Pathologic processes intrinsic and extrinsic to the tendons have been proposed as the underlying cause of rotator cuff disease, but the precise etiology is not known. Tear formation is, in part, attributable to the accumulation of subrupture tendon fatigue damage. We review the molecular, mechanical, and structural changes induced in ...

Elevated metabolism is common to spaceflight while exercise in microgravity exacerbates energy costs. Thus in-flight exercise countermeasures must be devised that minimize energy costs as they are performed on hardware operable in microgravity. Female subjects (N = 28), subdivided into athletic and sedentary groups, each performed two workouts on a ...

Early developmental experience shapes neuronal circuits and influences the trajectory of cognitive aging. Just as adversity early in life can accelerate age-related synaptic impairments, enhancement of neuronal metabolism and function in the developing brain could potentially protect neurons against the synaptic consequences of aging. In this regard, metabolic enhancements following ...

This review describes the methodology and analysis of respiratory mechanics as it pertains to dynamic exercise. Underlying physical principles governing respiratory mechanics and commonly used measuring instruments will be discussed. We explain the physiological basis behind respiration, along with the dynamics of pulmonary ventilation. This review will outline the theoretical ...

BACKGROUND: We have previously reported normal values for LV mechanical synchrony from post-stress exercise (99m)Tc SPECT studies; the goal of this study was to develop normal values for mechanical synchrony from pharmacologic stress and rest (82)Rb PET studies and compare these values to a population of LBBB patients. METHODS AND ...

PURPOSE: To analyze the scientific literature about the physiology and effects of exercises used in the treatment of oral myofunctional disorders. RESEARCH STRATEGY: The methodology used followed the concepts of the Cochrane Handbook and involved question formulation related to the topic of investigation, identification and selection of the studies, and ...

: The correct assessment of energy expenditure (EE) in athletes is important to ensure that dietary energy intake is sufficient. In general, athletes are individuals with especially high levels of total EE (TEE) and exercise-related EE (ExEE). The SenseWear Pro3 Armband (SWA) is a multisensor device for the individual assessment ...

Previous studies have demonstrated that supervised strength training (ST) or walking training (WT) improve walking capacity in patients with claudication. However, it remains unknown whether these improvements would be sustained over a subsequent unsupervised period. This article reports the findings of a study to analyze whether the improvements in walking ...

Sarcopenia is a complex multifactorial condition that can by treated with multimodal approaches. No pharmacologic agent to prevent or treat sarcopenia has been as efficacious as exercise (mainly resistance training) in combination with nutritional intervention (adequate protein and energy intake). However, performing resistance training sessions and following nutritional advice can ...

This study aimed to validate a portable metabolic system in field measuring conditions, such as prolonged moderate exercise at low temperatures, high humidity and with external wind. VO(2), VCO(2), RER and V (E) were measured using the Oxycon Mobile (OM), with a windshield, during cycle ergometer exercise: (1) indoors at ...

Chronic hypertension is a major concern in adults who have undergone resection of coarctation of the aorta (CoA) in childhood. In otherwise healthy subjects, exercise-induced hypertension is prognostic for chronic hypertension; however, the prognostic value in patients with CoA remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to evaluate ...

The aim of this study was to compare the evolution of oxygen uptake (VO(2)) in specifically trained runners during running tests based on the 400-, 800-, and 1500-m pacing strategies adopted by elite runners to optimize performance. Final velocity decreased significantly for all three distances, with the slowest velocity in ...

The traditional warm-up (WU) athletes use to prepare for a sprint track cycling event involves a general WU followed by a series of brief sprints lasting at least 50 min in total. A WU of this duration and intensity could cause significant fatigue and impair subsequent performance. The purpose of ...

OBJECTIVES: This study is designed toinvestigate the inducing effect of one arm exercise on interarm difference (IAD) in the blood pressure (BP). METHODS: Fifty healthy young participants were included in the study. Three-minute exercises of the right arm elbow flexion and extension were performed. The bilateral brachial BP was simultaneously ...

This study examined the effects of pre-exercise cooling and heating on neuromuscular function, pacing and intermittent-sprint performance in the heat. Ten male, team sport athletes completed three randomized, counterbalanced conditions including a thermo-neutral environment (CONT), whole body submersion in an ice bath (ICE) and passive heating in a hot environment ...

Taylor, JD, Bandy, WD, and Whittemore, JD. Test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change of a novel submaximal graded exercise test in the measurement of graded exercise test duration. J Strength Cond Res 25(5): 1465-1469, 2011-Measurement of graded exercise test duration is clinically important and can be assessed by maximal graded ...

: To compare the demands of a 6-d stage race using field measures of power output and HR in male (n = 8) and female (n = 10) competitive cyclists. : HR and power output were monitored in males and females competing in separate races on identical courses including a ...

Physical training induces beneficial adaptations, but exhausting exercise increases reactive oxygen species, which can cause muscular injuries with consequent inflammatory processes, implying jeopardized performance and possibly overtraining. Acute strenuous exercise almost certainly exceeds the benefits of physical activity; it can compromise performance and may contribute to increased future risk of ...

Introduction The traditional maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2max)) protocol has received criticism for being an unnatural form of exercise, lacking ecological validity and producing different VO(2max) responses depending on protocol duration and work rate increments. Purpose The purpose of this investigation was to design and test a new VO(2max) protocol allowing ...

The objectives were to evaluate the effects of exercise on ovarian folliculogenesis and related hormones in mares. Mares (n = 11) were randomly assigned into a control (non-exercised) or treatment (exercised) group. Treatment mares (n = 5) were moderately exercised for 30 min, 6 d/wk. All mares underwent daily transrectal ...

Miranda, F, Simão, R, Rhea, M, Bunker, D, Prestes, J, Leite, RD, Miranda, H, de Salles, BF, and Novaes, J. Effects of linear vs. daily undulatory periodized resistance training on maximal and submaximal strength gains. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2010-The objective of this study was to verify the ...

This study tested the effects of low-cadence (60 rev min(-1)) uphill (Int(60)) or high-cadence (100 rev min(-1)) level-ground (Int(100)) interval training on power output (PO) during 20-min uphill (TT(up)) and flat (TT(flat)) time-trials. Eighteen male cyclists ([Formula: see text]: 58.6 ± 5.4 mL min(-1) kg(-1)) were randomly assigned to Int(60), Int(100) or a control group (Con). The interval training ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the oxygen cost of running barefoot vs. running shod on the treadmill as well as overground. 10 healthy recreational runners, 5 male and 5 female, whose mean age was 23.8±3.39 volunteered to participate in the study. Subjects participated in 4 experimental conditions: ...

Abstract Background: Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is a serious problem for people who do not exercise on a regular basis. Although the best preventive measure for diabetes and for maintaining a low hemoglobin A1c is exercise, muscle soreness is common in people with diabetes. For people with diabetes, DOMS is ...

Objective:This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the 3DNX triaxial accelerometer in a laboratory and mechanical setting.Methods:Experiment 1: A total of 10 units were fixed to a Multi-axis shaker table. A schedule comprising a range of accelerations was repeated on two occasions along each of the three ...

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the physiological responses on three interval training sets performed at intensities relative to the critical velocity which was calculated from two different combinations of distances using a 2-parameter linear model. Methods: In a controlled repeated measures design, ten male well trained ...

Stannard, AB, Brandenburg, JP, Pitney, WA, and Lukaszuk, JM. Effects of wearing a cooling vest during the warm-up on 10-km run performance. J Strength Cond Res 25(X): 000-000, 2011-The purpose of this study was to examine whether wearing a cooling vest during an active warm-up would improve the 10-km time ...

Abstract Objective. Hypertensive response at peak exercise and blunted blood pressure (BP) recovery, altered BP responses obtained from exercise stress testing, have been suggested as risk factors for future onset of hypertension in previous studies. Epicardial fat, a new cardiometabolic risk factor, has been linked to hypertension in some recent ...

OBJECTIVE:: Exercise-associated muscle cramping (EAMC) is a common medical condition in endurance athletes. The exact cause of and risk factors for EAMC are still being investigated. The main objective of this study was to investigate factors that are associated with a self-reported history of EAMC in Ironman triathletes. DESIGN:: Case-control ...

Although obesity is a common co-morbid condition in COPD, relatively little is known how it may affect functional exercise capacity. Accordingly, we compared physiologic responses during a 6 min walk test in 10 obese and 10 non-obese COPD patients matched by gender, age, and spirometric severity category. Patients first exercised on ...

The objective of this study was to determine the main and interactive effects of load carriage and fatigue on gait characteristics. Twelve young male participants were recruited in this study. Fatiguing protocol involved a running exercise, and fatigue was considered to be induced when the participants first gave an RPE ...

Köklü, Y, Aşçi, A, Koçak, FÜ, Alemdaroğlu, U, and Dündar, U. Comparison of the physiological responses to different small-sided games in elite young soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 25(x): 000-000, 2011-The purpose of this study was to compare the blood lactate (La), heart rate (HR) and percentage of maximum ...

We determined the response characteristics and functional correlates of the dynamic relationship between the rate (Δ) of oxygen consumption ( <img border=0 width=11 height=13 src="548_files/image001.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1188">O2) and the applied power output (work rate = WR) during ramp-incremental exercise in patients with mitochondrial myopathy (MM). Fourteen patients (7 males, age 35.4 ...

The present cross-sectional study was designed to assess the agreement between maximal fat oxidation rate (maxFAT (OXR)) VS. Lactate Threshold (LT), and CROSS-OVER point (CO (P)) VS. Individual Anaerobic Threshold (IAT) in well-trained athletes. 2 groups of male, well-trained endurance athletes (short-distance triathletes (ST) (n=11), and road cyclists (RC) (n=11)) ...

The purpose of this study was to determine whether ingestion of a small bolus of ice slurry (1.25 g kg(-1)) could attenuate the reduction in maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) torque output during a 2-min sustained task following exercise-induced hyperthermia. On two separate occasions, 10 males (age: 24 ± 3 years, [Formula: see text]: 49.8 ± 4.7 ml kg(-1) min(-1)) ...

To compare the temporal recruitment of the vastus medialis obliquus (VMO) and vastus lateralis (VL) during voluntary ankle movements and perturbed standing in people with patellofemoral pain, and to determine the effects of different reflex and voluntary postural exercise tasks on VMO facilitation. Repeated-measures design. Twenty-three subjects with patellofemoral pain. ...

Riemann, BL, Limbaugh, GK, Eitner, JD, and LeFavi, RG. Medial and lateral gastrocnemius activation differences during heel-raise exercise with three different foot positions. J Strength Cond Res 25(3): 634-639, 2011-Despite little objective support, heel-raise exercises are commonly performed using varying foot positions in an attempt to alter medial (MG) and ...

Aim.  To provide a physical exercise programme for older adults living in nursing homes. Background.  Pain is common among older persons and for those already in long-term care and having difficulty in coping with pain will be at risk of further reducing their optimal independent function. Design.  A quasi-experimental single ...

Traditionally defined in terms of %maximal heart rate (%HRmax) or %maximal metabolic equivalents, the process of exercise prescription is still difficult and individually imprecise. An alternative, and simpler, method is to define exercise intensity in terms of the Talk Test, which may be a surrogate for ventilatory threshold and more ...

This study investigated the effect of acute caffeine (CAF) intake on postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) after intense resistance training. Fourteen strength-trained men (mean±SD age and mass =23.1±4.2 yr and 83.4±13.2 kg, respectively) who were caffeine users initially completed one-repetition maximum testing (1-RM) of four exercises: bench press, leg press, lat ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of equations for predicting maximal values of heart rate (HR) in military personnel. Five hundred and nine members of the Croatian Armed Forces (age 29.1 +/- 5.5 years; height 180.1 +/- 6.6 cm; body mass 83.4 +/- 11.3 ...

Self-generated validity (SGV) refers to the fact that measurement of cognitions can lead to behaviour change. The present research tested to two predictions in relation to SGV: SGV is stronger when supplementing measures of intentions and other components of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) with measures of anticipated regret; ...

Zadro, I, Sepulcri, L, Lazzer, S, Fregolent, R, and Zamparo, P. A protocol of intermittent exercise (shuttle runs) to train young basketball players. J Strength Cond Res 25(X): 000-000, 2011-The purpose of this study was to set up a protocol of intermittent exercise to train young basketball players. Twenty-one players ...

Keese, F, Farinatti, P, Pescatello, L, and Monteiro, W. A comparison of the immediate effects of resistance, aerobic, and concurrent exercise on postexercise hypotension. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2011-A comparison of the immediate effects of resistance, aerobic, and concurrent exercise on postexercise hypotension. The influence of resistance exercise ...

Reports on reproducibility of lactate markers usually considered only two trials. The authors assessed reproducibility of power output at seven markers in 11 fit subjects over at least six trials under tightly controlled conditions. Subjects undertook incremental exercises (50 W start, +50 W every 3 min to exhaustion) on a ...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS:: Older adults are at high risk for syncope due to orthostatic intolerance (OI), and this risk increases with co-morbid Type 2 diabetes and vasoactive medications. Despite many benefits, previous investigations have shown worsening OI with aerobic training. We examined whether aerobic exercise reduced OI in older adults with Type ...

Patients with pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are at risk for multiple complications and require close follow-up. We investigated the reproducibility of the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and exercise stress test (EST) for the evaluation of low oxygen saturation in patients with PAVMs. Twenty-two patients with PAVMs, most of whom had ...

Objectives The purpose of the present study was to describe the match-play demands of professional rugby union players competing in Super 14 matches during the 2008 and 2009 seasons. Design The movements of 20 players from Super 14 rugby union team during the 2008 and 2009 seasons were video recorded. ...

PURPOSE:: To assess the effects of pre-cooling volume on neuromuscular function and performance in free-paced intermittent-sprint exercise in the heat. METHODS:: Ten male, team-sport athletes completed four randomized trials involving an 85-min free-paced intermittent-sprint exercise protocol in 33°C±33% relative humidity. Pre-cooling sessions included whole body (WB), head+hand (HH), head (H) ...

PURPOSE:: To analyze the acute mechanical and metabolic response to resistance exercise protocols (REP) differing in the number of repetitions (R) performed in each set (S) with respect to the maximum predicted number (P). METHODS:: Over twenty-one exercise sessions separated by 48-72 h, eighteen strength-trained males, ten in bench press ...