Forensic mortuaries in all Australian jurisdictions are dealing with increasing workloads, with routine cases regularly occupying greater than 50%, and often as much as 85%, of existing cold room body storage capacity, particularly over long weekends and during seasonal increases in respiratory infections. Hence the need to deal with a ...

PURPOSE: To examine variations in physical, physiological and performance parameters over an annual training cycle in a world champion rowing crew. METHODS: Four world-class rowers, all of them members of the men's heavyweight quadruple sculls squad who are current world rowing champions, were assessed 3 times at regular 4-month intervals ...

Physical activity after bariatric surgery is associated with sustained weight loss and improved quality of life. Some bariatric patients engage insufficiently in physical activity. This may be due to exercise cognitions, i.e., specific beliefs about benefits of and barriers to physical exercise. The aim of this study was to examine ...

Understanding the contextual preferences that people have for engaging in a health-enhancing physical activity has been identified as particularly important, as these preferences have been implicated in the maintenance of active lifestyle behaviors. The primary purpose of this study was to examine adults' preferences for exercising in both gender-segregated and ...

This paper aims to examine the similarities in effects of exercise training and a hypocaloric diet within overweight female monozygotic twin pairs and to assess differences in twin partners' responses depending on the timing of exercise bouts and main meals. Six previously untrained twin pairs (aged 20-37years, body fat 35.8±6.3%) ...

People with stroke typically must perform much of their hand exercise at home without professional assistance as soon as two weeks after the stroke. Without feedback and encouragement, individuals often lose motivation to practice using the affected hand, and this disuse contributes to further declines in hand function. We developed ...

Studies examining trends over time in mainstream magazines observe decreases in women's figure size, and increases in figure exposure and amount of diet/exercise content. Little is known, however, regarding the content of African American magazines. Utilizing methods from classic studies, this investigation examined content in Ebony, a magazine with wide ...

Studies have demonstrated that postnatal women are at high risk for physical inactivity and generally show lower levels of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) compared to prepregnancy. The overall purpose of the current study was to investigate social cognitive correlates of LTPA among postnatal women during a 6-month period following childbirth. ...

It is well established that the metabolic cost of horizontal locomotion decreases as a regular function of animal body mass, regardless of body form and phylogeny. How body size affects the cost of incline exercise remains much less clear. Studies on vertebrates have led to the hypotheses that the cost ...

Compared with isometric and dynamic velocity-constrained (isokinetic) tasks, less is known regarding velocity-dependent (isotonic) muscle power and recovery in older adults following repeated fatiguing lengthening contractions. We investigated voluntary and evoked neuromuscular properties of the dorsiflexors in nine old (68.3 ± 6.1 years) and nine young women (25.1 ± 1.3 years) during and following 150 lengthening ...

The aim of this study was to monitor muscle contractile performance in vivo, using an electrical stimulation protocol, immediately following an acute high and low intensity exercise session conducted at the same average intensity performed on a cycle ergometer. Eighteen healthy males (25.1 ± 4.5 years, 81.6 ± 9.8 kg, 1.83 ± 0.06 m; mean ± SD) participated in the study. ...

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of exercise intensity during an incremental exercise test on plasma Mg concentration in well-trained euhydrated athletes. Twenty-seven well-trained endurance athletes carried out a cycloergometer test: after a warm-up of 10 min at 2.0 W·kg(-1), the workload increased by 0.5 W·kg(-1) ...

PURPOSE:: We compared the effects of exercise intensity (EI) on the cytokine response to an acute bout of running. METHODS:: Ten males (mean ± 1SD VO2max: 56.2 ± 8.1 mL·min-·kg-) completed three, counterbalanced, 8-day trials. Following three control days, on Day 4, participants completed 60 min of running at 55%, ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of exercise and knee-bending activities with magnetic resonance (MR)-based knee cartilage T2 relaxation times and morphologic abnormalities in asymptomatic subjects with and without osteoarthritis (OA) risk factors from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. METHODS: We studied 132 subjects with knee OA risk factors and 33 normal controls ...

Ferguson-Stegall, L, McCleave, EL, Ding, Z, Doerner III, PG, Wang, B, Liao, Y-H, Kammer, L, Liu, Y, Hwang, J, Dessard, BM, and Ivy, JL. Postexercise carbohydrate-protein supplementation improves subsequent exercise performance and intracellular signaling for protein synthesis. J Strength Cond Res 25(5): 1210-1224, 2011-Postexercise carbohydrate-protein (CHO + PRO) supplementation has ...

: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of five different recovery strategies on repeated simulated time trial (TT) performance on a stationary cycle ergometer. : Study 1 (n = 8, male, club-level trained; V˙O2max: 56.9 ± 3.8 mL·min·kg) investigated the influence of passive rest with or ...

Zuniga, JM, Berg, K, Noble, J, Harder, J, Chaffin, ME, and Hanumanthu, VS. Physiological responses during interval training with different intensities and duration of exercise. J Strength Cond Res 25(5): 1279-1284, 2011-The purpose of this study was to compare 4 interval training (IT) sessions with different intensities and durations of ...

We evaluated the expression of MSTN and ActRIIB mRNA in muscle and adipose tissue in diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in rats subjected to exercise. There was no difference in the expression of MSTN between exercised and sedentary high-fat fed rats in muscle after swimming training. The expression of ActRIIB ...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a combination of nutrients on physical performance, oxidative stress and mitochondrial biogenesis in rats subjected to exhaustive exercise. Rats were divided into sedentary control (SC), exhaustive exercise (EC) and exhaustive exercise with nutrient supplementation (EN). The nutrients include (mg/kg/day): ...

Substrate metabolism differs between children and adults and is important for weight management during childhood. A direct comparison of fat oxidation over a range of exercise intensities and the estimation of Fatmax (exercise intensity that elicits maximal fat oxidation (MFO)) during treadmill (TM) and cycling exercise (CE) does not appear ...

BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to determine if increasing strength in primary knee extensors and flexors would directly affect net knee joint moments during a common functional task in persons with knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: An exploratory single sample clinical trial with pre-post treatment measures was used to study ...

PURPOSE:: Given the widespread use of water immersion during recovery from exercise, we aimed to investigate the effect of contrast water immersion on recovery of sprint cycling performance, HR and blood lactate. METHODS:: Two groups completed high-intensity sprint exercise before and after a 30 minute randomised recovery. The Wingate group ...

The aim of this study was to test the hypotheses that 1) skeletal muscles of elderly subjects can adapt to a single endurance exercise bout and 2) endurance trained elderly subjects have higher expression/activity of oxidative and angiogenic proteins in skeletal muscle than untrained elderly people. To investigate this, lifelong ...

We compared the effects of consuming a 2-day low-carbohydrate (CHO) diet (low-CHO; 20% CHO, 40% protein, 40% fat) versus an isocaloric 2-day moderate-CHO diet (mod-CHO; 55% CHO, 15% protein, 30% fat) on substrate oxidation during and after exercise in ten active, young women. Subjects were 24.9 ± 6.2% body fat with a ...

We analyzed the effect of a 6-week aerobic exercise training program on the in vivo macrophage reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) in human cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) transgenic (CETP-tg) mice. Male CETP-tg mice were randomly assigned to a sedentary group or a carefully supervised exercise training group (treadmill 15 m/min, 30 min ...

Ishizuka, T, Hess, RA, Reuter, B, Federico, MS, and Yamada, Y. Recovery of time on limits of stability from functional fatigue in division II collegiate athletes. J Strength Cond Res 25(X): 000-000, 2011-Health and fitness professionals working with athletes could establish effective and safe practice and training programs if recovery ...

The recent surge in childhood obesity has renewed interest in studying exercise as a therapeutic means of metabolizing fat. However, carbohydrate (CHO) intake attenuates whole body fat oxidation during exercise in healthy children and may suppress fat metabolism in obese youth. To determine the impact of CHO intake on substrate ...

This study examined the effects of 30 and 60 min of moderate intensity exercise on postprandial triacylglycerol concentration [TAG] in 11 healthy, 13-year-old boys. The boys completed three counterbalanced conditions. On day 1, they either rested (CON), or jogged for 30 min (EX30) or 60 min (EX60) at 55% peak [Formula: see text] ...

PURPOSE:: Dietary nitrate supplementation has been shown to reduce the O2 cost of sub-maximal exercise and to improve high-intensity exercise tolerance. However, it is presently unknown whether it may enhance performance during simulated competition. The present study investigated the effects of acute dietary nitrate supplementation on power output (PO), V˙o2, ...

The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of sodium bicarbonate ingestion on consecutive "all out" sprint tests, analyzing the acid-base status and its influence on performance and perceived effort. Ten elite bicycle motocross (BMX) riders (20.7 ± 1.4 years, training experience 8-12 years) participated in this study which consisted of ...

Objective This study analysed cardiopulmonary, metabolic and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) responses during exercise bouts performed below, at and above the second lactate threshold (LT2) intensity. Methods 10 healthy men performed constant workloads to exhaustion at the first lactate threshold (LT1), LT2 and 25% of the difference between LT2 ...

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a 6-wk intervention that used guided relaxation and exercise imagery (GREI) to increase self-reported leisure-time exercise behavior among older adults. A total of 93 community-dwelling healthy older adults (age 70.38 ± 8.15 yr, 66 female) were randomly placed in ...

Brunner-Ziegler, S, Strasser, B, and Haber, P. Comparison of metabolic and biomechanic responses to active vs. passive warm-up procedures before physical exercise. J Strength Cond Res 25(4): 909-914, 2011-Active warm-up before physical exercise is a widely accepted practice to enhance physical performance, whereas data on modalities to passively raise tissue ...

Aims.  (1) To explore the types and three components (frequency, duration and caloric expenditure) of leisure-time physical activity in community older people with chronic diseases. (2) To identify leisure-time physical activity-related factors in these community older people. Background.  Previous research has focused primarily on measuring the actual physiological or psychological ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of bovine colostrum to attenuate postexercise decline in immune function. The authors evaluated the time course of a number of immune variables after short-term intense exercise in 9 male athletes after 10 d of supplementation with either colostrum or skim-milk ...

: Regular exercise is inversely related to markers of chronic inflammation, but we do not know to what extent these changes are the product of recent exercise behavior. The aim of the present investigation was to examine the stability of markers of chronic inflammation in the face of short-term positive ...

MiRNAs regulate cardiac development, hypertrophy and angiogenesis, but their role in cardiac hypertrophy (CH) induced by aerobic training has not previously been studied. Aerobic training promotes physiological CH preserving cardiac function (CF). This study assessed involvement of miRNAs-29 in CH of trained rats. Female Wistar rats (n=7/group) were randomized into ...

This study examined the effects of cold therapy (COLD) on recovery of voluntary and evoked contractile properties following high-intensity, muscle-damaging and fatiguing exercise. Ten resistance-trained males performed 6 × 25 maximal concentric/eccentric muscle contractions of the dominant knee extensors (KE) followed by a 20-min recovery (COLD v control) in a randomized cross-over ...

Objectives: Different models to assess HR recovery have been developed but knowledge of their reliability is poor at different submaximal exercise intensities and recovery durations. Our aim was to determine the reliability of HR recovery after a test on a cycle ergometer. Design: Twenty-one healthy individuals performed a submaximal exercise ...

INTRODUCTION: High intensity interval training (HIT) increases skeletal muscle oxidative capacity similar to traditional endurance training, despite a low total exercise volume. Much of this work has focused on young active individuals and it is unclear if the results are applicable to older, less active populations. In addition, many studies ...

PURPOSE:: To determine if trunk muscle activity levels are different during spine stability exercises performed in water compared to land. METHODS:: Eleven male participants performed four abdominal trunk exercises on land and in water at the depth of the xiphoid. The exercises were abdominal hollowing, abdominal bracing, and anteroposterior and ...

Aim:  We recently reported that α-actinin adaptation occurs at the isoform level. This study was undertaken to clarify the effects of: (1) ageing-induced shift of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition and (2) endurance exercise training on α-actinin isoforms in rat plantaris muscle. Methods:  Adult (18 mo) and old (28 mo) ...

The hypothesis investigated whether exercise performance over a broad range of intensities is determined by specific skeletal muscle characteristics. Seven subjects performed 8-10 exhaustive cycle trials at different work loads ranging from 150 to 700 W (150 min - 20 s). No relationships between the performance times at high and ...

The purpose of this study was to determine whether sweat sodium concentration ([Na(+)](sweat)) during exercise in the heat differs between aerobically trained and untrained individuals. On three occasions, ten endurance-trained (Tr) and ten untrained (UTr) subjects ([Formula: see text] = 4.0 ± 0.8 vs. 3.4 ± 0.7 L min(-1), respectively; P < 0.05) cycled in a hot-ventilated environment (36 ± 1°C; ...

Tolerance to high-intensity constant-power (P) exercise is well described by a hyperbola with two parameters: a curvature constant (W') and power asymptote termed 'critical power' (CP). Since the ability to sustain exercise is closely related to the ability to meet the ATP demand in a steady state, we reasoned that ...

Previous studies have demonstrated faster pulmonary oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) kinetics in the trained state during the transition to and from moderate-intensity exercise in adults. Whilst a similar effect of training status has previously been observed during the on-transition in adolescents, whether this is also observed during recovery from ...

We aimed to evaluate whether an intervention program emphasizing in increased fluid intake can improve exercise performance in children exercising in the heat. Ninety-two young athletes participated in the study (age: 13.8 ± 0.4 years, weight: 54.9 ± 1.5 kg). Thirty-one (boys: 13, girls: 18) children served as the control group ...

COPD patients have reduced muscle glutamate which may contribute to an impaired response of oxidative metabolism to exercise. We hypothesised that prior glutamine supplementation would enhance V(o2) peak, V(o2) at lactate threshold and speed pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics in COPD. 13 patients (9 male, age 66±5years, mean±SD) with severe COPD ...

We investigated the effects of lifelong voluntary exercise on articular cartilage of mice. At the age of 4 weeks C57BL mice (n = 152) were divided into two groups, with one group serving as a sedentary control whereas the other was allowed free access to a running wheel from the ...

PURPOSE:: Both liver and muscle glycogen stores play a fundamental role in exercise and fatigue, but the effect of different carbohydrate (CHO) sources on liver glycogen synthesis in humans is unclear. The aim was to compare the effect of maltodextrin (MD) drinks containing galactose, fructose or glucose on post-exercise liver ...