There is consistent evidence supporting the ergogenic effects of caffeine for endurance based exercise. However, whether caffeine ingested through coffee has the same effects is still subject to debate. The primary aim of the study was to investigate the performance enhancing effects of caffeine and coffee using a time trial ...

Background: In light of an increasing global focus on health system strengthening and integration of vertical programmes within health systems, methods and tools are required to examine whether general health service managers exercise administrative authority over vertical programmes. Objective: To measure the extent to which general health service (horizontal) managers, ...

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, caused by the gradual loss of cells in substantia nigra. Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in a variety of signal transduction pathways that are crucial for maintaining the physiologic functions of nervous system. The aims of this study are: 1) To ...

Nutrient timing is a popular nutritional strategy that involves the consumption of combinations of nutrients--primarily protein and carbohydrate--in and around an exercise session. Some have claimed that this approach can produce dramatic improvements in body composition. It has even been postulated that the timing of nutritional consumption may be more ...

A 24-year-old male Marine with an uncomplicated medical history and a long history of strenuous, daily exercise presented to the emergency department after experiencing anaphylactic shock while running. Symptoms resolved following administration of intramuscular diphenhydramine, ranitidine, intravenous methylprednisolone, and intravenous fluids. On followup in the allergy clinic, a meticulous clinical ...

Asthma is the most common chronic medical condition in children and a common reason for hospitalisation. Observational studies have suggested that swimming, in particular, is an ideal form of physical activity to improve fitness and decrease the burden of disease in asthma. To determine the effectiveness and safety of swimming ...

The Wii Fit is one the most popular fitness games on the market. Although this device has been linked to a number of injuries, the vast majority of these have been relatively minor musculo-skeletal complaints. We present a case of a patient who presented with an acute strangulation of a ...

Underwater locomotion is challenging due to the high friction and resistance imposed on a body moving through water and energy lost in the wake during undulatory propulsion. While aquatic organisms have evolved streamlined shapes to overcome such resistance, underwater locomotion has long been considered a costly exercise. Recent evidence for ...

A commitment to physical activity is necessary for personal health, and is a primary goal of physical activity practitioners. Effective practitioners rely on theory and research as a guide to best practices. Thus, sound theory, which is both practical and parsimonious, is a key to effective practice. The purpose of ...

The purpose of this study was to compare group boxing training to traditional group exercise on function and quality of life in persons with Parkinson disease (PD). A convenience sample of adults with PD (n = 31) were randomly assigned to boxing training or traditional exercise for 24-36 sessions, each ...

Whey protein isolates (WPI) supplementation is known to improve resistance training adaptations. However, limited information is available on the effects of WPI plus carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation on endurance training adaptations. Six endurance trained male cyclists and triathletes (age 29 ± 4 years, weight 74 ± 2 kg, VO2 max 63 ± 3 ml oxygen. kg-1. Min-1, height 183 ± 5 cm; ...

Modern lifestyle, with its lack of everyday physical activity and exercise training, predisposes people to chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension, and coronary artery diseases. Brisk walking as a simple and safe form of exercise is undisputedly an effective measure to counteract sedentary lifestyle risks even in the ...

The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) for monitoring training intensity in rugby league. Thirty-two professional rugby league players participated in this study. Training-load (TL) data were collected during an entire season and assessed via microtechnology (heart-rate [HR] monitors, global ...

Quercetin is a natural polyphenolic compound currently under study for its ergogenic capacity to improve mitochondrial biogenesis. Sedentary mice have exhibited increased endurance performance, but results are contradictory in human models. We examined the effects of six weeks of endurance training and quercetin supplementation on markers of endurance performance ...

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have some limitations during activities of daily living that involve the arms. There is little information on the benefits of shoulder girdle training and its repercussions for activities of daily living in patients with COPD. The purpose of this study was to investigate ...

The aim of this systematic review was to examine the effect of Contrast Water Therapy (CWT) on recovery following exercise induced muscle damage. Controlled trials were identified from computerized literature searching and citation tracking performed up to February 2013. Eighteen trials met the inclusion criteria; all had a high risk ...

Does aerobic exercise improve peak VO(2), quality of life, all-cause mortality, and cardiovascular morbidity in patients with chronic heart failure with mild to moderate symptoms? Randomised, controlled trial with blinded outcome assessment. Hospital and community settings in Italy. Patients with chronic heart failure who were clinically stable, had a left ...

In patients immediately following lung transplant, does three months of supervised exercise training confer changes in physical activity during daily life, functional exercise capacity, muscle force, health-related quality of life (HRQL), or forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1))? Randomised, controlled trial with concealed allocation in which investigators responsible for ...

To review the evidence about whether physical activity exercise programs improve health indicators in adult patients after they have completed their main treatment related to cancer. PubMed, CINAHL and Google Scholar were searched up to September, 2011. This search was supplemented by searching the Cochrane Library for systematic reviews and ...

Most individuals do not reach the recommended physical activity level of at least 150 minutes of aerobic exercise (AE) at moderate-to-vigorous intensity per week. For example, only 13% of older Canadian adults reach World Health Organization physical activity guideline (PAG). One of the reasons might be a difficulty identifying the ...

Background. Oxygen uptake at maximal exercise (VO2 max) is considered the best available index for assessment of exercise capacity. The purpose of this study is to determine if the use of actual versus ideal body weight in standard regression equations for predicted VO2 max results in differences in predicted VO2 ...

Context : Recently, researchers have shown that phototherapy administered to skeletal muscle immediately before resistance exercise can enhance contractile function, prevent exercise-induced cell damage, and improve postexercise recovery of strength and function. Objective : To critically evaluate original research addressing the ability of phototherapeutic devices, such as lasers and light-emitting ...

Introduction: Weight training can have a very positive impact on the body by improving both the functioning of internal organs and motor coordination. Weakening of the muscles leads to spinal pain, which in turn reduces one's mobility, this further decreasing muscular strength. Weight training can be used to treat both ...

PURPOSE: This study examined the influence of pre-exercise food intake on plasma PSE concentrations and subsequent high intensity exercise. Additionally, urinary PSE concentrations were measured under the same conditions and compared to the present WADA threshold. METHODS: Ten highly trained male cyclists and triathletes (age 30.6 ± 6.6 years, body ...

The purpose of this study was to determine the specific metabolic and neuromuscular responses at critical power (CP) from the 3-min all-out test. Nine men (mean ± SD: aged 23.7 ± 3.3 years) performed an incremental test for the determination of peak oxygen consumption (V̇O(2peak)) and gas exchange threshold. CP ...

A graded exercise test (GXT) is the standard laboratory method of determining peak aerobic fitness (VO2peak). The FITNESSGRAM's Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) test is commonly used to estimate peak oxygen consumption in youth in the field. PURPOSE: To compare peak physiological variables and peak ratings of perceived exertion ...

PURPOSE: We tested the hypothesis that the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) can be accurately determined in healthy subjects based on measures of deoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxyHb), index of oxygen extraction measured non-invasively by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). METHODS: 32 healthy men (average age 48±17 yrs, range 23-74 yrs) performed an incremental ...

The precise magnitude of the effect of acute exercise on subsequent energy intake is not well understood. Identifying how large a deficit exercise can produce in energy intake and whether this is compensated for, is important in design of long-term exercise programs for weight loss and weight maintenance. Thus, this ...

BACKGROUND: With age reaction time, coordination and cognition tend to deteriorate, which may lead to gait impairments, falls and injuries. To reduce this problem in elderly and to improve health, well-being and independence, regular balance and strength exercises are recommended. However, elderly face strong barriers to exercise. OBJECTIVE: We developed ...

Patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) suffer increased physiological VD/VT (dead-space-to-tidal-volume ratio) primarily due to increased pulmonary ventilation/perfusion mismatch, yet they demonstrate compensatory augmentation of total ventilation such that arterial [Formula: see text] ( [Formula: see text] ) remains remarkably normal from rest to moderate exercise. This paradoxical effect suggests ...

The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that consuming protein does not attenuate AMPK signalling when exercise is commenced in a glycogen-depleted state. After performing a glycogen-depleting protocol the evening before, the subsequent morning ten active men performed 45 min steady-state cycling at 50 % of peak power ...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: The hypoxic inhalation test (HIT) accurately predicts air travel hypoxemia, but availability is limited. We assessed whether oxygen saturation (SpO(2) ) during hypoxic inhalation test (HIT) can be predicted by simple measures of lung function and exercise induced hypoxemia. METHODS: Analysis of all patients who had HIT ...

A great deal of the US Supreme Court's federalism jurisprudence over the past two decades has focused on the outer limits of federal power, suggesting a mutually exclusive division of jurisdiction between the states and the federal government, where subjects are regulated by one sovereign or the other but not ...

Abstract This study investigated the influence of dehydration during soccer-type intermittent exercise on isokinetic and isometric muscle function. Eight soccer players performed two 90-min high-intensity intermittent shuttle-running trials without (NF) or with (FL) fluid ingestion (5 ml · kg(-1) before and 2 ml · kg(-1) every 15 min). Isokinetic and isometric strength and muscular power of knee ...

Abstract The study aimed to assess the role of deep and superficial massage and passive stretching recovery on blood lactate concentration ([La(-)]) kinetics after a fatiguing exercise compared to active and passive recovery. Nine participants (age 23 ± 1 years; stature 1.76 ± 0.02 m; body mass 74 ± 4 kg) performed on five occasions an 8-min fatiguing ...

Age-associated changes in tongue muscle structure and strength may contribute to dysphagia in elderly people. Tongue exercise is a current treatment option. We hypothesized that targeted tongue exercise and non-targeted exercise that activates tongue muscles as a consequence of increased respiratory drive, such as treadmill running, are associated with different ...

BACKGROUND: Because ST segment depression has limited diagnostic performance at exercise electrocardiography (ECG), ST segment depression/heart rate (ST/HR) hysteresis and cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET)-derived parameters have been proposed as alternatives to diagnose exercise-induced myocardial ischemia. We compared the diagnostic performance of such parameters. METHODS: We studied 56 subjects (45 men, ...

The purpose of this study was to determine the physical demands and match-induced impairments in physical performance in male elite Team Handball (TH) players in relation to playing position. Male elite TH field players were closely observed during 6 competitive seasons. Each player (wing players: WP, pivots: PV, backcourt players: ...

Aim: To investigate physiological adaptation with two endurance training periods differing in intensity distribution. Methods: In a randomised cross-over fashion, separated by 4-weeks of detraining, 12 male cyclists completed two 6-week training periods: (1) a polarised model (6.4(±1.4)hrs.week(-1); 80%, 0%, 20% of training time in low, moderate and high intensity ...

This nationwide study aimed to evaluate health-related quality of life (QoL) experienced by children after tetralogy of Fallot repair and to compare self-reported physical ability with objective exercise performance. This prospective nonrandomized, government-funded multicenter study enrolled 168 patients (70 girls; ages 8-16 years) after tetralogy of Fallot repair at eight German ...

Mitochondrial ATP production is vital for meeting cellular energy demand at rest and during periods of high ATP turnover. We hypothesized that high-intensity interval training (HIT) would increase ATP flux in resting muscle (VPi→ATP) in response to a single bout of exercise, whereas changes in the capacity for oxidative ATP ...

The time necessary to obtain a steady state for an accurate and reliable assessment of resting [Formula: see text] remains unclear and was the purpose of this study. Thirty healthy men, aged 17-28 years, visited the laboratory twice for the assessment of resting [Formula: see text], which was assessed as follows: ...

PURPOSE:: To compare functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activation patterns during a cognitive task, exercise capacity, and symptoms in postconcussion syndrome (PCS) patients who received exercise treatment (n = 4) with a PCS placebo stretching group (n = 4) and a healthy control group (n = 4). METHODS:: Subjects completed ...

PURPOSE: To determine if near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measurements of muscle mitochondrial function could detect the expected differences between endurance trained athletes (N=8) and inactive subjects (N=8). METHODS: Muscle oxygen consumption (mVO2) of the vastus lateralis was measured with continuous-wave NIRS using transient arterial occlusions. The recovery rate of mVO2after electrical ...

This study examines the effects of recovery duration following heavy-intensity "priming" exercise (Hvy) on pulmonary oxygen (O2) uptake (V̇O2p) during subsequent prolonged moderate-intensity exercise (Mod). Nine participants (6 men and 3 women) (27 ± 7 years) each completed 3 repetitions of 2 continuous Mod 1-Hvy-Mod 2 leg-cycling protocols in which ...

Objectives: The pre-competition warm-up mediates many temperature related physiological changes which generally lead to an improvement in performance. However, after ceasing exercise body temperature declines rapidly, which reduces some of the benefits of the initial warm-up. We examined the effects of a passive heat maintenance strategy on post-warm-up core temperature ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Many Polio survivors have reduced mobility, pain and fatigue, which make access to conventional forms of aerobic exercise difficult. Inactivity leads to increased risk of health problems, many of which are prevalent among Polio survivors. Aerobic exercise programmes in Polio survivors should utilise stable muscle groups and should ...

ABSTRACT: Quantifying the maximal work capacity (W') above the aerobic critical power (CP) has emerged as a method for estimating anaerobic work capacity. Slower cadence, lower-load resistance training (RT), colloquially referred to as High-intensity training (HIT), made up of slower cadence, lower-load resistance, is purported to be a better metabolic ...

ABSTRACT: The kinetic chain approach to shoulder rehabilitation has become a standard of care within sports medicine. Attempting to incorporate the kinetic chain method of proximal stability for distal mobility requires a stable base of not only the lower extremity but also the upper extremity. Therefore it was the purpose ...

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate possible gender differences in match play activity pattern (rally duration (RD), rest time between rallies (RT), effective playing time (EPT), and shots performed during a rally (SR)), and exercise intensity (heart rate (HR); blood lactate (La); and subjective ratings of perceived ...