The aim of this paper is to compare two portable devices (heart rate monitor and electromagnetic coils system), able to evaluate two different physiological parameters (heart rate (HR) and ventilation (VE)) with the objective of estimating energy expenditure (EE). We set out to prove that VE is a more pertinent ...

BACKGROUND: It has been reported that intracardiac electrogram T-wave alternans (IE-TWA) is greater prior to spontaneous ventricular tachyarrhythmia than for baseline recordings. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate IE-TWA just prior to ventricular tachyarrhythmia episodes and at baseline, and compare these with microvolt TWA (M-TWA) measured during ...

Exercise training is an essential component of pulmonary rehabilitation and is associated with improved function and other important outcomes in persons with chronic lung disease. A subset of pulmonary rehabilitation patients experience hypoxemia that may occur or worsen with exercise. For the purpose of this review, severe exercise-induced hypoxemia is ...

Aim To determine if colour tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) performed at rest in patients with suspected stable angina pectoris (SAP) is able to predict the presence of significant coronary artery disease (CAD). This study comprises 296 consecutive patients with clinically suspected SAP, no previous cardiac history, and a normal ejection ...

This study sought to demonstrate that arterial stiffness is probably underestimated in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) at rest and may be revealed with moderate exercise. HFpEF is associated with ventriculoarterial stiffening. We compared 23 patients with stable chronic HFpEF, left ventricular ejection fraction >45%, and ...

Prospective cohort study. To derive a preliminary clinical prediction rule for identifying a subgroup of patients with low back pain (LBP) likely to benefit from Pilates-based exercise. Pilates-based exercise has been shown to be effective for patients with LBP. However, no previous work has characterized patient attributes for those most ...

Abstract Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with impaired exercise tolerance, but it has not been established to what extent cardiac autonomic function impacts on exercise capacity. Objective: To evaluate whether there is an association between airflow limitation and cardiac autonomic function and whether cardiac autonomic function plays ...

Heliox has been administered to stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients at rest and during exercise on the assumption that this low density mixture would have reduced work of breathing, dynamic hyperinflation, and, consequently, dyspnea sensation. Contrary to these expectations, beneficial effects of heliox in these patients at rest ...

Background: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) induces nighttime disturbance of arterial gases, such as carbon dioxide. However, it is still unclear whether nighttime SDB-related gas abnormality is related to respiratory dysregulation in daytime. Therefore, we examined the relationship between the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO(2)) at nighttime and the respiratory ...

The cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) is an important physiological investigation that can aid clinicians in their evaluation of exercise intolerance and dyspnea. Maximal oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]) is the gold-standard measure of aerobic fitness and is determined by the variables that define oxygen delivery in the Fick equation ([Formula: ...

To examine functions of the exercise ECG in the light of the recent National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence guidelines recommending that it should not be used for the diagnosis or exclusion of stable angina. Qualitative ethnographic study based on interviews and observations of clinical practice. 3 rapid access ...

Background/Aim:The aim of the this study was to examine the effects of supervised exercises on measures of static and dynamic balance Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Material and Methods: The study used a before-after study design. Seventeen PD patients with mild and moderate levels of disability were enrolled in the study. ...

Physical activity recommendations require accurate estimations of exercise intensity. Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) and talk test (TT) are 2 commonly recommended techniques to gauge intensity. It is not known whether these are valid to select an exercise intensity that would elicit a training effect for persons with spinal cord ...

Severe aortic valve stenosis (AVS) can cause an exercise-induced reflex syncope (RS). The precise mechanism of this syncope is not known. The changes in hemodynamics are variable, including arrhythmias and myocardial ischemia, and one of the few consistent changes is a sudden fall in systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures (suggesting ...

The study aims to assess the cardiovascular response to treadmill exercise test in healthy Indian adolescents. A group of 50 healthy adolescents took part in the study. Cardiovascular response was assessed by using treadmill exercise test as per Bruce protocol. Pulse rate, blood pressure and ECG were recorded before, during ...

Although the clinical benefits of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) have been demonstrated, inappropriate therapies (IATs) cannot be completely avoided even with the most advanced devices. Recently, IATs are considered to decrease the ventricular function and prognosis of a patient. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictors of IAT ...

Skin rubdown using a dry towel (SRDT) to scrub the whole body is a traditional therapy for health promotion. To investigate its mechanism, 24 healthy male volunteers were studied. Body temperature, pulse rate, red blood cells (RBCs), serum levels of catecholamines and cortisol, blood gases (PO(2), sO(2), PCO(2) and pH), ...

Regular physical activity positively influences whole body energy metabolism and substrate handling in exercising muscle. While it is recognized that the effects of exercise extend beyond exercising muscle, it is unclear to what extent exercise impacts non-exercising muscles. Here we investigated the effects of an acute endurance exercise bouts on ...

In patients with fibrotic idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (f-IIP), the diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) has been used to predict abnormal gas exchange in the lung. However, abnormal values for arterial blood gases during exercise are likely to be the most sensitive manifestations of lung disease. The aim of this ...

Research on inattentional blindness shows that individuals fail to notice unexpected objects or events when attention is focused elsewhere. The majority of previous studies on inattentional blindness have been performed at rest, even though there are several real-life situations that require both physical exercise and focus of attention to accomplish ...

Background. Peak oxygen uptake (VO(2peak)) and muscle function are more decreased in patients with a combination of chronic heart failure (CHF) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (2DM) compared to patients with only one of the conditions. Further, patients with 2DM have peripheral complications that hamper many types of conventional exercises. ...

Studies show that yogic type of breathing exercises reduces the spontaneous respiratory rate. However, there are no conclusive studies on the effects of breathing exercise on heart rate variability. We investigated the effects of non-yogic breathing exercise on respiratory rate and heart rate variability. Healthy subjects (21-33 years, both genders) ...

Transient increases (overshoot) in respiratory gas variables have been observed during exercise recovery, but their clinical significance is not clearly understood. Our group evaluated the relationship between the presence of overshoot of respiratory gas variables and the parameters obtained from cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX). Methods and Results: In total, 227 ...

McArdle disease is caused by lack of glycogen phosphorylase (GP) activity in skeletal muscle. Patients experience exercise intolerance, presenting as early fatigue and contractures. In this study, we investigated the effects produced by a lack of GP on several genes and proteins of skeletal muscle in McArdle patients. Muscle tissue ...

Sublingual nitroglycerin increases exercise duration in patients with stable angina. Brief results from this study were published previously in German. Here, we more fully describe the study methodology, patient characteristics, and detailed results. This double-blind, crossover study enrolled 51 patients with stable angina. Patients were randomized to 1 of 5 ...

Impaired cardiovascular autonomic nervous system (ANS) function has been reported in type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients. ANS function, evaluated by heart rate variability (HRV), systolic blood pressure variability (SBPV), and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), has been linked to aerobic capacity (VO(2peak)) in healthy subjects, but this relationship is unknown in T1D. ...

The arterial baroreflexes, located in the carotid sinus and along the arch of the aorta, are essential for the rapid short term autonomic regulation of blood pressure. In the past, they were believed to be inactivated during exercise because blood pressure, heart rate, and sympathetic activity were radically changed from ...

Facial cooling (FC) increases cerebral blood flow (CBF) at rest and during exercise; however, the mechanism of this response remains unclear. The purpose of the present study was to test our hypothesis that FC causes facial vasoconstriction that diverts skin blood flow (SkBF(face)) toward the middle cerebral artery (MCA V(mean)) ...

Exercise evokes sympathetic activation and increases blood pressure and heart rate (HR). Two neural mechanisms that cause the exercise-induced increase in sympathetic discharge are central command and the exercise pressor reflex (EPR). The former suggests that a volitional signal emanating from central motor areas leads to increased sympathetic activation during ...

During exercise by healthy mammals, alveolar ventilation and alveolar-capillary diffusion increase in proportion to the increase in metabolic rate to prevent PaCO2 from increasing and PaO2 from decreasing. There is no known mechanism capable of directly sensing the rate of gas exchange in the muscles or the lungs; thus, for ...

Blood flow (BF) increases with increasing exercise intensity in skeletal, respiratory, and cardiac muscle. In humans during maximal exercise intensities, 85% to 90% of total cardiac output is distributed to skeletal and cardiac muscle. During exercise BF increases modestly and heterogeneously to brain and decreases in gastrointestinal, reproductive, and renal ...

One of the most important aspects of the metabolic demand is the relative contribution of the energy systems to the total energy required for a given physical activity. Although some sports are relatively easy to be reproduced in a laboratory (e.g., running and cycling), a number of sports are much ...

There are conflicting reports regarding the effect of exercise on cognition. We therefore planned to assess the acute effect of moderate exercise on cognition, studied by event-related brain potential P300, in subjects having sedentary lifestyles. Sixty adults (40 males and 20 females) in the age-group of 18-30 years having sedentary ...

The ageing kidney exhibits slowly developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with nitric oxide (NO) deficiency and increased oxidative stress. The impact of exercise on the ageing kidney is not well understood. Here, we determined whether 12 weeks of treadmill exercise can influence age-dependent CKD in old (22-24 ...

Overweight and obesity are major risk factors for chronic diseases. There exists an autonomic imbalance in these persons. The blood pressure response to exercise is an useful method to evaluate cardiac status. Hence this project was undertaken to study the blood pressure responses to steady treadmill exercise in overweight and ...

To observe the relationship between chest pain/dyspnoea-heart rate during exertion in patients with angiographically proved Coronary artery disease compared to patients having negative Exercise Tolerance Test in a private and public sector hospital. This is an observational two centre study from Karachi in which 150 patients referred for Exercise ToleranceTest ...

We hypothesized 1) that long-term ventricular outcome and exercise capacity would be better in patients with isolated pulmonary valve stenosis (PS) treated with balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (BPV) than in patients operated for tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), and 2) that ventricular outcome and exercise capacity would not be different in PS ...

The effects of acrobatic exercise and magnetic stimulation (MS) in mice applied either separately or in combination while on recovery after spinal cord injury have been investigated. This progress has been compared in six groups of animals. The first two groups consisted of non-injured and injured animals, respectively, which were ...

Kidney disorders can cause essential hypertension, which can subsequently cause renal disease. High blood pressure is also common among those with chronic kidney disease; moreover, it is a well-known risk factor for a more rapid progression to kidney failure. Because hypertension and kidney function are closely linked, the present study ...

The purpose of the current study was to examine changes in dopamine D2 receptor (DA-D2R) expression within the basal ganglia of MPTP mice subjected to intensive treadmill exercise. Using Western immunoblotting analysis of synaptoneurosomes and in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging employing the DA-D2R specific ligand [¹⁸F]fallypride, we found ...

Currently, it is unclear how chronic exercise affects immunity. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) mediates the production of proinflammatory cytokines, whereas MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) plays an essential role in intracellular homeostasis by negatively regulating macrophage MAPK activation. We hypothesized that chronic exercise might upregulate macrophage MKP-1 and thus prevent excessive inflammatory ...

Exercise training benefits have been widely investigated and used as alternative treatment for different pathological conditions. Since preeclampsia is a severe pregnancy-associated disease for which no treatment is available, our aim was to investigate the protective role of exercise training on pregnancy outcome using a mouse model of the disease. ...

This study: 1) examined the accuracy of the Polar F6 for estimating energy expenditure (EE) in a sample of college-age women during aerobic dance bench stepping (ADBS) using predicted maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and maximal heart rate (HRmax), and 2) determined whether the use of actual measures of VO2max and ...

In this exploratory study, we test the hypothesis that voluntary exercise affects the progression of dystrophic changes in the left ventricle of the heart. Wild-type (C57BL/10ScSn) and dystrophin-deficient (mdx) mice, aged 7 weeks, were divided into sedentary and exercise-treated groups and tested for differences in cardiac histomorphometry. Exercised mdx mice ...

The aim of the study was to assess the influence of a supervised programme of exercises on ankle joint mobility in patients with venous leg ulcerations. The study was carried out between 2008 and 2009 at the Venous Ulcer Treatment Outpatient Clinic and Clinic of General and Vascular Surgery of ...

Follistatin is a member of the TGF-β super family and inhibits the action of myostatin to regulate skeletal muscle growth. The regulation of follistatin during physical exercise is unclear but may be important because physical activity is a major intervention to prevent age-related sarcopenia. First, healthy subjects performed either bicycle ...

Epidemiological studies indicate that among other early life challenges, maternal infection with influenza during pregnancy increased the risk of developing schizophrenia in the child. One morphological manifestation of schizophrenia is hippocampal atrophy. In the hippocampus, playing a key role in learning and memory formation, new granule cell neurons are produced ...

The present study was undertaken to further investigate the protective effect of treadmill exercise on the hippocampal proteins associated with neuronal cell death in an aged transgenic (Tg) mice with Alzheimer's disease (AD). To address this, Tg mouse model of AD, Tg-NSE/PS2m, which expresses human mutant PS2 in the brain, ...

We tested the hypothesis that carotid artery stiffening with ageing is associated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-related increases in adventitial collagen and reductions in medial elastin, which would be reversed by voluntary aerobic exercise. Ex vivo carotid artery incremental stiffness was greater in old (29–32 months, n = 11) vs. ...

OBJECTIVE Transcriptional peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) plays a key role in mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism and is suggested to be involved in the exercise-induced increase in mitochondrial content. PGC-1α activity is regulated by posttranslational modifications, among them acetylation or phosphorylation. Accordingly, the deacetylase SIRT1 and the kinase AMPK ...