To successfully stimulate cycling, it is necessary to understand the factors that facilitate or inhibit cycling. Little is known about how changes in the neighborhood environment are related to changes in cycling behavior. This study aimed to identify environmental determinants of the uptake of cycling after relocation. The RESIDential Environment ...

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between mucociliary transport and physical activity in daily life (PADL) in smokers and nonsmokers. METHODS: Fifty-two current smokers were submitted to assessment of mucociliary transport (Sacharin Transit Time, STT), carbon monoxide levels in the exhaled air, lung function and smoking history. In addition, subjects kept ...

The purpose of this interpretive phenomenological study was to explore the meaning of loneliness in community-dwelling older adults and to understand their daily practices in coping with loneliness. The sample consisted of 8 women and 4 men. Interviews were conducted with the 12 participants utilizing several tools, including 3 separate ...

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of the MCT1 T1470A polymorphism (rs1049434) on venous blood lactate levels in men and women, during three different circuit weight training protocols. DESIGN: Cross-sectional laboratory study. METHODS: 14 women and 15 men, all caucasian and moderately active, performed three circuit training sessions (Weight Machine Protocol, ...

This study uses data from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health to describe the trends in the proportion of older women who drive themselves as their main means of transport, factors associated with giving up driving, and the impact of women's caring roles on driving cessation. Compared to major ...

Background: Evidence is accumulating on associations between neighbourhood built environments and transport-related physical activity. Fewer studies have investigated leisure-time physical activity. Objectives: We investigated associations of five objectively measured characteristics of the neighbourhood built environment (destination access, street connectivity, dwelling density, land use mix and streetscape quality) with residents' self-reported ...

Please cite this paper as: Castilla et al. (20XX) Risk factors and effectiveness of preventive measures against influenza in the community. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00361.x. Background  The role of different risk exposures and preventive measures against influenza has not been well established. Objective  The aim of this study ...

Introduction: The inverse relationship between HDL-C and cardiovascular disease risk suggests that increasing HDL-C could potentially reduce the disease risk. Reverse cholesterol transport is considered to be the primary mechanism by which HDL-C exerts its anti-atherogenic effects. A key regulator of RCT is cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). Areas Covered: ...

This study examined the association between all-cause/cardiovascular mortality and PM(2.5) as related to Asian dust (AD), smog-AD, smog, and nonevent days and evaluated the differential risks according to specific events for mortality. The daily records of all-cause/cardiovascular mortality and PM(2.5) from March to May 2003-2006 in Seoul, Korea, were used ...

Incarcerated women report high rates of prior unintended pregnancies as well as low contraceptive use. Because jail could be a site of contraception care, this study aimed to assess women's access to contraception prior to their arrest. A cross-sectional survey was administered to 228 reproductive-aged, nonpregnant women arrested in San ...

This study examines the relationship between the total amount of accumulated unemployment during the deep Swedish recession of 1992-1996 and mortality in the following 6 years. Nearly 3.4 million Swedish men and women, born between 1931 and 1965 who were gainfully employed at the time of the 1990 census were ...

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between leisure-time physical activity (PA) (walking, moderate- and vigorous-intensity activities) and transport (active commuting) with quality of life (QoL) domains (physical, social relations, environmental and psychological). METHODS: Participants were 1,461 adults (18-65 years) living in the city of Curitiba, Brazil. QoL was assessed using the abbreviated ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Socio-ecological models emphasize the relationship between the physical environment and physical activity (PA). However, knowledge about this relationship in older adults is limited. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the relationship between area of residence (urban, semi-urban or rural) and older adults' walking and cycling for transportation ...

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have described a gender bias against women in the setting of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). OBJECTIVES: We sought to measure the impact that a prehospital electrocardiogram (PH ECG) has on prehospital total scene time to hospital arrival time, comparing men and women with the complaint of chest ...

The purpose of this study was to compare the validity of 2 physical activity questionnaire formats-one that lists activities (Checklist questionnaire) and one that assesses overall activities (Global questionnaire) by domain. Two questionnaire formats were validated among 260 African-American and Hispanic women (age 40-70) using 3 validation standards: 1) accelerometers ...

OBJECTIVE:Epigenetic mechanisms are increasingly being recognized as an important factor for obesity. The serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) has a critical role in regulating food intake, body weight and energy balance. This study examines the potential association between SLC6A4 promoter methylation and obesity measures in a monozygotic (MZ) twin sample.METHODS:We studied ...

Of all potentially radiogenic cancers, leukemia, a type of cancer of the blood, has the highest risk attributable to ionizing radiation. Despite this, the quantitative estimation of radiation risk of a leukemia demands studying very large exposed cohorts, because of the very low level of this disease in unexposed populations ...

BACKGROUND: Diagnostic imaging plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis and management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, increasing use has led to concerns about the malignant potential of ionising radiation. Several studies have demonstrated that diagnostic imaging can result in exposure to potentially harmful levels of ionising radiation in ...

BACKGROUND:: Use of lubricant products is extremely common during receptive anal intercourse (RAI) yet has not been assessed as a risk for acquisition of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). METHODS:: Between 2006 and 2008, a rectal health and behavior study was conducted in Baltimore and Los Angeles as part of the ...

The work activity of urban bus drivers is held in the public space and characterized by a constant vigilance, but the moments of observation the colleagues' work are scarce. This fact results in a paradox - it is a work activity that is more visible to "outsiders" than to "insiders" ...

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) specifies guidelines covering the securement system and environment for wheeled mobility device (WhMD) passengers on the public bus system in the United States, referred to as the wheelchair tiedown and occupant restraint system (WTORS). The misuse or disuse of the WTORS system can be ...

The objective was to analyze the work activity and identify risk factors that could account for musculoskeletal disorders in the upper extremities, shoulder and neck of workers of a transport values company in Venezuela. The methods used were: collective interview, tasks observation, evaluation of posture with RULA method and evaluation ...

Severe tick infestation was found in a hare in a suburban area of Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China. We sampled ticks and identified them based on their morphologic characteristics. Three species, Ixodes sinensis, which is commonly found in China and can experimentally transmit Borrelia burgdorferi, Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides, and Haemaphysalis longicornis which ...

The purposes of the authors in this study were: (1) to determine whether published body mass index and bioelectrical impedance analysis equations agreed with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry body fat percentage measures and (2) to estimate new body mass index and bioelectrical impedance analysis equations in a sample of African ...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: There is increasing evidence suggesting that WHO body mass index (BMI) cut-off values are outdated and should not be applied to different population. To overcome misclassifications, direct measurements of percentage body fat (PBF) would be a better tool for preobesity and obesity diagnosis. The aim of this ...

High vitamin A ingestion or high serum retinol have been postulated to increase the risk of fractures and osteoporosis by reduced bone mineral density (BMD). Retinol is carried and transported to the tissues bound to retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) and transthyretin (TTR). The relationships between retinol, retinol transport protein, ...

Evaluations of radiation exposures of workers and the public traditionally focus on assessments of radiation dose, especially annual dose, without explicitly evaluating the health risk associated with those exposures, principally the risk of radiation-induced cancer. When dose is the endpoint of an assessment, opportunities to communicate the significance of exposures ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The aims were to explore bone mineral density (BMD) by digital X-ray radiogrammetry (DXR) in postmenopausal women with long-lasting rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in relation to dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-BMD, joint destruction by conventional radiographs and disease related variables in a cross-sectional study. METHODS: Seventy-five postmenopausal women with RA ...

Background. Literature reports examining the association of bone mineral density (BMD) and socioeconomic status suggest of an inconclusive relation. Methods. We studied 58 and 54 women (mean age 49.5 ± 7.2 years) from upper socioeconomic class (USC) and lower socioeconomic class (LSC), respectively, for their BMD at lumber spine and ...

Randomized trials of bacterial vaginosis (BV) treatment among pregnant women to reduce preterm birth have had mixed results. Among non-pregnant women, BV recurs frequently after treatment. Randomized trials of early BV treatment for pregnant women in which recurrence was retreated have shown promise in reducing preterm birth. Syracuse's Healthy Start ...

Recent findings suggest that men have higher mortality rates than women after a hip fracture. Although the risk of osteoporotic fractures in men is increasing, male osteoporosis still remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. In general, male osteoporosis is given low priority by policy makers in public health initiatives. The purpose of ...

Obesity protects against osteoporosis, but the magnitude of this association has been difficult to assess from cross-sectional or short term studies. We examined the time course of bone loss as a function of body mass index (BMI) in early and late postmenopausal women. Our study population (n = 300) was a random ...

Introduction: This is the first study using national data to evaluate transportation risks among emergency medical technicians (EMTs) and paramedics (to be referred to hereafter as "EMTs") in the United States.Hypothesis: This epidemiological study compares the transportation risks for EMTs to the transportation risks for all workers in the US.Methods: ...

BACKGROUND/AIM: Cirrhosis is considered as a risk factor for osteoporosis whose prevalence is poorly known. The aim was to assess prospectively bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with alcoholic or viral compensated cirrhosis. METHODS: From 2006 to 2008, patients with viral or alcoholic compensated cirrhosis had BMD assessment by dual-energy ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) both in serum and in endometrial biopsy samples from infertile patients with endometrial polyps, to investigate the molecular background involved in the formation of endometrial polyps and its potential role in infertility. DESIGN: Prospective controlled trial. SETTING: Academic infertility clinic. PATIENT(S): Twenty-one infertile ...

In 2010 the International Atomic Energy Agency launched the "3 A's campaign": Audit, Appropriateness and Awareness for radiological justification, which is an effective tool for cancer prevention. Cardiologists prescribe the majority of radiological testing, but their awareness of doses and risks of ionizing cardiac imaging test is low. To assess ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between alcohol consumption and aortic arch calcification (AAC) in an older Chinese sample. METHODS: In 27,844 older people aged 50-85, socioeconomic position and lifestyle factors were assessed by a questionnaire. The presence and severity of AAC were diagnosed from chest X-ray by two experienced radiologists. ...

Abstract Introduction. The aim of this model study was to estimate and compare the risk of radiation-induced adverse late effects in pediatric patients with medulloblastoma (MB) treated with either three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D CRT), inversely-optimized arc therapy (RapidArc(®) (RA)) or spot-scanned intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT). The aim was also to ...

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: To evaluate the value of a pelvic X-ray compared to clinical examination in diagnosing pelvic ring fractures, using computed tomography (CT) as the gold standard, in alert [Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) ≥ 13] adult blunt trauma patients in the emergency room. METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed ...

Germline mutations in BRCA1/2 confer a high risk of breast cancer (BC), but the magnitude of this risk varies according to various factors. Although controversial, there are data to support the hypothesis of allelic-risk heterogeneity. We assessed variation in BC risk according to the location of mutations recorded in the ...

PURPOSE: To study incidence of radiation-related heart disease in a large population of breast cancer patients followed for up to 30years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 72,134 women diagnosed with breast cancer in Denmark or Sweden during 1976-2006 and followed prospectively. Radiation-related risk was studied by comparing women with left-sided and right-sided ...

BACKGROUND: Ionizing radiation alters thyroid function, and workers at a nuclear weapons facility may be exposed to above environmental levels of radiation. METHODS: Hypothyroid status was determined for 622 former workers of a nuclear weapons facility located in Texas, using a combination of measured thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and ...

Epidemiological studies have evaluated the association between X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 gene (XRCC1) Arg399Gln and Arg194Trp polymorphisms and risk of prostate cancer (PCa). However, the results from the published studies on the association between these two XRCC1 polymorphisms and PCa risk are conflicting. To derive a more precise estimation ...

Arab American (ArA) women may be at greater risk for thyroid cancer (TC) than White women. This case-case comparison explored differences in known and proposed risk factors of TC among ArA and non-Hispanic White (NHW) female TC cases in metropolitan Detroit. Cases of invasive TC identified from a population-based registry ...

The risk of osteoporotic fractures is known to vary among populations. There are no studies analyzing concomitantly clinical, densitometric, and lab risk factors in miscigenated community-dwelling population of Brazil. A total of 1007 elderly subjects (600 women and 407 men) from São Paulo, were evaluated using a questionnaire that included ...

Fuzzy fault tree analyses were used to investigate accident scenarios that involve radiological exposure to operators working in industrial γ-ray irradiation facilities. The HEART method, a first generation human reliability analysis method, was used to evaluate the probability of adverse human error in these analyses. This technique was modified on ...

BACKGROUND: Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and C-reactive protein(CRP) have been previously shown to be associated with impaired fasting glucose/impaired glucose tolerance (IFG/IGT), but such an association has not been well verified, and is examined in a non-diabetic Chinese population. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 2006 in Qingdao, China. ...

Osteoporosis affects all populations, but the risk for low bone density and fracture varies greatly by self-reported race and ethnicity. In this report, the relationship between measured percent African admixture and hip structural geometry, estimated from the hip structural analysis (HSA) program, was examined in a subcohort of the Women's ...

BACKGROUND: Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) survivors are at increased risk of developing nonsynchronous second primary malignancy (NSPM). This study aims to examine possible risk factors leading to occurrence of NSPM as well as risk factors leading to NSPM-related death in patients with DTC. METHODS: Of the 1,106 patients with DTC ...

To determine the association between maternal exposure to SHS and low birth weight and preterm delivery. This cross-sectional study was carried out in the four main governmental hospitals dealing with deliveries in the north of Jordan. A consecutive 8,490 women who delivered in these hospitals between April 2007 and September ...