delivery who had attempted ...

The role of SMC apoptosis and proliferation was correlated to the amount of fibrillin and alfa-smooth muscle actin of primary varicose veins. Twenty varicose vein specimens were atraumatically harvested from 20 women undergoing lower extremity primary varicose vein excision. The patients were divided into groups according to age (<50 years, ...

The objective of this research was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of a commercially available computer-aided detection (CAD) system for detection of lung nodule on posterior-anterior (PA) chest radiograph in a varied patient population who are referred to computed tomographic angiogram (CTA) of the chest as a reference standard. ...

Background Data from primary care records could potentially provide more comprehensive population-level information on smoking prevalence at lower cost and in a more timely fashion than commissioned national surveys. Therefore, we compared smoking prevalence calculated from a database of primary care electronic medical records with that from a 'gold standard' ...

Postmenopausal bleeding is "cancer until proven otherwise." A thin distinct endometrial echo on transvaginal ultrasound has a risk of malignancy of 1 in 917 and does not require an endometrial biopsy. If the endometrial echo is poorly visualized, then in such women, saline infusion sonohysterography is an appropriate next step. ...

Several pharmacotherapeutic options, both FDA-approved and off-label, exist for the treatment of adult ADHD. The most commonly used agents include several stimulants and atomoxetine, which have demonstrated significant, though similar, efficacy for ADHD versus placebo. Treatment should be selected according to patient comorbidity profiles, cardiovascular risks, and risk of abuse ...

The purpose of this study was evaluating prevalence of osteopenia in young women.40 young untrained women between the age of 20-25 years (obese n = 20, BMI > 30 and thin n = 20, BMI < 20) volunteered to participate in this study. Bone mass density (BMD), percentage body fat ...

Objective: This study examines the relative relationships of self- and other-reports of adult ADHD symptoms to important life competencies, and also investigates whether self- and other-reports of ADHD symptoms are differentially associated with interrater differences in reports of competence. Method: A total of 91 women completed a self-perception questionnaire assessing ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether low Apgar scores at 5 minutes are associated with increased risks of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study of all 980 902 singletons born in Denmark from 1988 to 2001. All children were monitored from 3 years of ...

There is increasing interest regarding the risk and overlap of executive function deficits (EFDs) in stable cigarette smoking and substance use disorders (SUD). Therefore, we examined whether earlier EFD was a risk factor for subsequent cigarette smoking and SUD and further explored the relationship between EFD and SUD. We assessed ...

The inspection of foveal and parafoveal thickness in healthy pregnant women in the last trimester. This study included 40 healthy pregnant women in their last trimester (study group: 40 women, 80 eyes) and 37 nonpregnant women (control group: 37 women, 74 eyes). Visual acuity, intraocular pressure, slit lamp examination of ...

Objective: Given the mixed literature in the area, the aim of the current study was to determine whether sex differences exist in inattention, hyperactivity, and impairment in college adults with ADHD. Method: Individuals from three universities were recruited for the study. Participants with (n = 164) and without ADHD (n ...

South Asian Immigrants (SAIs) have high rates of coronary artery disease (CAD) and its risk factors. This is alarming as i) SAIs are the 2nd fastest growing Asian immigrant population in the US; ii) CAD prevalence is 2 times higher than in other immigrant populations; iii) at any risk factor ...

The problem of domestic violence is widespread, with research indicating men and women both perpetrate a substantial amount of aggression. However, aggression perpetrated by women is a relatively understudied area compared to aggression perpetrated by men. Additionally, research is needed to determine the correlates of aggression perpetration among women, as ...

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) affects multiple organs and systems, severely involving the cardiovascular system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of endothelial dysfunction with (13)N-ammonia PET in asymptomatic SLE patients. We enrolled 16 women with SLE and 16 healthy women. Myocardial blood flow (MBF) was quantified ...

Recent studies have also revealed that interleukin (IL)-17A plays a key role in atherosclerosis and its complication, but the relationship of its common variants with coronary artery disease (CAD) has not been extensively studied. We systematically screened sequence variations in the IL17A gene and designed an angiography-based case-controlled study consisting ...

We sought to replicate the association between the kinesin-like protein 6 (KIF6) Trp719Arg polymorphism (rs20455), and clinical coronary artery disease (CAD). Recent prospective studies suggest that carriers of the 719Arg allele in KIF6 are at increased risk of clinical CAD compared with noncarriers. The KIF6 Trp719Arg polymorphism (rs20455) was genotyped ...

The author attempted to replicate Ohbuchi, Kameda, and Agarie's (1989) study which found that giving an apology, with or without harm removal, reduced aggressive responses among a sample of Japanese college women. The author found similar results with a U.S. sample of college women. The results provide evidence for cross-cultural ...

Colorectal adenoma and coronary artery disease (CAD) appear to share common risk factors, such as male gender, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and obesity. We investigated the relationship between colorectal adenoma and coronary atherosclerosis, as a risk factor for colorectal adenoma. A cross-sectional study was conducted on Korean men who presented for ...

Using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), we sought to characterize coronary morphology in women with chest pain without major epicardial obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). We have previously observed an unexpectedly high rate of adverse outcomes among women with chest pain and normal or insignificant obstructive CAD. Information about the presence and ...

As data on the cardiovascular risk associated with CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 polymorphisms is controversial, we performed a cross-sectional analysis of subjects enrolled in the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) study. CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 genetic polymorphisms were determined with real-time PCR in 2827 patients. Based on angiography, 1052 of these ...

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a marker of increased cardiovascular (CVS) risk and may indicate the need for aggressive evaluation for cardiovascular disease (CVD). In younger men with ED, the Framingham risk assessment has inadequate sensitivity. There is a need to develop a more sensitive risk-stratification protocol for this population. We ...

The purpose of our study was to perform a prospective assessment of the impact of a CAD system in a screen-film mammography screening program during a period of 3 years. Our study was carried out on a population of 21,855 asymptomatic women (45-65 years). Mammograms were processed in a CAD ...

The objective of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the first generation dual-source computed tomography (DSCT) in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). We selected articles from four databases (Pubmed, Embase, the Cochrane central register of controlled trials (CENTRAL) and Chinese biomedical literature database. The strict ...

Genome-wide association studies have mapped loci that are associated with serum levels of bilirubin. Bilirubin is a major component of gallstones so we investigated whether these variants predict gallstone bilirubin content and overall risk for gallstones. Loci that were identified in a meta-analysis to attain a genome-wide significance level of ...

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to assess whether oxidation-specific biomarkers are associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) events. BACKGROUND: The relationship of a panel of oxidative biomarkers and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] to CAD risk is not fully determined. METHODS: A prospective case-control study nested in the EPIC (European ...

To determine the role of quantitative analysis of poststress and resting left ventricular function using sex-specific criteria to detect high-risk coronary artery disease (CAD) as defined by the Duke CAD Prognostic Index. Stress technetium-99m-sestamibi-gated single-photon emission computed tomography and coronary angiography were performed in 407 consecutive patients (300 men, 107 ...

It is generally believed that in 50% of perimenopausal women several factors other than classical risk factors play a significant role in the development of premature coronary artery disease (CAD). To determine the prevalence of five classical risk factors (cigarette smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia and obesity) in women aged〈 55 ...

The purpose of the study was to assess the presence and extent of atherosclerosis determined by 64-slice CTA in patients with 0 coronary calcium score (CACS) and to evaluate the affect of demographic features and risk factors on the atheroma burden of these patients. 883 cases (378 (42.8%) male, 505 ...

: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity with high health care cost in both developed and developing countries. CAD accounts for nearly 50% of all yearly deaths in Iran. : The aim of this study is to explore the main CAD risk factors in ...

AIMS: Atherosclerosis causes coronary artery disease (CAD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD) or peripheral arterial obstructive disease (PAOD). The risk of new vascular events and mortality is high. Direct comparisons of vascular event rates are scarce. METHODS AND RESULTS: Vascular risk factors and outcome events of 3563 patients from a university hospital ...

Arachidonate 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, but with contradicting results. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of two polymorphisms in ALOX15 and the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in a Chinese Han population. A total of 519 unrelated CAD patients ...