BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:Identifying critical periods of greater weight gain could provide useful information to combat the obesity epidemic. We tested whether body weight (BW), body fat percentage (BF%) and blood pressure (BP) changed during the holiday season (thanksgiving to new year's day) and the impact of regular exercise on these parameters.SUBJECTS/METHODS:A total ...

OBJECTIVE: Adiponectin, the most abundant protein secreted by white adipose tissue, is known for its involvement in insulin resistance (HOMA-R). The purpose of this investigation was to assess the effect of intense cycling training for six months on plasma concentrations of adiponectin and leptin and HOMA-R. METHODS: Eight trained males ...

Undergraduate women (N = 143) completed self-reports on exercise behavior, body orientation, body appreciation, and body-related talk. Results showed that conversations about weight loss/dieting and conversations about exercise differentially predicted body appreciation. Importantly, multiple regression analyses showed that the relationship between talk type and body appreciation was explained by the ...

OBJECTIVETo investigate the associations between changes in body composition and fitness after exercise training and changes in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in individuals with type 2 diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSParticipants (n = 201) were randomized to aerobic, resistance, or combined training for 9 months. HbA1c, waist circumference, total and trunk fat ...

The present study examined the change to the effect of the leptin sensitivity by leptin resistance-induced leptin receptor (ObRb) and leptin-related suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) mRNA levels in hypothalamic, liver, muscle and leptin protein levels in blood after eight weeks of exercise training and/or dietary control of high ...

BACKGROUND: While compensatory eating following acute aerobic exercise is highly variable, little is known about the underlying mechanisms that contribute to the alterations in exercise-induced eating behaviour. METHODS: Overweight and obese women (body mass index=29.6±4.0 kg/m(2)) performed a bout of cycling individually tailored to expend 400 kcal (EX) or a ...

This study aims to investigate whether a Web-based tool will facilitate the adoption of feedback control over calorie balance in overweight individuals, thereby promoting an increase of physical activity and a reduction of body weight and cardiovascular risk factors. This is a prospective exercise intervention study, commencing with a minimum ...

This review examines the effect of prior exercise on postprandial triacylglycerol (pTAG) concentrations, an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Numerous studies have shown that a single bout of exercise reduces pTAG concentrations; however, several modulators such as exercise energy expenditure/deficit, mode of exercise (aerobic/resistance/high intensity/intermittent exercise or combinations), type ...

High altitude exposure is often accompanied by weight loss. Postulated mechanisms are a reduction of nutritional energy intake, a reduction of intestinal energy uptake from impaired intestinal function and increased energy expenditure. Beyond the field of altitude, there are good reasons for renewed interest in the relationship between hypoxia and ...

BACKGROUND: Although regular exercise is a critical component of the management of type 2 diabetes, many patients do not meet their exercise targets. Lack of exercise is associated with obesity and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. AIM: We aimed to assess exercise habits in obese Irish patients with type 2 diabetes to ...

BACKGROUND: Exercise intolerance is the primary chronic symptom in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF), the most common form of heart failure in older persons, and can result from abnormalities in cardiac, vascular, and skeletal muscle, which can be further worsened by physical deconditioning. However, it is ...

OBJECTIVE: Soluble CD163 (sCD163) is a new macrophage specific serum-marker elevated in inflammatory conditions. sCD163 is elevated in obesity and found to be a strong predictor of the development of type 2-diabetes. We investigated whether dietary intervention and moderate exercise was related to changes in sCD163 and how it is ...

Policymakers aren't making much progress in their battle against obesity, with New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg, left, suffering a big blow last week when a judge invalidated limits on sugary drinks. But providers and insurers are using their influence to offer a different range of solutions.

There is general agreement that exercise-induced energy expenditure is not entirely compensated for at the next meal or over the following 24 h, but inter-individual variability is high. The role of 'fatness and fitness' in this variability has never been assessed. Therefore, eighteen non-obese male subjects aged 22·2 (sd 2·0) years ...

Background/objectives:A few previous studies indicate that protein supplementation increases gains in muscle mass and strength during a resistance exercise program. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether whey protein supplementation results in greater increases in lean body mass, muscle strength and physical function in elderly individuals during 12 ...

Shaping network members into sources of support for healthy eating and exercise behaviors may be an effective strategy to enhance obesity treatment outcomes. This pilot study examined the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a behavioral weight loss intervention adapted for Latinas with a social network component. Twenty-seven Latinas (43.0±10.2 years ...

Some obese individuals do not get cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or certain cancers associated with obesity. These healthy obese individuals exercise regularly and reduce circulating levels of inflammatory mediators which are associated with the complications of obesity. Bloated white adipocytes located in ectopic locations such as the liver, produce these inflammatory ...

The purpose of this investigation was to assess indices of muscle damage and psychological stress between young, untrained, lean and obese men. Using a between subjects design, nineteen young men [nine lean men (age, 20.1±2.1 y; body mass, 71.7±5.8 kg; height, 177.8±8.7 cm; body fat, 14.7±3.5%), five World Health Organization ...

In many interventions that are based on an exercise program intended to induce weight loss, the mean weight loss observed is modest and sometimes far less than the individual expected. The individual responses are also widely variable, with some individuals losing a substantial amount of weight, others maintaining weight, and ...

Physical fitness is an essential feature of overall health. Our objective was to compare the physical performance between nontransplanted acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients (study patients), healthy controls, and ALL patients after stem cell transplantation (SCT). Forty-five ALL patients (median age, 13.3 y) treated without cranial irradiation were compared with ...

Exercise is recommended by public health agencies for weight management; however, the role of exercise is generally considered secondary to energy restriction. Few studies exist that have verified completion of exercise, measured the energy expenditure of exercise, and prescribed exercise with equivalent energy expenditure across individuals and genders. The objective ...

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT: Acute exercise may lead to subsequent energy expenditure compensation. Intensive exercise may favor a higher compensation than low or moderate exercises. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: This post-exercise compensation might occur only in overweight/obese youth and not in lean. This work used objective measures ...

BACKGROUND: Excess body weight and a sedentary lifestyle are associated with the development of several diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer in women. One proposed mechanism linking obesity to chronic diseases is an alteration in adipose-derived adiponectin and leptin levels. We investigated the effects of 12-month reduced calorie, weight ...

OBJECTIVE:: Aim of the study was to assess the role of family history, physical activity and parental smoking in the prediction of BMI, SBP and hypertension risk in children. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS:: In a paediatric primary care setting, a sample of 1310 children aged 5-14 years was systematically selected by ...

Complex mechanisms exist in the human to defend against adverse effects of negative energy balance. These include alterations of hormone secretion affecting the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor system, the adrenal axis, and the reproductive system, particularly in females. Energy deficits are least partially offset by neuroendocrine mechanisms regulating appetite and ...

Results from behavioral treatments for obesity have been disappointing due to an inability to sustain healthy eating. The concurrent use of theory, research, and practical application has the potential of reducing overeating through innovative treatments. When overweight individuals begin an exercise program their eating tends to improve, however, the basis ...

Exercise increases the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in rodents and in healthy humans. Its relationship with weight loss and improvement in metabolic parameters, in obese human subjects, has not been elucidated. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of an aerobic exercise program on circulating ...

Adipose tissue plays a role in obesity-related cancers via increased production of inflammatory factors, steroid hormones, and altered adipokines. The impact of weight loss on adipose-tissue gene expression may provide insights into pathways linking obesity with cancer risk. We conducted an ancillary study within a randomized trial of diet, exercise, ...

Near infrared reactance (NIR) is used to measure body fat percentage (BF%), but there is little data on its use in non-obese, regularly exercising individuals. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the limits of agreement between NIR compared to dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for the measurement of BF% in 2 ...

OBJECTIVE: Free fatty acids (FFA)-adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) feedback loop between adipose tissue and the hypothalamic-pituitary centres in the brain has been suggested to be affected by the exercise and by administration of anti-lipolytic drugs. Also leptin may be affected by exercise. Dysfunction of FFA-leptin-ACTH secretion might be involved in binge eating ...

Evidence supports an important contribution of abdominal obesity and inflammation to the development of insulin resistance (IR) and CVD. Weight loss in obese individuals can reduce inflammation and, consequently, IR, but the role of training remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of body weight ...

Objectives:To determine whether weight loss interventions, which combine dietary, exercise and behaviour change strategies, result in reduced weight, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference in people with coronary heart disease (CHD), hypertension (HTN) and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Design:A systematic review of studies published 1997 to 2010.Data Sources:The electronic ...

Background. The objective was to examine the association between prepregnancy physical exercise and offspring birth weight and to assess the combined association of pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and physical exercise on birth weight. Methods. The study included 2,026 women aged 20-39 years participating in the Norwegian HUNT study and ...

To determine the effectiveness of habitual exercise on the health promotion of college students, we measured the body composition and physical fitness of female nursing students before (Pre) and after (Post) an 8-week low-intensity exercise intervention. We also conducted a questionnaire survey of their mental health condition before and at ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate cardiopulmonary exercise performance in lean and obese patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) compared with controls. Case-control study. The study was carried out in Sao Paulo Sleep Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil. INDIVIDUALS WITH SIMILAR AGES WERE ALLOCATED INTO GROUPS: 22 to the ...

Background We aimed to examine the association of appetitive motives with a non-exercise lifestyle, defined as exercising less than once per year, in a young adult population. Material and Methods We asked university students to answer questions about their exercise habits. We also assessed their appetitive motives, with or without ...

Obesity and asthma are associated conditions; however, the mechanisms linking the two remain unclear. Few studies have examined the effects of weight loss on inflammation and clinical outcomes in obese-asthma. To compare the effects of weight loss achieved by dietary restriction, exercise or combined dietary restriction and exercise on airway ...

This work explored the short-term effect of whole body vibration (WBV) training on anthropometry, body composition and muscular strength in obese women. Fifty obese women (age=46.8±7.81[SD]y; BMI=35.1±3.55kg/m(2)) were assigned to a ten-week WBV training period, two times a week (in each session, 14min vibration training, 5min rest; vibration amplitude 2.0-5.0mm, ...

Obese children frequently complain of breathlessness. Asthma and obesity can both contribute to the symptoms during exercise, and this symptom can contribute to a diagnosis of asthma in these children. Despite the high prevalence of obesity few studies have investigated the cardiopulmonary physiology of breathlessness in obese children with a ...

The effects of exercise on adiponectin levels have been reported to be variable and may be attributable to an interaction between environmental and genetic factors. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) 45 (T>G) and SNP276 (G>T) of the adiponectin gene are associated with metabolic risk factors including adiponectin levels. We examined ...

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 12-week exercise training on circulating retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) concentration and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in obese men. Methods: 29 obese men (age 48 ± 2 years; BMI 29.6 ± 0.7 kg/m(2)) participated in a 12-week exercise ...

Abstract Physical activity may protect from the adverse effects of obesity. In obese children, an increased adherence and a decreased drop-out rate during exercise could be achieved with adaptated activities. We studied a recreational 12-week controlled training program for sedentary obese children, including interactive video games. We enrolled 22 obese ...

PURPOSE: The impact of exercise on body mass is likely to be partially mediated through changes in appetite control. However, no studies have examined the impact of chronic exercise on obestatin and cholecystokinin (CCK) plasma concentrations or the sensitivity to detect differences in preload energy, in obese individuals. The objective ...

ABSTRACT: The aim of the present study was to estimate the effect of being overweight or underweight on proprioception at rest, as well as after muscle damaging eccentric exercise. Twelve lean, twelve overweight and eight underweight females performed an eccentric exercise session using the knee extensor muscles of the dominant ...

PURPOSE: Rats given sugar-sweetened drinks can develop glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia. The aim of this study was to investigate whether such metabolic disruptions and also possible weight gain induced by chronic sucrose consumption could be attenuated by low-volume exercise. METHODS: Using a 2 × 2 factorial design, rats were given ...

Abstract Although the link between exercise and body image is well documented, the considerable inter-individual variability in this relationship has been largely ignored. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to test the contributions of key body image and exercise-related moderators (age, body mass index (BMI), exercise frequency, trait ...

ABSTRACT: Adiponectin influences metabolic adaptations that would prove beneficial to endurance athletes and yet to date there is little known about the response of adiponectin concentrations to exercise, and in particular, the response of this hormone to training in an athlete population. This study aimed to determine the response of ...

The benefits of regular physical activity are particularly salient to persons with serious mental illness (SMI) who have increased prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and earlier mortality from cardiovascular disease. The Activating Consumers to Exercise through Peer Support (ACE) trial will examine the effectiveness of peer support on adherence to a ...

Previous analyses (i.e., Bernstein & St. John, 2006; Sender & Sullivan, 2008) of the television show The Biggest Loser have detailed its negative presentation of the obese body, potential consequences for viewers, and its role as a technology of governmentality. However there has been little exploration of how audience members ...

Objective: To assess the effects of weight loss on adipokines, asthma-related symptoms, exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) and lung function, and to evaluate the role of leptin and adiponectin levels on lung function after treatment in obese adolescents. Methods: 84 postpubertal obese adolescents were enrolled and distributed in quartiles according to weight ...