AIMS: We aimed to assess the impact of surgical pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) for severe pulmonary regurgitation (PR) on biventricular function and its effect on exercise capacity. METHODS AND RESULTS: Seventy-three patients (mean age 23.6 ± 11.5 years, 47 females) underwent surgical PVR for PR. Echocardiogram and magnetic resonance imaging ...

Impaired exercise capacity has been found in patients with diastolic dysfunction with preserved systolic function. Although conventional transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) provides useful clinical information about systolic and diastolic cardiac function, its capability to evaluate exercise capacity has been controversial. The inertia force of late systolic aortic flow is known to ...

Abstract Dyspnea is deemed to result from an imbalance between ventilatory demand and capacity. The single-breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) is often the best correlate to dyspnea in COPD. We hypothesized that DLCO contributes to the assessment of ventilatory demand, which is linked to physiological dead space /tidal ...

The aim of this study was to test (a) three methods to estimate the quantity of lactate accumulated (Q(LaA) ) in response to supramaximal exercise and (b) correlations between Q(LaA) and the nonoxidative energy supply assessed by the accumulated oxygen deficit (AOD). Nine rowers performed a 3-min all-out test on ...

Aim of the study was to determine distribution and depletion patterns of intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) in leg muscles before and after two types of standardized endurance exercise. (1) H-magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging was performed (1) in the thigh of eight-trained cyclists after exercising on an ergometer for 3 h at ...

Carnitine (Car) buffers excess acetyl-CoA through the formation of acetylCar (AcCar). AcCar's acetyl group (AG-AcCar) gives rise to a peak at 2.13 ppm in (1) H MR spectra of skeletal muscle, whereas the trimethylammonium (TMA) groups of both, AcCar and Car, are thought to contribute to the TMA peak at ...

Abstract In this study, we examined the relationships between intrinsic motivation, physical self-concept, and satisfaction with life using cross-lagged panel models analysed via structural equation models. The sample consisted of 293 participants (148 men, 145 women) aged 18-70 years who performed diverse types of physical exercise. Three alternative models were ...

Twenty-three women completed a resistance training program three or four days per week. At baseline and after eight weeks they completed the Vitality Plus Scale measuring exercise-related changes in quality of life. Greater scores indicated better quality of life. Significant improvements in quality of life (p < .001), upper body ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of the estimated time limit scale (ETL), which deals with a subjective prediction of how long the current exercise intensity can be maintained, for regulating exercise intensity using typical estimation-production procedure. Thirty-six male athletes performed a continuous incremental test and ...

: The impact of stress in conjunction with lifestyle factors on workplace productivity is understudied, thus the relationship between these variables was examined. : Negative binomial regression was used to test the cross-sectional association between stress and productivity loss in a sample of 2823 adults. : After body mass index ...

Life expectancy and chronic disease rates both rose dramatically in the United States during the first third of the twentieth century. As a result of this concurrence, Americans in this era increasingly thought about things they could do to extend their own lives, especially eating less, exercising more, and limiting ...

Caloric restriction and physical exercise have proven beneficial against age-associated changes in body composition and declining physical performance; however, little is known regarding what benefit these interventions might have when initiated late in life. The study of mimetics of diet and exercise and the combination thereof may provide additional treatments ...

This case report outlines the diagnoses of a rare myophosphorylase deficiency (McArdle Syndrome) in a unique way. A set of characteristic values from a Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test (CPET) combined with a typical patient history pointed to a failure of the glycolytic pathway in the skeletal muscle. McArdle Syndrome was confirmed ...

Stretching exercises are regularly recommended as a part of football-training sessions and in preparation for competition. There is little sound empirical evidence, however, to substantiate the role of stretching exercises and consequently increased flexibility on injury prevention in football. Furthermore, in the last decade or so, fundamental research has shed ...

Objective To identify important considerations for the delivery of an exercise training intervention in a randomised controlled trial to maximise subsequent participation in that randomised controlled trial and intervention uptake. Design A cross-sectional survey, with a theoretical basis derived from the Health Belief Model (HBM) and the Reach, Efficacy/Effectiveness, Adoption, ...

Antioxidant supplementation has been suggested to prevent exercise-induced muscle injury, but the findings are inconsistent. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential protective role of vitamin E treatment against eccentric exercise-induced muscle injury by examining morphological and functional alterations in rat soleus muscle after downhill running as ...

Sensory retraining teaches the patient to ignore or blot out postinjury unpleasant orofacial sensations to optimally tune into and decipher the weakened and damaged signals from the tissues. Sensory retraining is a simple, inexpensive, noninvasive exercise program, which initiated shortly after injury, can lessen the objectionable impression of orofacial altered ...

Health communication interventions encouraging exercise may aid in mitigating the obesity crisis in the United States. Although much research has investigated behavioral predictors of exercise, little work has explored message characteristics most persuasive in the exercise context. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to test a message strategy drawing ...

Hamstring injuries are a common occurrence among professional football cheerleaders. The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of an eccentric, closed-chain hamstring exercise intervention on hamstring injury-associated pain during the course of the football season among professional football cheerleaders. Forty-three female cheerleaders participated in an eccentric, closed-chain ...

Sport participation confers many varied benefits in children and adolescents, such as self-esteem, confidence, team play, fitness, agility and strength. Nevertheless, the age of initiation of intense training is decreasing and programmes which expose children to excessive amounts of exercise increase the risk of injury. We review sports injuries in ...

The present investigation examined the relation between exercise intensity and alcohol use coping motives among trauma-exposed adults. Participants were 114 adults (58 women; M(age)=22.31 years, SD=8.89) who reported exposure to at least one traumatic event (American Psychiatric Association, 2000) and alcohol use in the past 30 days. Partially consistent with ...

This study examined the moderating role of gender on the team building (TB)/perceived effort relationship in an exercise setting. Youths (n=100) who participated in either a TB or control group exercise setting completed a measure of perceived effort prior to and following a TB intervention. A 2 (group)×2 (gender) ANCOVA ...

We evaluated physiological and electroencephalographic responses during a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) in people with epilepsy. Behavioral outcomes of people with epilepsy were also compared with those of healthy controls. Thirty-eight subjects (19 people with epilepsy and 19 controls) participated in this study. Poor outcomes in the behavioral analyses (habitual ...

To use a Progressive Ratio (PR) computerized "work" paradigm to measure course and correlates of exercise motivation in in-patients with Anorexia Nervosa (AN). Sixteen inpatients with AN participated in a PR task assessing the relative reinforcing effect of two different increments of cash versus the opportunity to exercise for upto ...

The Study of Exercise and Nutrition in Older Rhode Islanders (SENIOR) Project II is an intervention study to promote the maintenance of both exercise and healthful eating in older adults. It is the second phase of an earlier study, SENIOR Project I, that originally recruited 1277 community-dwelling older adults to ...

Using behavioral self-regulation processes may facilitate exercise among older women with heart disease. Data from women in a heart disease-management program (n = 658, mean 73 years), was used to explore associations among exercise self-regulation components (i.e., choosing to improve exercise and observing, judging, and reacting to one's behavior) and ...

Belief in one's ability to exert control over the environment and to produce desired results is essential for an individual's wellbeing. It has repeatedly been argued that perception of control is not only desirable, but is also probably a psychological and biological necessity. In this article, we review the literature ...

Differences in health behaviors may be important contributors to racial/ethnic disparities in the health status of adults. Studies to date have not compared whether there are health behavior differences in exercise and dietary behaviors among middle-age and older adults in the four largest racial/ethnic categories. To investigate racial/ethnic differences in ...

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of death in the Western world. Although the benefits of exercise as a health behavior are widely known, the majority of CHD patients fail to adhere to an exercise program. The availability of social networks has been shown to be related to ...

In the Wellness for Women Project, a randomized-by-site 1-year controlled clinical trial, the efficacy of generic newsletters and newsletters tailored on Health Promotion Model behavior-specific cognitions, eating behavior, and activity behavior were compared among 225 women aged 50 to 69 years. The purpose of this study was to compare the ...

To explore the associations between specific elements of compulsive exercise and both eating-disordered cognitions and eating-disordered behaviors in a nonclinical sample of young women. A sample of young women (n = 498) completed self-report measures of eating pathology (The Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire) and a relatively new measure of Compulsive ...

The Transtheoretical Model of behavior change (TTM) postulates that behavior change is a process involving progress through five distinct stages of change (SOC). One of the key components for progress to a later stage is decisional balance (pros and cons of changing to the target behavior). The goal of the ...

This experiment examined the effects of a possible selves intervention on self-regulatory efficacy and exercise behavior among 19 men and 61 women (M age = 21.43 years, SD = 3.28) who reported exercising fewer than 3 times per week. Participants were randomly assigned to a control condition, a hoped-for possible ...

Action planning promotes exercise behavior and mediates intention-behavior relationships. The aim of this study is to provide correlational and experimental tests of action planning as mediator of intention-exercise behavior relationships controlling for Theory of Planned Behavior variables and past behavior. In study 1 (N = 777), young adults completed questionnaires ...

To evaluate the efficacy of behavioral weight control intervention with a peer-enhanced activity intervention versus structured aerobic exercise in decreasing body mass index (BMI) and z-BMI in overweight adolescents. Participants were randomized to 1 of 2 group-based treatment conditions: (1) cognitive behavioral treatment with peer-enhanced adventure therapy or (2) cognitive ...

Negative attitudes of physiotherapists may prevent them from implementing exercise as an intervention among people with disabilities. The aim of this study was to examine whether physiotherapy student attitudes towards the barriers to exercise for adolescents with Down syndrome changed as a result of participating in a 10-week exercise programme. ...

The present research tested the hypothesis that exercising self-control causes an increase in approach motivation. Study 1 found that exercising (vs. not exercising) self-control increases self-reported approach motivation. Study 2a identified a behavior--betting on low-stakes gambles--that is correlated with approach motivation but is relatively uncorrelated with self-control, and Study 2b ...

BACKGROUND: Although regular exercise has been recommended to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among people with metabolic syndrome, little information is available about psychobehavioral strategies in this population. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify the stages, processes of change, decisional balance, and self-efficacy of exercise ...

Dog obesity is a common nutritional disorder affecting up to 40% of the companion animal (pet) dog population in Australia and other developed nations. A clear understanding of factors determining relevant caregiver (owner) behaviors underpins effective treatment for this disorder. The theory of planned behavior can be used to understand ...

Physical exercise induces widespread neurobiological adaptations and improves learning and memory. Most research in this field has focused on hippocampus-based spatial tasks and changes in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as a putative substrate underlying exercise-induced cognitive improvements. Chronic exercise can also be anxiolytic and causes adaptive changes in stress-reactivity. The ...

Effects of exercise on body image are not well understood. Obese women seeking weight loss were randomly assigned to groups of exercise supported by a cognitive-behavioral protocol (n=68) or typical introductory methods (n=66), and assessed on body satisfaction (Body Areas Satisfaction Scale; BASS), self-regulatory efficacy (Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale; ESE), physical ...

This pilot study examined the possible mediation of walking behavior by exercise self-efficacy in an Internet-delivered intervention in a sample of college-age women. Exercise self-efficacy did not mediate walking behavior as determined using nonparametric bootstrapping methods.

Measuring readiness to exercise, or exercise stage of change (ESOC), is an important first step when counseling adults about exercise. However, minimal construct validity testing of ESOC measures has been reported. With a sample of 95 adults, we estimated the construct validity of four ESOC measures with commonly used response ...

To investigate eating habits and exercise behaviors as mediators in the relationship between sexual orientation and BMI in men. We hypothesized that sexual minority men (SMM) that is, men who identify as either homosexual or bisexual, have a lower BMI due to healthier eating habits and increased physical activity compared ...

BACKGROUND: Evidence indicates that regular exercise improves the well-being of individuals with osteoarthritis (OA). However, these individuals seem to exercise less frequently than the general population and seem to have limited adherence to exercising. OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this study were: (1) to increase knowledge and understanding of the experience ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to survey the alternative behavior management techniques that might be utilized by pediatric dentists in place of hand over mouth exercise (HOME) after its elimination from the clinical guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD). METHODS: A questionnaire was electronically mailed ...

OBJECTIVE: To study the exercise behavior and knowledge about physical exercise among diabetic patients. The authors explored the correlation between the exercise behavior and knowledge of physical exercise. MATERIAL AND METHOD: DM type II patients aged more than 18 years, who attended the DM clinic, Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok between April ...

To inform future walking interventions, we sought to identify exercise mediators that are associated with readiness to exercise in persons with either asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease (PAD) or disease risk factors. We enrolled participants excluded from a larger behavioral intervention trial for persons with diabetes mellitus and PAD. Participants completed ...

The aim of the present study was to replicate and amalgamate findings from previous research into a comprehensive regression model predicting excessive exercise in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN). Participants were 153 patients admitted to an inpatient treatment program for AN. Excessive exercise status was defined as a minimum of ...

The effects of acute exercise on cognitive performance were examined using meta-analytic techniques. The overall mean effect size was dependent on the timing of cognitive assessment. During exercise, cognitive task performance was impaired by a mean effect of -0.14. However, impairments were only observed during the first 20min of exercise. ...