In Canada, there is a paucity of research aimed at understanding Black gay men and the antecedents to risk factors for HIV. This study is an attempt to move beyond risk factor analysis and explore the role of sexual and ethnic communities in the lives of these men. The study ...

The authors examined the associations of social support with socioeconomic status (SES) and with mortality, as well as how SES differences in social support might account for SES differences in mortality. Analyses were based on 9,333 participants from the British Whitehall II Study cohort, a longitudinal cohort established in 1985 ...

The international literature shows that HIV-risk behaviour for women mostly occurs in the context of intimate relationships. Power imbalances in the social, economic and cultural spheres put women at risk. This paper addresses the roles of male partners in women's engagement in drug-use behaviour and drug-related HIV-risk behaviour in Indonesia. ...

OBJECTIVES: To determine the views of UK women and obstetricians relating to induction of labour at term for women over 35 years of age. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional web-based survey sent to members of the British Maternal and Fetal Medicine Society (BMFMS) and pregnant or recently delivered members of a large ...

Background: In Zambia, a country with a generalized HIV epidemic, age-adjusted cervical cancer incidence is among the highest worldwide. In 2006, the University of Alabama at Birmingham-Center for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia and the Zambian Ministry of Health launched a visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) -based "see and ...

The literature suggests that women are at higher risk for negative consequences from alcohol use than men and that these risks are compounded by age. The current study investigated how alcohol-dependent women from different age groups might differ in terms of baseline functioning and treatment response. The sample consisted of ...

Objectives: To investigate, using resting state (RS) functional MRI (fMRI), gender-related differences of functional connectivity (FC) and functional network connectivity (FNC) of the human brain. Experimental design: One-hundred and four young healthy subjects (48/56 men/women), aged between 20 and 29 years, underwent a 10-min RS fMRI acquisition. Independent component analysis ...

The aim of the study was to establish the effects of a range of psychosocial factors on weight changes and risk of obesity. The study population consisted of the 4,753 participants in the third (1991-1994) and fourth wave (2001-2003) of the Copenhagen City Heart Study, Denmark. At baseline the participants ...

BACKGROUND:: Body incongruity in body integrity identity disorder (BIID) manifests in the desire to have a healthy limb amputated. We describe a variant of the disorder: the desire to become paralyzed (paralysis-BIID). METHOD:: Sixteen otherwise healthy participants, recruited through Internet-based forums, websites, or word of mouth, completed questionnaires about details ...

OBJECTIVES: Tobacco use has been found to be related to contextual-environmental characteristics. This study focuses on the influence of contextual norms on adolescent smoking behavior with consideration of racial differences. METHODS: Data for this study were derived from the South African Community Epidemiology Network on Drug Use survey. Students (n = 1,277) ...

We tested whether friends' and family members' cardiovascular health events and also their own aspirin use are associated with the likelihood that an individual takes aspirin regularly. Analyses were based on longitudinal data on 2724 members of the Framingham Heart Study (based in Massachusetts, U.S.A.) who were linked to friends ...

Environmental factors may play an important role in the pathogenesis of IBD. The history of patients of the German IBD twin study was analyzed by questionnaires and interviews. Randomly selected German monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins with at least one sibling suffering from IBD (n=512) were characterized in detail ...

Context:Celiac disease (CD) has been linked to several endocrine disorders, including type 1 diabetes and thyroid disorders, but little is known regarding its association to primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT).Objective:The aim of the study was to examine the risk of PHPT in patients with CD.Design and Setting:We conducted a two-group exposure-matched nonconcurrent ...

ObjectiveGeographical variation in the incidence of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) according to the latitude of residence has been reported in Europe. However, there are no comparable data in the USA. The incidence of CD and UC in relation to latitude was assessed in a geographically diverse population ...

Advances in communication technology may affect networking pattern, thereby influencing the dynamics of sex partnership. The aim of the study is to explore the impacts of partner sourcing through internet and related channels on exposure risk to sexually transmitted infections (STI) including HIV. Using venue-based sampling, a cross-sectional questionnaire survey ...

In 2010, the iPrEx trial demonstrated that oral antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) reduced the risk of HIV acquisition among high-risk men who have sex with men (MSM). The impact of iPrEx on PrEP knowledge and actual use among at-risk MSM is unknown. Online surveys were conducted to assess PrEP awareness, ...

This contribution investigates the identities of Dutch fishwives in the early modern period. It shows that beneath the stereotypical portrayals of female fish sellers as rowdy, bossy, and disorderly women at the margins of society lay a very different and much more diverse historic reality. The contribution studies the fish ...

BackgroundAn association between endometriosis and certain autoimmune diseases has been suggested. However, the impact of endometriosis on risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unknown.ObjectiveTo assess the risk of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) in an unselected nationwide Danish cohort of women with endometriosis.DesignBy use of national registers, ...

Across a wide variety of cultural settings, kin have been shown to play an important role in promoting women's reproductive success. Patrilocal postmarital residence is a potential hindrance to maintaining these support networks, raising the question: how do women preserve and foster relationships with their natal kin when propinquity is ...

Objective:  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) continues to be an important cause of morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs in the western world. Although smoking is an important trigger of COPD, other factors such as chronic inflammation and malnutrition are known to influence its development. Because coeliac disease (CD) is characterized ...

BACKGROUND Endometriosis is a common cause of infertility. Whereas celiac disease (CD) is present in ∼1% of individuals in Western Europe, the prevalence in women undergoing investigation for infertility is often >2%. Still, the relationship between CD and endometriosis is unclear. METHODS We identified 11 097 women with CD (Marsh ...

BACKGROUND: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains an important cause of maternal mortality and morbidity. Cesarean delivery (CD) is a known risk factor for VTE. Data from clinical trials of thomboprophylaxis following CD are lacking and current guidelines are based on experts opinion. Our aim was to assess the efficacy of a ...

BACKGROUND: Post-cesarean delivery (CD) surgical site infections can cause considerable maternal morbidity. We aimed to estimate the efficacy of a medical personnel education program in aseptic and scrub techniques on the rate of infectious morbidity after CD. METHODS: A prospective, 2-period cohort intervention study was performed at a single institution. ...

Aspirin has detrimental effects on the gastrointestinal tract mucosa and may play a role in the aetiology of inflammatory bowel disease. To investigate if the regular use of aspirin is associated with the development of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) using, for the first time, a prospective cohort ...

Aim:  This paper aims to explore frail older women's lived experiences of 'community' and which aspects of 'community' they perceive as beneficial to their well-being. Method:  This qualitative project used a mixed methodological approach which integrated aspects of descriptive phenomenology and grounded theory. Ten frail, older women residing in South ...

BACKGROUND: Earlier studies on stroke in celiac disease (CD) have been underpowered, but a recent study suggested that childhood CD is associated with a 10-fold increased risk of death from stroke, although it was based on small numbers. We examined the risk of stroke in patients with biopsy-verified CD. METHODS: ...

The purpose of this study was to provide population-based estimates of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) in Canadians diagnosed with Crohn disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). Data were derived from the Canadian Community Health Survey Cycle 3.1 (2005). Those diagnosed with CD (n = 474; 61.60% female) or UC (n ...

The role of environmental factors in development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains uncertain. The aim of the present study was to assess a number of formerly suggested environmental factors in a case-control study of an unselected and recently diagnosed group of patients with IBD and a control group of ...

Background: Current evidence suggests an inverse association between socioeconomic status and stroke incidence. Our aim was to measure the variation in incidence among different city districts (CD) and their association with socioeconomic variables. Methods: We prospectively ascertained all possible stroke cases occurring in the city of Joinville during the period ...

We examined the prevalence of cesarean delivery (CD) among women with morbid obesity and extreme morbid obesity. Using Kentucky birth certificate data, a cross-sectional analysis of nulliparous singleton gestations at term was performed. We examined the prevalence of CD by body mass index (BMI; in kg/m (2)) using the National ...

Earlier studies on the association between celiac disease (CD) and psoriasis show contradictory results. The purpose of this study was to assess the risk of psoriasis in patients with biopsy-verified CD. Through 28 pathology departments in Sweden, we identified individuals with CD diagnosed between 1969 and 2008 (Marsh 3: villous ...

Aims Inflammatory markers are established risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF), but the role of autoimmune diseases is unknown. The aim of the study was to examine the association between coeliac disease (CD) and AF in a large cohort of patients with biopsy-verified CD. Methods and results We identified 28 ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to describe health-related quality of life (HRQL) and social factors, sickness and disability variables in a large population-based cohort of patients with Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS: HRQL was measured with Short Form-36 in 497 adult patients with CD at three outpatient clinics. Comparisons were made with ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess pregnancy outcome in women who initially refused medically indicated caesarean delivery (CD) in cases of non-reassuring fetal heart rate (FHR) patterns. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study, comparing patients who refused and did not refuse caesarean delivery (CD) due to non-reassuring FHR tracings, was conducted. Deliveries occurred ...

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among Asian Americans, the majority of whom are foreign-born. However, CVD and risk factor data is sparse for specific Asian immigrant populations. To assess knowledge and understanding of CVD and risk factors within Chinese, Korean and Vietnamese immigrant populations, we conducted ...

This study examines the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk profiles of first generation (FG) and second generation (SG) Mexican-Americans (MA) in two large national studies--the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Study (HHANES) (1982-1984) and the National Health and Examination Study (NHANES) (1999-2004). The main outcome measures were five individual risk indicators ...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) are leading joint risk factors for both cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). In the nationwide KEEP (Kidney Early Evaluation Program) an estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) or a urine albumin:creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g (3.4 mg/mmol) defines CKD. ...

Raised adiponectin is associated with increased rather than decreased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality at older age. We examined whether N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), a marker of cardiac dysfunction, may help explain this relationship. A prospective study of 2879 men aged 60–79 years with no history of ...

To investigate the associations of HbA1c, fasting glucose, and postload plasma glucose with 10-year fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in Caucasian individuals between 50 and 75 years of age without diabetes. The 10-year risk of all-cause mortality and CVD in relation to HbA1cand glucose levels was ...

Caesarean delivery (CD) rates have been frequently used as quality measures for maternity service comparisons. More recently, primary CD rates (CD in women without previous CD) or CD rates within selected categories such as nulliparous, term, cephalic singleton deliveries (NTCS) have been used. The objective of this study is to ...

This article explores the lives of two Andamanese women, both of whom the British called “Tospy.” The first part of the article takes an indigenous and gendered perspective on early British colonization of the Andamans in the 1860s, and through the experiences of a woman called Topsy stresses the sexual ...

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the Western countries. Several epidemiological studies have hypothesized a gender disparity in the pathogenesis and progression of CVD. For instance, women develop CVD when they are about 10 years older than men and, typically, after menopause. However, considering that women ...

SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS:: The Evaluation of Genomic Applications in Practice and Prevention Working Group (EWG) found insufficient evidence to recommend testing for the 9p21 genetic variant or 57 other variants in 28 genes (listed in ) to assess risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population, specifically heart disease ...

There is little information regarding the prevalence and management of dyslipidaemia in Switzerland. Cross-sectional population-based study of 3238 women and 2846 men aged 35-75. Dyslipidaemia prevalence, treatment and control were defined according to PROCAM guidelines adapted to Switzerland. About 29% of the overall sample presented with dyslipidaemia, of which 39% ...

To evaluate the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among Greek patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) under medical followup, and to assess the contribution of traditional CVD and RA-specific factors associated with CVD development. This is a historic cohort study; information was collected from medical records of patients who had > ...

The consumption of dairy products may influence the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and total mortality, but conflicting findings have been reported. The objective was to examine the associations of milk, total dairy products, and high- and low-fat dairy intakes with the risk of CVD [including coronary heart disease (CHD) ...

Coronary artery calcium (CAC), carotid intima-media thickness, and left ventricular (LV) mass and geometry offer the potential to characterize incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in clinically asymptomatic individuals. The objective of the study was to compare these cardiovascular imaging measures for their overall and sex-specific ability to predict CVD. The ...

There is well-documented evidence that patients with moderate and severe psoriasis have a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). While this risk can, at least in part, be attributed to the high prevalence of traditional risk factors in the population with psoriasis, some epidemiological evidence suggests it may be ...

This study investigated whether women with cardiovascular disease (CVD) would have an increased risk of fractures as osteoporosis and CVD share many common risk factors. From February 2006 to January 2007, 17,033 women aged ≥50 years (mean 71.8, range 50-106) were recruited by 1,248 primary care practitioners and interviewed by trained ...

The objective was to analyze whether there is an association between country of birth in first-generation immigrants and first hospitalization for an inflammatory bowel disease, and to study whether any such association remains in second-generation immigrants. In this follow-up study a nationwide research database at Lund University was used to ...