Physical inactivity has become a major public health problem and clear educational differences in physical activity have been reported across Europe and USA. The origins of adulthood physical activity are suggested to be in childhood and adolescence physical activity. Hardly any studies have, however, examined if the educational differences in ...

Recording a personal life log (PLL) of daily activities is an emerging technology for u-lifecare and e-health services. In this paper, we present an accelerometer-based personal life log system capable of human activity classification and exercise information generation. In our system, we use a tri-axial accelerometer and a real-time activity ...

Physical activity is an important contributor to regulation of energy balance and body composition. In this article, we separate the impact of exercise from the confounding influence of energy imbalance and highlight sex differences in hormonal and appetite responses to physical activity. The evolving story may influence our thinking regarding ...

Question: Does behavioural graded activity result in better exercise adherence and more physical activity than usual care in people with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee? Design: Analysis of secondary outcomes of a cluster-randomised trial with concealed allocation, assessor blinding, and intention-to-treat analysis. Participants: Two hundred patients with hip and/or ...

Independent mobility (IM) and perceptions of the built environment may relate differentially to children's participation in various physical activity contexts. This cross-sectional study investigated whether independent mobility and perceptions of the built environment in boys and girls were related to physical activity in three different contexts (outdoor play, structured exercise/sport, ...

People with Parkinson disease (PD), even in the presence of symptomatic relief from medical, surgical, and rehabilitative interventions, face a persistent worsening of disability. This disability is characterized by diminished quality of life, reduced functional mobility, declining performance in activities of daily living and worsening neurological impairments. While evidence has ...

Cytokines influence tissue and cell physiology in positive and negative ways. Our aim in this chapter is to briefly present on select cytokines and their relationship to disease, metabolic risk factors, and physical activity in youth. We discuss the association of adiponectin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), resistin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and ...

Aging is associated with low-grade inflammation. The benefits of regular exercise for the elderly are well established, whereas less is known about the impact of low-intensity resistance exercise on low-grade inflammation in the elderly. Twenty-one elderly women (mean age ± SD, 85.0 ± 4.5 years) participated in 12 weeks of ...

An evaluation of exercise counseling practices among nephrologists in 2001 demonstrated few clinicians assessing patients' levels of physical activity (PA) and counseling to increase activity. Recent Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) cardiovascular guidelines recommended that nephrologists counsel patients to increase PA. Our objective was to ascertain whether nephrologists' counseling ...

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of acute and prolonged (4-weeks) ingestion of a supplement designed to improve reaction time and subjective measures of alertness, energy, fatigue, and focus compared to placebo. Nineteen physically-active subjects (17 men and 2 women) were randomly assigned to a group ...

At exercise intensities around ventilatory threshold (VT), the extent to which individuals experience pleasure or displeasure from the exercise varies between individuals. One source of this variability is proposed to be the cognitive appraisal that occurs during the exercise which influences the generation of the affective response. When individuals self-select ...

Physical activity (PA) levels are known to be significantly lower in ethnic minority and immigrant groups living in North America and Europe compared to the general population. While there has been an increase in the number of interventions targeting these groups, little is known about their preferred modes of PA. ...

Interest in the influence of exercise upon the human white cell population dates back more than a 100 years. Thus, when introducing the third meeting of the International Society of Exercise Immunology in Brussels, Dr. Bente Klarlund-Pedersen noted that Schulte had already described an exercise-induced leukocytosis as early as 1893. ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine self reported versus objectively assessed moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and different reasons for exercise, in patients with longstanding eating disorders (ED) when compared with controls. METHOD: Inpatient females (n = 59, mean 30.1 years) and nonclinical age matched controls (n = 53, mean 31.3 years) accepted participation ...

Gluteus medius (GM) dysfunction is associated with many musculoskeletal disorders. Rehabilitation exercises aimed at strengthening GM appear to improve lower limb kinematics and reduce pain. However, there is a lack of evidence to identify which exercises best activate GM. In particular, as GM consists of three distinct subdivisions, it is ...

Does behavioural graded activity result in better exercise adherence and more physical activity than usual care in people with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee? Analysis of secondary outcomes of a cluster-randomised trial with concealed allocation, assessor blinding, and intention-to-treat analysis. Two hundred patients with hip and/or knee osteoarthritis. Experimental ...

To assess barriers and facilitators of participation in a supervised exercise programme, and adherence to exercise after programme completion. Focus group discussions addressed factors which could facilitate attendance, current engagement in exercise, reasons for continuing or discontinuing regular exercise and ways to integrate exercise into daily life. Three focus groups, ...

The purposes of this study were to describe (1) the types of exercise participation of adolescents with cerebral palsy; (2) the weekly duration of stretching, strengthening, and cardiovascular exercise; (3) how the level of activity compares with national health guidelines; and (4) the change in participation over 4 years. Participants ...

BACKGROUND: Physical activity offers major health benefits and counselling for it should be integrated into the medical consultation. Based on the literature, the personal health behaviour of the physician (including physical activity) is associated with his/her approach to counselling patients. Our hypothesis is that family doctors (FD) in Estonia are ...

A growing number of human studies have reported the beneficial influences of acute as well as chronic exercise on cognitive functions. However, neuroimaging investigations into the neural substrates of the effects of acute exercise have yet to be performed. Using multichannel functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), we sought cortical activation related ...

Exercise and physical activity play an important role in physical frailty, but we do not know if they are markers, components and/or correlates of this syndrome. The purpose of this paper is briefly to discuss the potential roles played by physical activity and exercise on the development and progression of ...

The terminology used for monitoring and promoting physical activity and exercise among health and fitness professionals varies considerably. There is a large array of descriptor terms reported in the literature and used in day-to-day practice and this inconsistency can be confusing for clients and practitioners alike. The variation in terminology ...

Recall data from a representative sample of 3080 adults in Ireland in 2003 is used to investigate transitions into and out of regular participation in sports and exercise--an important contributor to overall physical activity. The method produces a continuous picture of participation across the life-course, allowing key transition periods in ...

It is important to know how physical activity is incorporated in women's lives to assess ways they can feasibly attain and maintain lifelong healthy practices. This study aimed to determine whether patterns of activity differed among young women whose physical activity met nationally recommended levels from those who did not. ...

Thrombophilia refers to the increased tendency to form blood clots (thrombosis), which is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Thrombosis is associated with various chronic conditions such as cancer, diabetes, renal disorders, and cardiovascular disease. The incidence and associated complications of thrombosis are likely to increase significantly in the ...

Many adolescents do not meet public health recommendations for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). In studies of variables influencing adolescent MVPA, one that has been understudied is the affective response to exercise. We hypothesized that adolescents with a more positive affective response to acute exercise would be more active. Adolescents (N ...

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the impact of retirement on physical activity (PA) patterns. More specifically, the process of initiating and maintaining behaviour changes in PA were explored using a self-determination theory perspective. DESIGN: Semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore the formation of lifestyle habits post-retirement, and the role of PA ...

Intense physical exercise activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis but little is known about changes in glucocorticoid sensitivity at the target cell level. No data are available on the acute effects of exercise on 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11beta-HSD) type 1 activity, which generates biologically active cortisol from inactive cortisone and is expressed also ...

PURPOSE: To report a case of an unusual retinopathy in an otherwise healthy 25-year-old marathon runner. METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: A 25-year-old female marathon runner developed sudden onset of monocular vision loss during a routine training run. The retinal features included a large, central, subhyaloid hemorrhage, multiple intraretinal hemorrhages, disc ...

The current study explored associations between previous physical activity and both implicit and explicit attitudes, as well as visual attention and activity motivation (intention). Analyses were performed on participants initially unaware of the physical activity focus of the study (N = 98). Higher levels of physical activity were associated with ...

AIMS: To examine the appropriate type and frequency of physical activity for the beneficial effect on hypertension and hyperglycemia. METHODS: The incidence of hypertension and hyperglycemia was assessed using the results of annual physical checkups over 4 years for 5843 male employees aged 18-57 years old. Associations of different types ...

OBJECTIVES: Physical activity has beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease but the mechanisms are still somewhat unclear. One possible pathway may be through the anti-inflammatory effects attributed to regular physical activity. Our primary aim was to study the effects of endurance physical exercise on C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumor Necrosis ...

To evaluate the association of physical activity with left ventricular structure and function in the general population in a community setting. Cross-sectional study. The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), a population-based study of subclinical atherosclerosis. A multiethnic sample of 4992 participants (aged 45-84 years; 52% female) free of clinically apparent ...

Regular exercise is a cornerstone of diabetes treatment; however, people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are commonly sedentary. It is possible that a harder rate of perceived exertion (RPE) during exercise for those with T2D as compared with nondiabetics may be a barrier to physical activity. This study examined RPE ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between regular physical activity and the prevalence of dysphonia. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 3142 teachers from 129 municipal public schools in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The dependent variable, dysphonia, was classified (absent or present) ...

In humans, exercise training and moderate to high levels of physical activity are protective against cardiovascular disease. In fact they are 40% more protective than predicted based on the changes in traditional risk factors (blood lipids, hypertension, diabetes etc.) that they cause. In this review, we highlight the positive effects ...

Understanding was sought of the ways that female students understand and feel about physical activity and exercise participation, to inform effective and ethical intervention. Sixteen women participated in semi-structured interviews which were analysed thematically, using QSR NUD*IST 4. Physical activity and exercise proved emotive topics and meant different things to ...

We examined the automatic activation of "sedentary" and "exerciser" stereotypes using a social prime Stroop task. Results showed significantly slower response times between the exercise words and the exercise control words and between the sedentary words and the exercise control words when preceded by an attractive exerciser prime. Words preceded ...

Physical activity is the first line approach and one of the main factors in preventing chronic diseases. Currently there is the increasing percentage of sedentary life style or lack of exercise among adolescents. The main objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of inactivity and the factors influencing ...

OBJECTIVES: This study has two main aims, firstly to define subgroups of women affected by fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) based on symptoms and secondly to determine cardiovascular parameters in treadmill exercises in order to prescribe physical activity. METHODS: Thirty-two women (age= 53.26+/-6.61 yr) were assigned to two different groups based on ...

PURPOSE: Investigate the relationship between alcohol consumption and physical activity because understanding whether there are common determinants of health behaviors is critical in designing programs to change risky activities. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis. SETTING: United States. SUBJECTS: A sample of adults representative of the U.S. population (N = 230,856) from the ...

Rotation thrombelastography (ROTEM) provides a whole blood assay that allows the assessment of plasmic- and platelet-related hemostasis in a single-step procedure. In our current study, we focused on the capability of the method to detect hemostatic alterations induced by physical exercise, enrolling 33 healthy participants of the Dusseldorf Marathon 2006. ...

AIMS: Patients with congenital heart disease usually show diminished exercise capacity and quality of life. However, there is only little information about daily activity, a marker for lifestyle, exercise capacity, and the prevention of arteriosclerosis. This study investigated exercise capacity, quality of life, daily activity, and their interaction with univentricular ...

Research has shown that frontal brain activation, assessed via electroencephalographic (EEG) asymmetry, predicts the post-exercise affective response to exercise among adults. Building on this evidence, the present study investigates the utility of resting cortical asymmetry for explaining variance in the affective response both during and after exercise at two different ...

This study was set out to test if autonomous motivation mediated the relationship between self-efficacy and 12-month physical activity (PA) in adults with type 2 diabetes involved in a randomized exercise trial. Participants (n = 234) completed questionnaires measuring barrier self-efficacy at 3 months, autonomous motivation at 6 months, and ...

AIMS: Although physical activity (PA) is universally recommended, most adults are not regular exercisers. Interactive video dance is a novel form of PA in widespread use among young adults, but interest among adults is not known. Postmenopausal women are an appropriate target for interventions to promote PA because they have ...

Exercise is well known to result in changes of brain cortical activity measured by EEG. The aim of this study was (1) to localise exercise induced changes in brain cortical activity using a distributed source localisation algorithm and (2) to show that the effects of exercise are linked to participants' ...

BACKGROUND: The importance of physical activity as a modifiable risk factor for stroke in particular and cardiovascular disease in general is well documented. The effect of exercise on stroke severity and stroke outcomes is less clear. This study aimed to assess that effect. METHODS: Data collected for patients enrolled in ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess psychometric properties of the Commitment to Physical Activity Scale (CPAS). METHODS: Girls in third to fifth grades (n = 932) completed the CPAS before and after a physical activity intervention. Psychometric measures included internal consistency, factor analysis, and concurrent validity. RESULTS: Three CPAS factors emerged: values, attitudes, ...

BACKGROUND: Efforts to increase community levels of physical activity through the development of multiuse urban trails could be strengthened by information about factors predicting trail use. This study examined whether reasons for trail use predict levels of physical activity on urban trails. METHODS: Adults (N = 335) living within a ...