In the present study pulmonary function tests of two different groups of athletes, swimmers and runners were studied and compared. Thirty swimmers who used to swim a distance of two to three kilometers per day regularly were compared with age, sex, height, and weight matched thirty middle distance runners. Runners ...

BACKGROUND: While current recommendations on exercise type and volume have strong experimental bases, there is no clear evidence from large-sized studies indicating whether increasing training intensity provides additional benefits to subjects with type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of moderate-to-high intensity (HI) versus low-to-moderate intensity (LI) training of ...

An acoustic neuroma (also known as a vestibular schwannoma) is an intracranial tumour of the vestibular nerve that is commonly treated by surgical resection. Following resection of an acoustic neuroma, patients may experience a range of symptoms that include deficits in gaze stability, mobility and balance. Vestibular rehabilitation may be ...

We investigated the acute and chronic effects of low-intensity concentric or eccentric resistance training with blood flow restriction (BFR) on muscle size and strength. Ten young men performed 30% of concentric one repetition maximal dumbbell curl exercise (four sets, total 75 reps) 3 days/week for 6 weeks. One arm was ...

A plethora of epidemiologic evidence from large studies supports unequivocally an inverse, independent, and graded association between volume of physical activity, health, and cardiovascular and overall mortality. This association is evident in apparently healthy individuals, patients with hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease, regardless of body weight. Moreover, ...

Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is a common condition among non-acclimatized individuals ascending to high altitude. However, the underlying mechanisms causing the symptoms of AMS are still unknown. It has been suggested that AMS is a mild form of high-altitude cerebral edema both sharing a common pathophysiological mechanism. We hypothesized that ...

Accumulated evidence supports the promotion of structured exercise for treating prediabetes and preventing Type 2 diabetes. Unfortunately, contemporary societal changes in lifestyle behaviors (occupational, domestic, transportation, and leisure-time) have resulted in a notable widespread deficiency of non-exercise physical activity (e.g., ambulatory activity undertaken outside the context of purposeful exercise) that ...

Exercise limitation, dynamic hyperinflation, and exertional dyspnea are key features of symptomatic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We assessed the effects of glycopyrronium bromide (NVA237), a once-daily, long-acting muscarinic antagonist, on exercise tolerance in patients with moderate to severe COPD. Patients were randomized to a cross-over design of once-daily NVA237 ...

In late stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema can worsen respiratory symptoms, not only via the loss of surface for gas exchange, but also via alterations in mechanical properties of the respiratory system (dynamic and static hyperinflation). Emphysematous lung volume reduction aims at improving respiratory mechanics and symptomatology in patients ...

Introduction: Postpartum hemorrhage is a common complication of vaginal birth. Few midwives have experience in the performance of procedures to manage hemorrhage that fails to respond to initial management with medications and bimanual compression. Methods: A simulation model was constructed by using a half-pelvis birth simulator and a hollowed out ...

We hypothesised that chest wall displacement inappropriate to increased ventilation contributes to dyspnoea more than dynamic hyperinflation or dyssynchronous breathing during unsupported arm exercise (UAE) in COPD patients. We used optoelectronic plethysmography to evaluate operational volumes of chest wall compartments, the upper rib cage, lower rib cage and abdomen, at ...

The aim of study was to assess the correlation between the changes in serum CK activity after a resistance exercise and renal function measured by glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Twenty-nine trained women (32 ± 10 years; 157 ± 4 cm; 58.8 ± 6.4 kg) performed a resistance exercise session with 17 exercises with 3 × 12 repetitions in a circuit training ...

Several studies have reported the phenomenon of post-exercise hypotension. However, the factors that cause this drop in blood pressure after a single exercise session are still unknown. To investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on the acute blood pressure response and to investigate the indicators of autonomic activity after exercise. ...

The paper presents the background, main achievements and components of rehabilitation robotics in a simple way, using non-technical terms. The introductory part looks at the development of robotic approaches in the rehabilitation of neurological patients and outlines the principles of robotic device interactions with patients. There follows a section on ...

Hemodynamic monitoring in hospitalized patients is crucial since in clinical practice unexpected deterioration of cardiovascular function (e.g. pulmonary embolism resulting in syncope) remains a serious problem and an important cause of death. Standard pulse oximetrie in low acuity settings is nowadays predominately used to monitor peripheral oxygen saturation. Of note, ...

The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate electrocardiograms (ECGs) before and after running a half marathon to characterize the changes that occur after exertion. Echocardiograms were also done postrace on selected runners. Volunteer runners older than 18 years completed a questionnaire detailing demographic and medical history. Prerace ECGs ...

The Brugada syndrome has been described as a genetic disorder involving aborted sudden cardiac death in patients with apparently structurally normal hearts. Exercise has been shown to unmask the electrocardiographic (ECG) findings in this disease; however, this is yet to be validated as a useful testing method. This is a ...

Limb electrodes for the 12 lead ECG are routinely placed on the torso during exercise stress testing or when limbs are clinically inaccessible. It is unclear whether such electrode modification produces ECG changes in healthy male or female subjects that are clinically important according to the 2009 AHA, ACCF, HRS ...

BACKGROUND: QRS/T angle and the cosine of the angle between QRS and T-wave vectors (TCRT), measured from standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), have been used in risk stratification of patients. This study assessed the possible rate dependence of these variables during exercise ECG in healthy subjects. METHODS: Forty healthy volunteers, 20 ...

A 64-year-old man who had been prescribed antihypertensive drugs since 1971 attended our clinic in 1988 with hypertension and electrocardiographic abnormalities. An electrocardiogram revealed left axis deviation (LAD) in 1988 and slightly prolonged PQ intervals in 1993. Complete left bundle branch block (CLBBB) with LAD developed in May 1995. The ...

The exercise electrocardiogram (ECG) is widely considered the best available test for screening asymptomatic adults without known cardiovascular (CV) disease prior to initiating a vigorous exercise programme due to its prognostic value, widespread availability and low cost. Observational studies have demonstrated an increased relative risk of CV events with positive ...

BACKGROUND: Currently, the only function of the resting electrocardiogram (ECG) in patients referred for exercise testing is to determine whether imaging is mandated. It is unknown if subtle ECG findings in those patients with clinically normal resting ECGs have prognostic significance. METHODS: We performed a single-center cohort study of 18,964 ...

Background: Conducted electrical weapons (CEWs) are used by law enforcement for control of subjects by causing neuromuscular incapacitation. There has been scrutiny of CEWs and their potential role in the occasional sudden death of subjects in custody. There is a hypothesized causal relationship due to induced cardiac dysrhythmia. Previous work ...

Several previous studies suggest that myocardial bridging (MB) is associated with ischemia and rhythm disturbances. We sought to examine exercise-induced changes in P wave duration and dispersion (PWD), the markers of atrial conduction abnormalities in patients with isolated MB of left anterior descending artery (LAD) and control subjects. Eighteen patients ...

BACKGROUND: The resting 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) remains the most commonly used test in evaluating patients with suspected cardiovascular disease. Prognostic values of individual findings on the ECG have been reported but may be of limited use. METHODS: The characteristics of 45,855 ECGs ordered by physician's discretion were first recorded and ...

INTRODUCTION: Data on human atrial repolarization are scarce since the QRS complex normally obscures its ECG trace. In the present study, consecutive patients with third-degree AV block were studied to better describe the human Ta wave. METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty patients (mean age 75 years, 17 men) were included. All ...

This study investigates the rate estimation problem encountered in rehabilitation exercise monitoring by using noninvasive portable sensors. The purpose of this paper has two main parts. The first part is to find suitable approaches for the rate detection of tri-axial accelerometer (TA) signals and ECG signals respectively. It is found ...

OBJECTIVE: Sepsis has been defined as the systemic host response to infection with an overwhelming systemic production of both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators. Continuous hemofiltration has been suggested as possible therapeutic option that may remove the inflammatory mediators. However, hemodialysis and hemofiltration were reported to influence cardiac electrophysiologic parameters and ...

Left anterior hemiblock (LAHB) is the most frequent conduction abnormality, but its impact on the diagnostic accuracy of the exercise ECG has not been studied. The aim of our study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of ST depression for predicting ischaemia in the presence of LAHB. Consecutive patients with ...

Electrocardiograms (ECGs) are a good baseline test for assessing cardiac rhythm. ECGs have not been reported in any zebra species and in very few Perissodactyla species. Standard limb, six-lead ECGs were recorded in 23 anesthetized Grevy's zebras (Equus grevyi). Heart rate, RR interval, P-wave duration, RR maximum/minimum, PR interval, QRS ...

We demonstrate a two-handed metamaterial (THM), composed of highly symmetric three-layered structures operated at normal incidence. Not only does the THM exhibit two distinct allowed bands with right-handed and left-handed electromagnetic responses, but posses a further advantage of being independent to the polarizations of external excitations. In addition, the THM ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of electrocardiography (ECG) in detecting left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in pediatric hypertension (HT). STUDY DESIGN: Concomitant echocardiograms and electrocardiograms in 108 children with HT were reviewed. Left ventricular mass (LVM), assessed by echocardiography, was used as a basis for a diagnosis of LVH (echo LVH) ...

T-wave alternans (TWA) in electrocardiography (ECG) is a marker of cardiac repolarization, the molecular regulation of which is incompletely understood. High TWA and prolonged QT intervals are both associated with ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis of whether the same mutations that influence the QT interval ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with adequate chest compression depth appears to improve first shock success in cardiac arrest. We evaluate the effect of simplification of chest compression instructions on compression depth in dispatcher-assisted CPR protocol. METHODS: Data from two randomized, double-blinded, controlled trials with identical methodology were combined ...

Because of the failure to consider some of the unconventional electrocardiographic signs of ischemia during exercise testing, its sensitivity and specificity are lower than optimum. Two cases are presented to illustrate how precordial peaking of the T waves and lead-strength calculations in patients with low-voltage R waves can be used ...

Event-related potentials were used to study whether factors known to influence subject-verb number agreement in production exert analogous effects on sentence comprehension. Participants read Dutch sentences containing subject-verb number agreement errors while their brainwaves were measured. The determiner of the singular head noun could be ambiguous or unambiguous in number ...

A new apparatus has been built that annexes a normal electrocardiograph, ECG, with the aim to enhance its capacity. It adds the normal ECG power to superpose multiple records of ECG altogether and averages out them and, further, makes sophisticated analysis, such as normalizing the peak heights, evaluating the half-line ...

A 27-year-old male with congenital long QT syndrome, SCN5A mutation experienced recurrent inappropriate exercise-related implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) shocks. This device showed T-wave oversensing with double, which lead to these device discharges. Dynamic T-wave oversensing was reproducibly provoked at exercise treadmill testing and was confirmed as the mechanism leading to ...

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study is to investigate changes in F wave parameters after exercise in subjects with symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis. DESIGN: A total of 19 older patients with lumbar spinal stenosis and neurogenic claudication participated in this cohort study. No one withdrew for adverse effects. All subjects ...

OBJECTIVES: In LQT1 subtype of inherited long QT syndrome, repolarization abnormalities originating from defective I(Ks) render patients vulnerable to ventricular arrhythmia during sudden sympathetic activation. Experimental studies show lower I(Ks) density and longer action potential duration in left (LV) than in right (RV) ventricle. We studied interventricular dispersion of repolarization ...

To determine whether resting and exercise electrocardiograms (ECGs) provide prognostic value that is incremental to that obtained from the clinical history in ambulatory patients with suspected angina attending chest pain clinics. Multicentre cohort study. Rapid access chest pain clinics of six hospitals in England. 8176 consecutive patients with suspected angina ...

BACKGROUND: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) often exhibit abnormalities of P wave morphology during sinus rhythm. We examined a novel method for automatic P wave analysis in the 24-hour-Holter-ECG of 60 patients with paroxysmal or persistent AF and 12 healthy subjects. METHODS: Recorded ECG signals were transferred to the analysis ...

PURPOSE: To compare multiple-electrode radiofrequency (RF) ablation versus RF ablation with a cluster electrode in an in vivo porcine kidney model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirteen female pigs (mean weight, 45 kg) were used for the study. In each animal, RF ablations were performed for 12 minutes with a conventional cluster ...

The incidence of stonestreet formation after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) rises with increasing stone burden. However, stonestreet after ESWL is often experienced even in stones smaller than 20 mm. To examine whether the non-contrast helical computed tomography (CT) data could predict stonestreet formation in these stones, 53 radiopaque stones ...

OBJECTIVE: Automated techniques were developed for the measurement of cardiac repolarisation using magnetocardiography. METHODS: This was achieved by collaboration with the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin, Germany and the Grönemeyer Institute of Microtherapy, Bochum, Germany, to obtain recordings of magnetocardiograms (MCGs) in cardiac patients and healthy subjects. Manual and automated ventricular ...

The Taser (TASER International, Scottsdale, AZ) is a high-voltage, low-amperage device used by many law enforcement agencies. Our objective in this study was to evaluate for rhythm changes utilizing cardiac monitoring during deployment of the Taser on volunteers. A prospective, observational study evaluated law enforcement personnel who had continuous electrocardiographic ...

INTRODUCTION: While implantable defibrillator shocks save lives, shock can lead to ventricular arrhythmias. However, the mechanism of shock-related proarrhythmia remains unclear. We evaluated the impact of ICD shock on repolarization instability, a factor associated with ventricular arrhythmogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixty-five patients with ICDs underwent ambulatory ECG monitoring during defibrillation ...

BACKGROUND: The global QT interval, emerging as a standard measurement provided by digital electrocardiographs, is defined by the earliest QRS onset and latest T-wave offset that occur in any of the standard leads. Differences between global ECG measurements and those from individual ECG leads have implications for the redefinition of ...

The gap junction modifier Rotigaptide (ZP123), which promotes cellular coupling, was hypothesized to decrease defibrillation thresholds during prolonged ventricular fibrillation (VF). Thirty-two New Zealand white rabbits were randomized to receive saline (control, n = 16) or Rotigaptide (n = 16). Following 4 min of untreated VF, biphasic defibrillation shocks were ...

The purpose of this research was to identify the number of sessions required for a new investigator to become proficient at evoking an H-reflex in the flexor carpi radialis (FCR), in comparison to an experienced investigator. 31 students from Brock University in the greater Niagara region (16 women M age ...