PURPOSE:: To determine if trunk muscle activity levels are different during spine stability exercises performed in water compared to land. METHODS:: Eleven male participants performed four abdominal trunk exercises on land and in water at the depth of the xiphoid. The exercises were abdominal hollowing, abdominal bracing, and anteroposterior and ...

The hypothesis investigated whether exercise performance over a broad range of intensities is determined by specific skeletal muscle characteristics. Seven subjects performed 8-10 exhaustive cycle trials at different work loads ranging from 150 to 700 W (150 min - 20 s). No relationships between the performance times at high and ...

Aim:  We recently reported that α-actinin adaptation occurs at the isoform level. This study was undertaken to clarify the effects of: (1) ageing-induced shift of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition and (2) endurance exercise training on α-actinin isoforms in rat plantaris muscle. Methods:  Adult (18 mo) and old (28 mo) ...

The purpose of this study was to determine whether sweat sodium concentration ([Na(+)](sweat)) during exercise in the heat differs between aerobically trained and untrained individuals. On three occasions, ten endurance-trained (Tr) and ten untrained (UTr) subjects ([Formula: see text] = 4.0 ± 0.8 vs. 3.4 ± 0.7 L min(-1), respectively; P < 0.05) cycled in a hot-ventilated environment (36 ± 1°C; ...

Tolerance to high-intensity constant-power (P) exercise is well described by a hyperbola with two parameters: a curvature constant (W') and power asymptote termed 'critical power' (CP). Since the ability to sustain exercise is closely related to the ability to meet the ATP demand in a steady state, we reasoned that ...

We aimed to evaluate whether an intervention program emphasizing in increased fluid intake can improve exercise performance in children exercising in the heat. Ninety-two young athletes participated in the study (age: 13.8 ± 0.4 years, weight: 54.9 ± 1.5 kg). Thirty-one (boys: 13, girls: 18) children served as the control ...

Previous studies have demonstrated faster pulmonary oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) kinetics in the trained state during the transition to and from moderate-intensity exercise in adults. Whilst a similar effect of training status has previously been observed during the on-transition in adolescents, whether this is also observed during recovery from ...

We investigated the effects of lifelong voluntary exercise on articular cartilage of mice. At the age of 4 weeks C57BL mice (n = 152) were divided into two groups, with one group serving as a sedentary control whereas the other was allowed free access to a running wheel from the ...

COPD patients have reduced muscle glutamate which may contribute to an impaired response of oxidative metabolism to exercise. We hypothesised that prior glutamine supplementation would enhance V(o2) peak, V(o2) at lactate threshold and speed pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics in COPD. 13 patients (9 male, age 66±5years, mean±SD) with severe COPD ...

PURPOSE:: We examined the effect of β-alanine supplementation plus sodium bicarbonate on high-intensity cycling capacity. METHODS:: Twenty males (age 25±5y; height 1.79±0.06 m; body mass 80.0±10.3 kg) were assigned to either a placebo (P) or a β-alanine (BA, 6.4 g·d over 4 wks) group based upon powermax, completing four cycling ...

Rowers regularly undertake rowing training within 24 h of performing bouts of strength training; however, the effect of this practice has not been investigated. This study evaluated the impact of a bout of high-intensity strength training on 2,000 m rowing ergometer performance and rowing-specific maximal power. Eight highly trained male club rowers ...

PURPOSE:: Both liver and muscle glycogen stores play a fundamental role in exercise and fatigue, but the effect of different carbohydrate (CHO) sources on liver glycogen synthesis in humans is unclear. The aim was to compare the effect of maltodextrin (MD) drinks containing galactose, fructose or glucose on post-exercise liver ...

McCleave, EL, Ferguson-Stegall, L, Ding, Z, Doerner, PG III, Wang, B, Kammer, LM, and Ivy, JL. A low carbohydrate-protein supplement improves endurance performance in female athletes. J Strength Cond Res 25(x): 000-000, 2011-The purpose of this study was to investigate if a low mixed carbohydrate (CHO) plus moderate protein (PRO) ...

Aims:  Individuals with Type 1 diabetes mellitus are susceptible to hypoglycaemia during and after continuous moderate-intensity exercise, but hyperglycaemia during intermittent high-intensity exercise. The combination of both forms of exercise may have a moderating effect on glycaemia in recovery. The aims of this study were to compare the physiological responses and ...

This study investigated the effects of frequent low-load ischemic resistance exercise performed to failure on quadriceps size and performance, muscle activation, oxygen kinetics and cardiovascular responses. Ten healthy males performed knee-extension exercise for 4 weeks (4 sessions/week) at 15% maximal voluntary muscle contraction (MVC). One leg was trained with free ...

Our first aim was to investigate whether the ingestion of a single high-fat meal impairs glucose tolerance. Our second aim was to investigate whether improvements in glucose tolerance that are seen after resistance exercise remain when exercise is performed after ingestion of a high-fat meal. Eight young males consumed either ...

BACKGROUND: Paediatric patients on maintenance haemodialysis (HD) often report their own physical fitness to be hampered. Their physical endurance capacity is known to be significantly lower than that of healthy controls. However, physical endurance was up to now only examined on non-HD days. We were interested in the effect of ...

The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of training intensity on abdominal fatness reduction and improvements of metabolic risk factors in Korean women (N=45, aged 45.4±7.3 yrs). Subjects were randomly assigned to control (CON, N=15) or low-intensity exercise (LIEX, N=15) or high-intensity exercise (HIEX, N=15). The LIEX ...

Data on the upper limit of aerobic power in humans are scarce. Thus, here we demonstrate extraordinarily high V'O(2)max and submaximal exercise performance in a young elite cross country skier (22 years, 170 cm, 63 kg; hemoglobin: 16.8 g/dL) who was evaluated before winning an Olympic gold medal. The test was performed during progressive ...

Abt, G, Siegler, JC, Akubat, I, and Castagna, C. The effects of a constant sprint-to-rest ratio and recovery mode on repeated sprint performance. J Strength Cond Res 25(X): 000-000, 2011-It is unclear if a constant sprint-to-rest ratio allows full performance recovery between repeated sprints over different distances. This is important ...

Sjökvist, J, Laurent, CM, Richardson, M, Curtner-Smith, M, Holmberg, H-C, and Bishop, PA. Recovery from high-intensity training sessions in female soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 25(X): 000-000, 2011-This study quantified the performance recovery time requirements after training sessions using high-intensity soccer drills with and without the ball in National ...

17β-estradiol (E2) attenuates exercise-induced muscle damage and inflammation in some models. Eighteen men completed 150 eccentric contractions after random assignment to placebo (CON) or E2 supplementation (EXP). Muscle biopsies and blood samples were collected at baseline (BL), following 8 day supplementation (PS), + 3 (3H) and + 48 (48H) hours ...

: Resistance exercise via negative, eccentrically induced work (RENEW) has been shown to be associated with improvements in strength, mobility, and balance in multiple clinical populations. However, RENEW has not been reported for individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). : Nineteen individuals with MS (8 men, 11 women; age mean = ...

It has been demonstrated that branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) transaminase activation occurs simultaneously with exercise-induced muscle glycogen reduction, suggesting that BCAA supplementation might play an energetic role in this condition. This study aimed to test whether BCAA supplementation enhances exercise capacity and lipid oxidation in glycogen-depleted subjects. Using a double-blind ...

To test the hypothesis that antioxidants can attenuate high-intensity interval training-induced improvements in exercise performance. Two groups of recreationally active males performed a high-intensity interval running protocol, four times per week for 4 wk. Group 1 (n = 8) consumed 1 g of vitamin C daily throughout the training period, ...

A link between lactate and muscular exercise was seen already more than 200 years ago. The blood lactate concentration (BLC) is sensitive to changes in exercise intensity and duration. Multiple BLC threshold concepts define different points on the BLC power curve during various tests with increasing power (INCP). The INCP ...

PURPOSE:: To examine the impact of an integrated health education and exercise program on knee osteoarthritis knowledge, self-efficacy expectations, behaviors, and health outcomes including severity of knee symptoms, muscle strength, joint range of motion, and body mass index in middle-aged adults with knee osteoarthritis. DESIGN/METHOD:: Sixty-five participants were assigned to ...

The aim of the present study was to analyze the physiological and neuromuscular impact of a one 3-set beach-volleyball match and to analyze the ability of the players to recover from fatigue. Heart rate (HR) and blood lactate concentration (BLC) were measured in sixteen Portuguese male elite volleyball players during ...

Background: Both impaired heart rate recovery (HRR) and low fitness are associated with higher mortality risk. In addition, HRR is influenced by fitness status. The interaction between HRR, mortality, and fitness has not been clearly defined. Thus, we sought to evaluate the association between HRR and all-cause mortality and to ...

The aim of this study was to objectively quantify ratings of perceived enjoyment using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale following high-intensity interval running versus moderate-intensity continuous running. Eight recreationally active men performed two running protocols consisting of high-intensity interval running (6×3 min at 90% VO(2max) interspersed with 6×3 min active recovery at ...

The maintenance of normal body weight either through dietary modification or being habitually more physically active is associated with reduced incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the means by which weight gain is prevented and potential mechanisms activated remain largely unstudied. Here, we sought to determine the effects ...

Single leg cycling may enhance the peripheral adaptations of skeletal muscle to a greater magnitude than double leg cycling. The purpose of the current study was to determine the influence of 3 wk high-intensity single leg and double leg cycle training on markers of oxidative potential and muscle metabolism and ...

The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of low-frequency vibration recovery (LFV-rec) on blood lactate removal, muscle contractile properties, and on time to exhaustion during cycling at maximal oxygen uptake power output (pVO(2max)). Twelve active males carried out three experimental sessions. In session 1, participant's maximal oxygen ...

While production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) is associated with some of the beneficial adaptations to regular physical exercise, it is not established whether RONS play a role in the improved insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle obtained by endurance training. To assess the effect of antioxidant supplementation ...

We examined whether enhanced cardiovascular and thermoregulatory responses during exercise after short-term aerobic training in a warm environment were reversed when plasma volume (PV) expansion was reversed by acute isotonic hypohydration. Seven young men performed aerobic training at the 70% peak oxygen consumption rate (Vo(2peak)) at 30 °C atmospheric temperature ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of exercise training on serum reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and gingival oxidative stress in obese rats fed a high-fat diet. DESIGN: Rats were divided into three groups (n=14/group): one control group (fed a regular diet) and two ...

PURPOSE:: To examine the effects of a short-term period with intensified training or training cessation of trained soccer players on VO2 kinetics at 75% maximal aerobic speed (MAS), oxidative enzymes and performance in repeated high intensity exercise. METHODS:: After the last match of the season 18 elite soccer players were, ...

This investigation sought to examine the contributions of exercise and nutrient replenishment on in vivo regulation of the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) axis components. Eight college-aged males completed three high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols followed by three post-exercise nutritional protocols: (1) placebo (EX); (2) carbohydrate only (CHO); and (3) essential ...

Oral supplementation with glycine-arginine-α-ketoisocaproic acid (GAKIC) has previously been shown to improve exhaustive high-intensity exercise performance. There are no controlled studies involving GAKIC supplementation in well-trained subjects. The aim of the current study was to examine the effects of GAKIC supplementation on fatigue during high-intensity, repeated cycle sprints in trained ...

Consensus on the exercise protocol used to measure Fatmax (exercise intensity corresponding to maximum fat oxidation (MFO)) in children has not been reached. The present study compared Fatmax estimated using the 3 min incremental cycling protocol (3-INC) and a protocol consisting of several 10 min constant work rate exercise bouts ...

The objective of this study was to examine the response and recovery to a single set of maximal, low and high angular velocity isokinetic leg extension-flexion contractions with boys. Sixteen boys (11-14 yrs) performed 10 isokinetic contractions at 60°.s-1 (Isok60) and 300°.s-1 (Isok300). Three contractions at both velocities, blood lactate ...

The performance of prolonged (>90 min), continuous, endurance exercise is limited by endogenous carbohydrate (CHO) stores. Accordingly, for many decades, sports nutritionists and exercise physiologists have proposed a number of diet-training strategies that have the potential to increase fatty acid availability and rates of lipid oxidation and thereby attenuate the rate ...

Swank, AM, Kachelman, JB, Bibeau, W, Quesada, PM, Nyland, J, Malkani, A, and Topp, RV. Prehabilitation before total knee arthroplasty increases strength and function in older adults with severe osteoarthritis. J Strength Cond Res 25(2): 318-325, 2011-Preparing for the stress of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgery by exercise training (prehabilitation) ...

Exercise and nutrition are often used in combination to lose body fat and reduce weight. In this respect, exercise programs are as important as correct nutrition. Several issues are still controversial in this field, and among them there are contrasting reports on whether training in a fasting condition can enhance ...

The aim of this study was to examine changes in indirect markers of muscle damage during 3 weeks of stretch-shortening exercise with a progressively increasing load and continued modulation of various key training variables. Eight healthy untrained men performed a drop-jump programme involving a progressive increase in load impact with ...

The objective of the study was to determine the effects of exercise training intensity/volume on plasma total and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin and tissue total adiponectin concentrations. Thirty-two, eight week-old male Wistar rats (185±5 gm)were randomly assigned to one of four groups: high intensity (HI: 34m/min ∼%80-%85 VO2max), moderate ...

Chen, J-L, Yeh, D-P, Lee, J-P, Chen, C-Y, Huang, C-Y, Lee, S-D, Chen, C-C, Kuo, TBJ, Kao, C-L, and Kuo, C-H. Parasympathetic nervous activity mirrors recovery status in weightlifting performance after training. J Strength Cond Res 25(X): 000-000, 2011-Heart rate variability (HRV) and parasympathetic power are closely related to the ...

PURPOSE: To develop a modular MR-compatible lower leg exercise device for muscle testing using a clinical 3 T MR scanner. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An exercise device to provide isotonic resistance to plantar- or dorsiflexion was constructed from nonferrous materials and designed for easy setup and use in a clinical environment. Validation ...

To test the hypothesis that aerobic, but not strength, training would lead to attenuated reactivity to and more rapid recovery from cognitive and orthostatic challenge and that deconditioning would reverse this effect. We conducted a randomized controlled trial contrasting the effects of aerobic versus strength training on heart rate, four ...

The non-pharmacological treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) includes exercise therapy; however, little is known about the specific effect of exercise on the joint per se. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the direct effects of a load-bearing exercise upon cartilage in a single, human osteoarthritic joint determined by ...