AIMS: We have previously shown that exercise leads to sustainable cardioprotection through a mechanism involving improved glutathione replenishment. This study was conducted to determine if redox-dependent modifications in glutathione reductase (GR) were involved in exercise cardioprotection. Furthermore, we sought to determine if reactive oxygen species generated by NADPH oxidase and/or ...

AIMS: In this study, we investigated the interaction between exercise-induced mitochondrial adaptation of large vessels and the effects of chronic anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs). METHODS AND RESULTS: Four groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were studied: (i) sedentary, (ii) sedentary + nandrolone-treated, (iii) aerobic exercise trained, and (iv) trained + nandrolone-treated. Aerobic ...

Substantial data have established that higher levels of physical activity (PA), participating in exercise training (ET), and higher overall cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) provide considerable protection in the primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD). This review surveys data from epidemiological and prospective ET studies supporting the favorable impact ...

Aim of the present work was the evaluation of the effects of moderate exercise training on 2 skeletal muscles differing in fibre-type composition, Tibialis Anterior (TA) and Soleus (SOL). Fibre adaptations, including their metabolic shift and mechanisms underlying proliferation and differentiation, oxidative stress markers, antioxidant and cytoprotective molecules, activity of ...

Abstract Aging is characterized by an impaired capacity to maintain the redox balance both in physiological and pathological situations associated with an increased production of reactive oxygen species. Since the extent of this phenomenon may be influenced by an antioxidants rich diet, we investigated the effect of supplementation with fresh ...

PURPOSE: Oxidative stress may contribute to exercise intolerance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study sought to determine the effect of an acute oral antioxidant cocktail (AOC: vitamins C, E, and alpha-lipoic acid) on skeletal muscle function during dynamic quadriceps exercise in COPD. METHODS: Ten patients with ...

Aim The effects of physical exercise on oxidative stress parameters and NF-кβ/p65 in lung of rats submitted to lung injury, as well as its possible protective effect on the changes in the alveolar-capillary barrier (total cell count, lactate dehydrogenase and total protein) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and the ...

Exercise training ameliorates age-related impairments in endothelium-dependent vasodilation in skeletal muscle arterioles. Additionally, exercise training is associated with increased superoxide production. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of superoxide and superoxide-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling in mediating endothelium-dependent vasodilation of soleus muscle resistance arterioles from ...

Antioxidant supplements are widely consumed by the general public; however, their effects of on exercise performance are controversial. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of an antioxidant cocktail (α-lipoic acid, vitamin E and coenzyme Q10) on exercise performance, muscle function and training adaptations in mice. C57Bl/J6 ...

Two prevalent origins of oxidative stress in Western society are the ingestion of high-fat meals and the performance of strenuous exercise. The purpose of this investigation was to compare the magnitude of increase in blood oxidative stress following acute feeding and acute exercise. Twelve exercise-trained men consumed a high-fat meal ...

Although acute exhaustive exercise is known to increase liver reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and aerobic training has shown to improve the antioxidant status in the liver, little is known about mitochondria adaptations to aerobic training. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the aerobic ...

Oxidative stress promotes endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis in chronic renal disease. This study investigated the impact of Hatha yoga on oxidative stress indicators and oxidant status, in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis. This prospective randomized study consisted of 33 ESRD patients in the Hatha yoga exercise group ...

Green tea is made from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis L plant, which is rich in polyphenol catechins and caffeine. There is increasing interest in the potential role of green tea extract (GTE) in fat metabolism and its influence on health and exercise performance. A number of studies have ...

Exercise training is known to increase fat utilization during exercise. Diets containing antioxidants and branch chain amino acids (BCAAs) are also reported to have potential effects on fat utilization. Cashew apple juice (CAJ) comprises many nutritional components including vitamin C and BCAAs. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ...

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies suggest that excessive sitting time is associated with increased health risk, independent of the performance of exercise. We hypothesized that a daily bout of exercise cannot compensate the negative effects of inactivity during the rest of the day on insulin sensitivity and plasma lipids. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Eighteen ...

A novel automatic escalator was designed, constructed and used in the present investigation. The aim of the present investigation was to compare the effect of two repeated sessions of stair descending versus stair ascending exercise on muscle performance and health-related parameters in young healthy men. Twenty males participated and were ...

INTRODUCTION: Astaxanthin is a lipid-soluble carotenoid found in a variety of aquatic organisms. Prolonged astaxanthin supplementation has been reported to increase fat oxidative capacity and improve running time to exhaustion in mice. These data suggest that astaxanthin may be applied as a potent ergogenic aid in humans. PURPOSE: To assess ...

Abstract Background: This study aimed to determine whether oxidative stress was related to cardiovascular risk indices in children, and whether an exercise intervention would reduce oxidative stress. Methods: A randomized trial of two different doses of exercise and a no-exercise control group included 112 overweight and obese children, 7-11 years ...

BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with osteoarthritis and it is accompanied by chronic inflammation and elevated oxidative stress. Strengthening-type exercise is used in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) rehabilitation. This study determined how acute isokinetic exercise influences inflammatory responses of obese middle-aged women with KOA. METHODS: Ten obese women with KOA and 10 ...

It is well known that exercise training attenuates aortic remodeling and improves endothelial function in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) and nitric oxide (NO), as two established physiologic messenger molecules, have important roles in the development of aortic remodeling and endothelial ...

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 1 day and 7 days ingestion of a green tea extract (GTE) on whole body fat oxidation during moderate-intensity exercise. METHODS: Thirty one males completed two exercise trials (60 min cycle 50% Wmax). Following the baseline trial (Day ...

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of progressive resistance training exercise (PRT) on plasma oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activity in erythrocytes. Twenty male volunteers were randomly assigned to two groups; progressive resistance training and control. Blood samples were collected before and after eight weeks of PRT, and ...

PURPOSE:: The objective of this study was to examine the improvements in physiological outcomes, including exercise capacity, in women completing a 12-week gender-specific (tailored) compared with a traditional cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program. METHODS:: A 2-group randomized clinical trial compared symptom limited graded exercise test (SL-GXT), lipid, and anthropometric parameters among ...

AIMS: Intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) variations in older men are poorly explored. In young adults, IMCL can be influenced both by diet and exercise interventions; this flexibility is related to aerobic fitness. We evaluated in active older adults, the influence of maximal aerobic capacity on short-term diet and exercise-induced variations in ...

This study aimed to assess the potential protective effect of organic purple grape juice (PGJ) on oxidative stress produced by an exhaustive exercise bout in rats. To test this hypothesis, rats were acutely treated with organic PGJ (Vitis labrusca) and subsequently submitted to an exhaustive exercise bout. Parameters of oxidative ...

The low oxygen levels at high altitude are a potent and unavoidable physiological stressor to which highland mammals must adapt. One hypothesized adaptation to high altitude is an increased reliance on carbohydrates to support aerobic activities. Based on stoichiometries of combustion, ATP yield per mole of oxygen from carbohydrates is ...

The aim was to assess mRNA and/or protein levels of heat shock proteins, cytokines, growth regulating, and metabolic proteins in myalgic muscle at rest and in response to work tasks and prolonged exercise training. A randomized controlled trial included 28 females with trapezius myalgia and 16 healthy controls. Those with ...

OBJECTIVES: In humans, the manganese-superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene contains a polymorphism (Ala16Val) that has been related to several metabolic dysfunctions and chronic diseases. However, the obtained results suggest that risks related to this polymorphism are directly influenced by environmental factors. Because few studies have analyzed this possible influence, we performed ...

Background and aim: Many exercise studies, although generally showing the beneficial effects of supervised aerobic, resistance or combined exercise on blood lipids, have sometimes reached equivocal conclusions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of different programs that combined exercise and dietary restriction on blood lipids versus ...

To investigate the effect of progressive resistance training (PRT) on body composition, physical fitness, quality of life, lipid and nutritional profile of patients on hemodialysis (HD). A non equivalent comparison group pretest and posttest design study was used with 40 participants who were randomly assigned to the exercise group (20 ...

Obesity rates in Australia are among the highest in the world, with one in 4 adults being obese. Obesity increases the risk of coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and stroke, three of the top five causes of burden of disease and injury in Australia.2 Dietary modification is ...

To evaluate the effect of acute ingestion of green tea polyphenols (GTP) on blood markers of oxidative stress and muscle damage in soccer players exposed to intense exercise. This randomized, double-blinded study was conducted on 16 players during a general preparation period, when all athletes participated in a strength-training program ...

The 6-min walk test, commonly used to assess exercise capacity and response to therapy in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), has many well-described limitations. Sedentary time is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes and reduced quality of life, and measuring sedentary time and physical activity using accelerometry is another potential way to ...

In mitochondrial myopathies with respiratory chain deficiency impairment of energy cell production may lead to in excess reactive oxygen species generation with consequent oxidative stress and cell damage. Aerobic training has been showed to increase muscle performance in patients with mitochondrial myopathies. Aim of this study has been to evaluate, ...

To investigate the effects of polysaccharide from Gynostemma pentaphyllum on antioxidant activity in skeletal muscle of mice exercised to exhaustion. Three polysaccharide fractions were obtained from G. pentaphyllum polysaccharide (GPP) and termed GPP1-a, GPP2-b, and GPP3-a. Gas chromatography (GC) and infrared spectrum of the polysaccharides were determined. The fractions were ...

Increased VO2max, mitochondrial capacity and energy coupling efficiency are reported after endurance training (ET) in adult subjects. Here we test whether leg exercise performance (power output of the legs, Pmax, at VO2max) reflects these improvements with ET in the elderly. Fifteen male and female subjects were endurance trained for a ...

The purpose of this trial was to determine whether exercise without weight loss would reduce F2-isoprostanes in previously sedentary young women. Participants (N=319) were randomized to four months of 150min/wk aerobic exercise or a control group. Plasma free F2-isoprostanes were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Other assessments included fitness and ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: This study examined the effects of bovine colostrum on exercise --induced modulation of antioxidant parameters in the skeletal muscles in mice. Adult male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups (control, colostrum alone, exercise and exercise with colostrum) and each group had three subgroups (day 0, 21 ...

Intramuscular accumulation of triacylglycerol, in the form of lipid droplets (LD), has gained widespread attention as a hallmark of metabolic disease and insulin resistance. Paradoxically, LDs also amass in muscles of highly trained endurance athletes that are exquisitely insulin sensitive. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that mediate the expansion and appropriate ...

Physical activity decreases risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality; however, the specific impact of exercise on the diabetic vasculature is unexamined. We hypothesized that an acute, moderate exercise intervention in diabetic and hypertensive rats would induce mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial antioxidant defence to improve vascular resilience. SHHF/Mcc-fa(cp) ...

Endurance exercise initiates a pattern of gene expression that promotes fat oxidation, which in turn improves endurance, body composition, and insulin sensitivity. The signals from exercise that initiate these pathways have not been completely characterized. IL-15 is a cytokine that is up-regulated in skeletal muscle after exercise and correlates with ...

Cigarette smoking increases oxidative stress, which is a risk factor for several diseases. Smoking has also been reported to enhance plasma oxidative stress during strenuous exercise. However, no prior study has examined the changes in plasma oxidative stress after single-sprint anaerobic exercise in cigarette smokers. The purpose of this study ...

PURPOSE: Moderate aerobic exercise reduces oxidative stress, intense physical activity may produce the opposite result. At present, the effects of different exercise loads on oxidative stress markers and the response of human cells to different exercise volumes have not been fully elucidated. METHODS: Human (Eahy-926) endothelial cells (ECs), exposed or ...

Excess reactive oxygen species are implicated in the impaired peripheral vascular function evident during exercise in older individuals. We tested the hypothesis that an acute infusion of the antioxidant ascorbic acid (AA) in old rats would improve antioxidant capacity and reduce oxidative stress and, therefore, elevate hindlimb muscle blood flow ...

BACGROUND/AIM: Regular physical activity is widely accepted as factor that reduces all-cause mortality and improves a number of health outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise training on cardiovascular parameters, lipid profile and endothelial function in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of low-volume exercise training (100 min/week) on oxidative stress and neutrophils activation markers in older adults. Twenty-eight older adults (age range 65-78 years) were assigned into control (n = 14) or exercise (n = 14) groups. The exercise program consisted of walking 30-60 min/session, 2 days each week ...

OBJECTIVE: Exaggerated exercise blood pressure (BP) predicts mortality. Some studies suggest this could be explained by chronic hyperlipidemia, but whether acute-hyperlipidemia effects exercise BP has never been tested, and was the aim of this study. METHODS: Intravenous infusion of saline (control) and Intralipid were administered over 60 min in 15 healthy ...

OBJECTIVE: Adipokines, visfatin, apelin, vaspin and ghrelin have emerged as novel cardiovascular risk factors. We aimed to evaluate the effects of different exercise modalities on the aforementioned novel adipokines and carotid intima-media thickness in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: One hundred patients with Type 2 diabetes were equivalently (n = 25) randomized ...

This study evaluates the effect of treadmill exercise and Ferula gummosa (FG) on heat shock protein (HSP72), biomarkers related to vascular function, and oxidant/antioxidant system in the heart tissue of spontaneously hypertensive rats treated with N(ω)-nitro-l-arginine-methyl ester (l-NAME). Fifty adult male Wistar rats are randomly classified into five groups: treadmill ...

The effects of a flavonoid-rich fresh fruit/vegetable juice (JUICE) on chronic resting and post-exercise inflammation, oxidative stress, immune function, and metabolic profiles (metabolomics analysis, GC-MS platform) in elite sprint and middle-distance swimmers were studied. Utilizing a randomized, crossover design with a 3-wk washout period, swimmers (n = 9) completed 10-d ...