In the last decade, research has begun to investigate the efficacy of carbohydrate supplementation for improving aspects of physical capacity and skill performance during sport-specific exercise in adolescent team games players. This research remains in its infancy, and further study would be beneficial considering the large youth population actively involved ...

OBJECTIVE:: To determine whether oxidative/nitrosative stress plays a role in the acute effects of diesel exhaust (DE) on subjects with asthma. METHODS:: In this crossover study, 16 subjects with mild to moderate asthma were exposed to clean filtered air or diluted DE (300 μg/m as PM2.5) for 1 hour with ...

Previous research findings indicate that environmental temperature can influence exercise-induced oxidative stress responses, though the response to variable temperatures is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of warm, cold, and "neutral" or room environmental temperatures on the blood oxidative stress associated with exercise and recovery. ...

Oxidative stress occurs as a result of altitude induced hypobaric hypoxia and physical exercise. The effect of exercise on oxidative stress under hypobaric hypoxia is not well understood. Purpose: To determine the effect of high altitude exercise on blood oxidative stress. Nine male participants completed a 2-day trek up and ...

The complexity of human DNA has been affected by aerobic metabolism, including endurance exercise and oxygen toxicity. Aerobic endurance exercise could play an important role in the evolution of home sapiens, oxygen was not important just for survival, but it was crucial to redox mediated adaptation. The metabolic challenge during ...

BACKGROUND: Acute exercise increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, including hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). H(2)O(2) promotes endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation and phosphorylation in endothelial cells. With this in mind, the present study was designed to evaluate ex vivo eNOS phosphorylation in rat aortas incubated with H(2)O(2) and to test ...

It is well known that high-fat diets (HFDs) induce obesity and result in an increase in oxidative stress in adipose tissue, which leads to an impairment of fat mobilization by a downregulation of the lipases, such as hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). On the other hand, exercise ...

Exercise can exert beneficial effects on cognitive functions of older subjects and it can also play an important role in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. At the same time it is perceivable that limited information is available on the nature of molecular pathways supporting the antioxidant effects of exercise in ...

This study sought to characterize the role of free radicals in regulating central and peripheral hemodynamics at rest and during exercise in patients with heart failure (HF). We examined cardiovascular responses to dynamic handgrip exercise (4, 8, and 12 kg at 1 Hz) following consumption of either a placebo or ...

The present study investigated the effects of a 6-week swimming training on blood pressure, nitric oxide (NO) levels and oxidative stress parameters such as protein and lipid oxidation, antioxidant enzyme activity and endogenous non-enzymatic antioxidant content in kidney and circulating fluids, as well as on serum biochemical parameters (cholesterol, triglycerides, ...

This study was aimed to evaluate the preventive effect of diosgenin and exercise on tissue antioxidant status in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction (MI) in male Wistar rats. Levels of lipid peroxides, reduced glutathione (GSH), and the activities of glutathione-dependent antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidise and glutathione reductase) and antiperoxidative enzymes (catalase and ...

Compounds found in the skins of grapes, including catechins, quercetin and resveratrol have been added to the diet of rodents and improved run time to exhaustion, fitness and skeletal muscle mitochondrial function. It is unknown if such effects occur in humans. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate whether ...

Intense exercise increases oxygen consumption and may produce an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants, inducing oxidative stress as a result of increased ROS production. Exogenous antioxidants may prevent oxidative damages since they are able to detoxify certain peroxides by scavenging the ROS produced during exercise. The aim ...

Ceruloplasmin is a protective ferroxidase. Although some studies suggest that plasma ceruloplasmin levels are raised by exercise, the impact of exercise on brain ceruloplasmin is unknown. We have examined whether striatal ceruloplasmin is raised with treadmill exercise and/or is correlated with spontaneous physical activity in rhesus monkeys. Parkinson's disease is ...

Aging is accompanied by a significant loss of strength which further contributes to loss of functional ability and a propensity for injury. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of power assisted exercises on muscle endurance and functional capacity of elderly participants following 12 weeks of supervised ...

It is widely accepted that oxidative stress is associated with the physiopathology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In fact, it has been pointed out as a therapeutic target in T2DM. Fortunately, several papers have reported that long-term training programs improved the antioxidant system in young and adult diabetic rats. Accordingly, ...

Aim:  To investigate the effects of exercise and/or tea catechin supplementation on muscle mass, strength and walking ability in elderly Japanese women with sarcopenia. Methods:  A total of 128 women aged over 75 years were defined as sarcopenic and randomly assigned into four groups: exercise and tea catechin supplementation (n = 32), exercise ...

Effects of gender differences and endurance training on exhaustive exercise induced-oxidative stress have been a question that has not been clarified in the literature. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of sex, acute exhaustive exercise and chronic aerobic exercise training on oxidative stress in the heart ...

Aging and neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases are characterized by tissue and mitochondrial changes that compromise brain function. Alterations can include increased reactive oxygen species production and impaired antioxidant capacity with a consequent increase in oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction that compromises brain ATP production, and ultimately increased ...

The protein deacetylase, sirtuin 1, is suggested as a master regulator of exercise-induced beneficial effects. Sirtuin 1 modulates mitochondrial biogenesis, primarily via its ability to deacetylate and activate proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), interacting with AMPK kinase. Redox cell status can also influence this regulatory axis and together they form an ...

PURPOSE: To assess the cardiovascular health and risk profile in middle-aged males making an entry to participate for their first time in a long-distance race. METHODS: Male first-time participants ≥45 years in the world's largest cross-country running race, the Lidingöloppet, were evaluated with a medical history and physical exam, European ...

Depression is common in patients with cardiac disease, especially in patients with heart failure, and is associated with increased risk of adverse health outcomes. Some evidence suggests that aerobic exercise may reduce depressive symptoms, but to our knowledge the effects of exercise on depression in patients with heart failure have ...

It is unclear whether pulmonary oxygen uptake (VO(2)) kinetics demonstrate linear, first order behaviour during supra gas exchange threshold exercise. Resolution of this issue is pertinent to the elucidation of the factors regulating VO(2) kinetics, with oxygen availability and utilisation proposed as putative mediators. To re-examine this issue with the ...

The purpose of this study was to determine the acute and residual impact of a single exercise bout on meal glucose control in adolescents with habitually low physical activity. Twelve adolescents (seven females/five males, 14 ± 2 yr) completed three trials. One trial [No Exercise (No Ex)] was completed after ...

BACKGROUND: The contribution of left ventricular (LV) twist and recoil in augmenting stroke volume during exercise is poorly understood, and few data are available describing the impact of endurance exercise on LV twist and recoil in middle-aged individuals. Therefore, the effects of chronic endurance training on these LV indices at ...

This study assessed the effect of resistance training (RT) in 60 healthy postpartum women. Participants were randomized to 18 weeks of RT or an active comparison group (flexibility training). RT and flexibility training (FT) exercises were completed twice-weekly based on the American College of Sports Medicine recommendations. Study outcomes included ...

Breathing exercises (BE), incentive spirometry and positioning are considered treatment modalities to achieve lung re-expansion. This study evaluated the influence of incentive spirometry and forward leaning on inspired tidal volumes (V(T)) and electromyographic activity of inspiratory muscles during BE. Four modalities of exercises were investigated: deep breathing, spirometry using both ...

Adolescents with well-controlled cystic fibrosis, including good lung function and appropriate growth, commonly participate in competitive athletic activities. We present the case of an adolescent male with cystic fibrosis, hyponatremia, dehydration, and rhabdomyolysis after participating in football practice on a summer morning. The patient presented with severe myalgia and serum ...

The aims of our study were to assess the redox state of adolescent athletes and non-athletes both at rest and after acute exposure to physical load and to find relations between parameters of redox state and morphofunctional characteristics of subjects. 58 young handball players and 37 non-athletes were subjected to ...

We investigated the pattern of activity and heart rate (HR) during daily living on the International Space Station (ISS) compared to on Earth in 7 long-duration astronauts to test the hypotheses that the HR responses on the ISS would be similar to preflight values, although the pattern of activity would ...

The nature and kinetics of post-exercise cardiac troponin (cTn) appearance is poorly described and understood in most athlete populations. We compared the kinetics of high-sensitivity cTnT (hs-cTnT) after endurance running in training-matched adolescents and adults. Thirteen male adolescent (mean age: 14.1±1.1 yr) and 13 male adult (24.0±3.6 yr) runners performed ...

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the different intensity levels of single-session aerobic exercise on serum levels of lipid peroxidation and muscle damage markers in sedentary males. Fifty one sedentary healthy males aged 21.76±1.89 years were randomly divided into four groups, with one control (n=10) and three ...

Exercise induces a multitude of physiological and biochemical changes in blood that can affect its redox status. Exercise causes an increase in oxygen consumption by the whole body and particularly by the exercising muscle. As a result of this process there is a rise in the production of reactive oxygen ...

Past studies have shown the patterning of affective responses during a graded exercise test (GXT) in adult and male adolescent populations, but none have explored the patterns in adolescent girls or younger children. This study explored the patterning of affective responses during a GXT in adolescents and younger children. Forty-nine ...

PURPOSE: To examine the independent associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body fatness with resting blood pressure (BP) in children (9-11 y) and adolescents (12-15 y) in Benue State of Nigeria. METHODS: 3243 children (n=1017) and adolescents (n=2226) were measured for aerobic fitness, body fatness, resting pre exercise BP and ...

Exercise is known to improve physical functioning and health status in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Recently, disturbances in protein turnover and amino acid kinetics have been observed after exercise in COPD. The objective was to investigate which dairy protein is able to positively influence the protein metabolic response to ...

Intensive exercise may be an important part of rehabilitation in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). However, performing regular physical exercise is challenging for many adolescent patients. Consequently, effective exercise encouragements may be needed. Little is known on the effect of e-Health encouragements on physical fitness, physical activity, and health-related ...

Purpose: Patients with exercise capacity of <5 metabolic equivalents (METs) are considered to have a high risk of death. The aim of this study was to determine age-related differences in physical activity associated with an exercise capacity of ≥5 METs in chronic heart failure (CHF) outpatients. Methods: We enrolled 157 ...

AIM: To determine whether the larger exercise stroke volume in senior endurance trained athletes results from an attenuation of age-related alterations in left ventricular (LV) early diastolic filling or a more vigorous late filling. METHODS: Body composition (DEXA), VO(2) peak, stroke volume (CO(2) rebreathing) and Doppler measures of early and ...

Objective. Compulsive exercise is suggested to be a strategy to regulate emotions. This suggestion has never been studied in adolescents. Therefore, this study examined the cross-sectional association between emotion regulation and compulsive exercise attitudes in adolescents. Design. A cross-sectional design was employed for this study. Method. A sample of 1,630 ...

OBJECTIVE: Rapid ascent to altitude can result in the development of high altitude illnesses such as acute mountain sickness (AMS). This study aimed to investigate AMS symptoms in adolescents and study basic cardiopulmonary measurements at altitude. METHODS: Thirty-eight adolescents aged 16 to 19 years flew to 3500 m from 215 ...

To evaluate acute fetal responses to individually prescribed exercise according to existing guidelines (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services) in active and inactive pregnant women. Forty-five healthy pregnant women (15 nonexercisers, 15 regularly active, 15 highly active) were tested between 28 0/7 and 32 6/7 weeks of gestation. After ...

Studies on nutritional strategies to prevent exercise-induced hypoglycemia in adolescents with type 1 diabetes are scarce. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of two food strategies on blood glucose (BG) during and following 60 minutes of moderate intensity exercise. METHODS: Subjects performed exercise 120 min post-breakfast in three conditions: 1) standardized ...

Background. The purpose of this study was to assess the post-exercise O(2) uptake and heart rate response in patients with heart failure (HF) in comparison to healthy individuals. Methods and Results. Exercise testing of all subjects was conducted according to the RITE-protocol. The study subjects were classified according to their ...

Background and Objective: Cardiotoxicity and oxidative stress is a life-threatening side effect of doxorubicin (DOX). We investigate the effects of short-term exercise as therapeutic tool for improvement of cardioprotection against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in the rat. Methods: Wistar males (weighing 257±28 g) were divided into six groups: (1) control+placebo (2) control+DOX ...

Despite the active research in this field, molecular mechanisms underlying exercise-induced beneficial effects on brain physiology and functions are still matter of debate, especially with regard to biological processes activated by regular exercise affecting the onset and progression of hippocampal aging in individuals unfamiliar with habitual physical activity. Since such ...

The Maori and Pacific Islands peoples of New Zealand suffer a greater burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and associated comorbidities than their European counterparts. Empirical evidence supports the clinical application of aerobic and resistance training for effective diabetes management and potential remission, but few studies have investigated the ...

Objectives. Adolescence is associated with increased depressive symptoms and decreased aerobic exercise, yet the relationship between exercise and clinical depression among adolescents requires further examination. This study assessed the feasibility of a 12-week intervention designed to increase exercise for adolescents with depressive disorders: Will a teenager with depression exercise? Methods. ...

Flaxseed has recently gained attention in the area of cardiovascular disease primarily because of its rich contents of α-linolenic acid (ALA), lignans, and fiber. Although the benefits of exercise on any single risk factor are unquestionable, the effect of exercise on overall cardiovascular risk, when combined with other lifestyle modifications ...

Athletes who undergo strenuous exercise, especially in endurance sports, frequently use herbal supplements in order to have a better performance. In this review we try to find out if the most common herbal supplements (Echinacea, Rhodiola, Ginseng) are effective in the empowerment of perfomance or in the modulation of the ...