Procaine (1 X 10(-5)-1 X 10(-4) M), dibucaine (1 X 10(-5)-1 X 10(-4) M) and tetracaine (1 X 10(-6)-1 X 10(-5) M) caused an increase followed by a decrease in the rate of spontaneous afferent (A) discharges (D) accompanied with a decrease in the flow rate of perfusion solution from ...

Arterial oxygenation in patients was measured with an ear oximeter to assess factors that were associated with hypoxaemia at the induction of anaesthesia. Twenty patients breathed air during the induction of anaesthesia with thiopentone and following neuromuscular blockade with suxamethonium. Mean SaO2 decreased from 95.7% before induction to 85.5% 1 ...

Alfentanil, a new short-acting narcotic was clinically evaluated as an intravenous anaesthetic induction agent in 19 patients and compared to 20 patients receiving thiopentone. Alfentanil was superior to thiopentone in cardiovascular stability, both during induction of anaesthesia and tracheal intubation. However, alfentanil does not behave like a typical induction agent, ...

The most important method for evaluating the pathogenesis of male infertility is open testicular biopsy. Herein we describe a method of aspiration biopsy of testis for histologic examination. Sexually mature dogs and rats treated with chemotherapeutic agents and ionizing radiation were followed with periodic testicular aspiration biopsy during and after ...

The effect of topical anaesthetics on human corneal integrity was assessed by measurement of the alterations they cause in corneal damage threshold. The anaesthetics investigated were 1.0% Amethocaine HCl, assessed immediately after instillation and after delays of 20 min and 60 min, and 0.5% Amethocaine HCl and 0.4% Benoxinate HCl, ...

The evoked reversal characteristics of atracurium were studied in 21 patients using edrophonium or neostigmine and a train-of-four pattern of stimulation. Reversal of residual atracurium -induced neuromuscular blockade was significantly more rapid using edrophonium compared with neostigmine. The ratio of the fourth twitch in the train-of-four to the first twitch--the ...

The potential toxicity of halogenated anaesthetics on cellular immunity has been investigated on guineapig macrophages in gas phase by measuring the adenosine 5' triphosphate (ATP) concentration in the macrophages. A toxicity index (TI) was obtained by comparing the ATP concentration in vapour or gas-exposed macrophages with that of control cells. ...

Rats under Pavlovian defensive conditioning (noise paired with shock) while under general anesthesia. Peripheral administration of epinephrine (0.01 to 1.0 milligram per kilogram of body weight) during training resulted in the acquisition of conditioned fear, as shown 10 days later by conditioned suppression of water drinking. Analysis of heart rate ...

The effects of pentobarbital, alpha-chloralose, alphaxalone-alphadolone, diethyl ether and chloralose-urethane anesthesia on microvascular vasomotion were studied in the hamster skin fold window preparation. All these agents paralyzed vasomotion in the arterioles causing an initial vasodilation, where diameters were above the control-unanesthetized mean values (UMD) for a period of 5-60 min ...

The pneumatic antishock trouser garment is a widely used adjunct in the stabilization of the hypotensive patient. Successful resuscitation may require infusion of intravenous (IV) solutions below the diaphragm. However, once all three sections of the pneumatic antishock trousers are inflated, the only IV access available below the diaphragm with ...

A review of the literature and of our recent data (obtained by computer-based analysis of multiple inert gas elimination) re-emphasizes the significant gas exchange disturbances found to occur during general anesthesia which develop for probably several reasons. In this report we suggest firstly that the reduction in functional residual capacity ...

Twenty-six patients were anaesthetized with isoflurane (Forane) in oxygen using a completely closed-circuit breathing system to which liquid isoflurane was injected. The rate of injection was controlled to maintain the end-tidal concentration at a pre-set value (1.5% = 1.3 MAC). The rate of injection of anaesthetic was recorded and from ...

The neuromuscular blockade produced by a prolonged infusion of suxamethonium was studied using train-of-four stimulation in 40 patients receiving either halothane-nitrous oxide or fentanyl-nitrous oxide anaesthesia. Initially, a depolarizing (phase I) block was observed in all patients followed by phase II block which was associated with tachyphylaxis to suxamethonium; the ...

Motor blockade during epidural anesthesia was assessed using dynamometry to measure the maximum force of plantar flexion, and the Bromage score method. In a randomized double-blind study, 40 orthopedic patients received one of the following four local anesthetics epidurally: 0.5% bupivacaine-HCl (n = 10), 0.5% bupivacaine-CO2 (n = 10), 1.0% ...

A double blind comparison was made between alfentanil and fentanyl as analgesic components of anaesthesia. Sixty-six women undergoing laparoscopy received methohexitone, alcuronium, nitrous oxide and oxygen, with either alfentanil 0.75 mg or fentanyl 0.25 mg. Ten of the patients who received alfentanil and 1 patient who received fentanyl required supplementation ...

A technique was studied for the rapid induction of anesthesia in a closed rebreathing circuit using feedback control of end-tidal enflurane concentration. This technique was compared to anesthetic induction using a constant inspired concentration. In one group of seven dogs, end-tidal enflurane concentration was maintained at 2.0%. Electronic feedback control ...

The performances of six commercially available heat and moisture exchangers (HMEs) or "artificial noses," were evaluated in the laboratory. Each HME was studied with both a semiclosed anesthesia circuit (SCAC) and a nonrebreathing anesthesia system (NRS). Our results suggest that the Servohumidifier 150 and the Engström Edith are suitable for ...

The effects of enflurane and halothane on contractile force of the right ventricle were compared using the Walton-Brodie strain gage arch and pulmonary artery catheter data in dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital. Twenty mongrel dogs were studied to determine the effects of the two anesthetics on contractile force during a 30-minute ...

When the lysozyme concentration (expressed in microgram/ml HEL) in reflex-stimulated tears was compared with tear fluid obtained after local anaesthesia (after correction for differences in volume and matched against standard concentrations of HEL with standard volume), there was no significant statistical difference. These findings suggest that there is either a ...

Circulatory responses to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation were compared between three groups of patients, two of which were subjected to a procedure of topical anaesthesia before induction of general anaesthesia. Topical anaesthesia, achieved with either a lidocaine dose aerosol or by gargling with viscous lidocaine, attenuated the magnitude of the ...

Concentrations of halogenated anesthetics produced by contemporary vaporizers vary from vaporizer dial settings when carrier gas is not 100% oxygen. This effect is most marked when carrier gas changes from 100% O2 to 100% nitrous oxide (N2O). Vapor concentrations of halothane and enflurane from vaporizers with 6 L/min carrier gas ...

The effect of surgical trauma on leucocyte mobilization in vivo and the function of blood and exudative leucocytes was studied in 15 patients after inguinal herniotomy. Mobilization of leucocytes to skin windows with chambers was reduced 48 h after anaesthesia (P less than 0.01) compared with 21 healthy volunteers. Blood ...

To assess the major sites of action of halothane on the control of breathing, the ventilatory response to CO2 was studied in 11 cats and partitioned into tidal volume and frequency response. In these cats artificial perfusion of the ponto-medullary region was applied. In essence, this technique allows one to ...

Using the open ventriculocisternal perfusion method, rates of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production and reabsorption by bulk flow were examined in dogs anesthetized with either enflurane (2.2%) in nitrogen (60-70%) and oxygen, or nitrous oxide (60-70%) and enflurane (less than 0.2%) in oxygen (controls). The mean rate of CSF production increased ...

The application of continuous, noninvasive, transcutaneous oxygen tension monitoring during ultralight general anesthesia is investigated. Transcutaneous PO2 measurements showed a high correlation to simultaneously measured arterial PO2. Significant hypoxia was observed in patients maintained on only room air during ultralight general anesthesia. In patients receiving supplemental oxygen by nasal mask, ...

The Hewlett-Packard 47201A ear oximeter and the Radiometer TCM1 transcutaneous oxygen monitor were evaluated for use as noninvasive monitors of arterial oxygenation during inhalational anesthesia in man. Thirty-four healthy adult volunteers were anesthetized to steady states with halothane, enflurane, or isoflurane, and were studied either before or during surgery. Oxygen ...

Resting end-expiratory position (REEP) of the respiratory system was monitored continuously using spirometric recording in eleven patients during transition from consciousness to thiopental hypnosis and following subsequent administration of succinylcholine. REEP decreased following thiopental and was little affected by subsequent relaxant in most patients. A fall in REEP was observed ...

The effects of enflurane and halothane on the electroencephalogram (e.e.g.) were studied in 10 cats. Animals underwent at least 2 MAC-hours of anaesthesia with either agent, and the e.e.g. was monitored continuously. Arterial blood-gas tensions were maintained within normal limits. In addition, e.e.g. and behaviour were monitored during the period ...

A radiograph technique for identification of diaphragmatic segments and quantitation of their contribution to total diaphragmatic function was developed. five anesthetized ponies were studied on 3 separate occasions. Studies were made of the ponies in left lateral recumbency at 2 anesthetic levels (1 and 2 minimal alveolar anesthetic concentrations; halothane) ...

We have compared the rates of recovery of pancuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade after administration of neostigmine during anaesthesia maintained with nitrous oxide and intermittent narcotics, halothane or enflurane. Thirty patients were studied in whom anaesthesia was maintained with 70% nitrous oxide in oxygen with: fentanyl or thiopentone, halothane (0.55-0.65% end-tidal), or ...

We compared the ventilatory response to isocapnic hypoxaemia with a standard response to hyperoxic hypercarbia in human subjects sedated with methoxyflurane, diethyl ether or nitrous oxide, or anaesthetized with methoxyflurane. Compared to the awake state, methoxyflurane 0.1 MAC sedation did not alter either response significantly; methoxyflurane 1.1 MAC anaesthesia depressed ...

The transcutaneous technique of measuring PO2 (tcPO2) was studied in 30 adults with normal cardiovascular function undergoing nitrous oxide-enflurane or nitrous oxide-fentanyl anesthesia to determine the relationship between tcPO2 and PaO2. The tcPO2 was an accurate and clinically useful trend indicator of PaO2 (r = 0.9; p less than 0.0001). ...

All the presently used local anesthetic agents in the increasingly popular modalities of obstetric regional anesthesia cross the placenta readily, governed only by two factors that the anesthesiologist has any control over (1) dosage and timing of doses and (2) uterine blood flow as it relates to the development of ...

The application of carbon dioxide anesthesia to fish has been studied in order to find a method of transport of live fish. In the continuation of this study, the levels of arterial PaO2, PaCO2 and pH were examined in carp anesthetized with carbon dioxide. In the initial stage of the ...

A variety of changes of FHR monitoring parameters have been attributed to epidural anesthesia. Epidural anesthesia with lidocaine may cause tachycardia in a small percentage of patients and decreased FHR variability in other patients. No changes in baseline FHR have been observed after epidural anesthesia with bupivacaine or chloroprocaine. Chloroprocaine ...

To determine the rational for the ability of glucagon to enhance opacification of the bile ducts during intravenous cholangiography, which has been claimed in recent clinical reports, experiments were performed in dogs which had had Thomas cannulas inserted. A constant step-wise infusion of iodipamide was administered with or without a ...

We investigated the influence of tracer gas venous return on the determination of pulmonary perfusion (Qp) using the alveolar amplitude response technique (AART) to evaluate the applicability of this technique at rest and during exercise. The venous return influence was calculated by a computer simulation applied to a simplified body ...

The concentrations of norpethidine in blood were determined in patients recovering from abdominal surgery following both multiple i.m. injections (i.m. group) and the i.v. infusion (i.v. group) of pethidine. The rate of administration of pethidine averaged 25 mg h-1 in both groups. Concentrations of norpethidine were generally small compared with ...

This study has established the feasibility of measuring perilymph lidocaine levels after iontophoresis for local tympanic anesthesia in the rabbit model. A subsequent study may now be performed to produce a valid, dose-response curve correlating perilymph lidocaine levels and cochlear responses. In this manner the effects of and safety of ...

Ketamine appears to be the answer to the definite need for a safe and potent intravenously administered anesthetic of short duration for pediatric populations. Ketamine combines analgesic and sleep-producing effects without significant cardiovascular and respiratory depression. Even if the most serious untoward actions occur (eg. hallucinatory emergence phenomena which are ...

Quantitative changes in hematologic and serum biochemical values associated with prolonged general anesthesia produced by known alveolar doses of halothane in oxygen were determined in six young, healthy horses under laboratory conditions. In addition, 25 young equine patients anesthetized for shorter periods under clinical conditions were similarly (except hematologic values) ...

The duration and depth of anesthesia produced by lidocaine with three methods of administration were studied. To test duration of anesthesia, either lidocaine or placebo was administered by iontophoresis, subcutaneous infiltration, or swabbing to each of three sites 3 cm apart on the flexor surface of each forearm of 27 ...

The effect of low concentrations of halothane dissolved in saline (equivalent to 0.34% halothane) on the oxygen electrode was examined using a multi-wire Clark type electrode, consisting of eight platinum wires, each of 15 microns tip diameter. On the first exposure of the day to saline equilibrated with halothane in ...

Circulatory and respiratory effects of alveolar concentrations of 1.31, 1.97, and 2.62 vol% of isoflurane in oxygen were studied in eight young, healthy horses during spontaneous and controlled ventilation. These isoflurane concentrations were equivalent, respectively, to 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 times the minimal alveolar concentration of isoflurane, which prevents movement ...

Four commonly used vaporizers were studied for the effect of carrier gas density on vaporizer output. Vapour concentrations from a halothane Cyprane (Fluotec) Mark 2 increased in relation to the density of carrier gas, whereas the concentrations delivered by an enflurane Ohio vaporizer decreased. The halothane Cyprane (Fluotec) Mark 3 ...

Dantrolene, a skeletal muscle relaxant, has been proven prophylactic and therapeutic for malignant hyperthermia (MH) in swine. This study examined the feasibility of using a dantrolene dose response as measured by indirectly evoked foretoe twitch depression as a means to safely discriminate MH susceptibility in swine. The effect of halothane ...

Enflurane, a new volatile anesthetic agent, was compared with halothane as components of a commonly used clinical anesthetic regime in the pony. Enflurane provides satisfactory general anesthesia when administered at a maintenance concentration of approximately 1.5-2.5%, in combination with a 1:1 nitrous oxide-oxygen mixture. With both agents cardiac rhythm and ...

We evaluated the influence of 2 0ml contrast substance Dionosil aq. on the ventilatory function of lung 21 patients who suffered from relapsing bronchial inflammations. The spirographic examination before the local anaesthesia was accomplished with Vitalograph apparatus, the same examination after local anaesthesia of 3 ml 3% cocaine and 60 ...

In a former investigation we had got evidence for a relationship between synchronization of the resting EEG and plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity in healthy males. In order to substantiate this finding we now examined a new sample of males and a sample of females, both with either low-voltage or monotonous ...

Arterial plasma lidocaine concentration of 1 to 3.5 microgram/ml produced dose-related decreases in enflurane requirement (MAC) ranging from 15 to 37 per cent in dogs. The ventilatory responses to carbon dioxide at comparable depths of anesthesia with enflurane alone and the enflurane-lidocaine combination were measured in each animal and compared. ...