Intense exercise induces increased levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a special cake (consisting of carbohydrate to whey protein 3.5:1) vs an isocaloric carbohydrate cake on inflammatory markers after exhaustive cycling in humans. Nine subjects received either the ...

It has been described that exercise can modulate both inflammatory response and epigenetic modifications, although the effect of exercise on these parameters during the normal brain aging process yet remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effect of aging and treadmill exercise on inflammatory and epigenetic parameters specifically pro and ...

This investigation examined the effect of supplementation with Biostimine® (extract from Aloe arborescens Mill. leaves) on the levels of prooxidant- antioxidant equilibrium markers and anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines in rowers subjected to exhaustive exercise. This double-blind study included 18 members of the Polish Rowing Team. Subjects were randomly assigned to ...

BACKGROUND: Long-term survival after the Fontan procedure shows excellent results but is associated with a persistent risk of arrhythmias and exercise intolerance. We aimed to analyze the current burden of clinically relevant arrhythmia and severe exercise intolerance in Danish Fontan patients and furthermore, to estimate the future burden from analysis ...

AIMS: The 3-min SBP ratio (SBPR) was proposed to detect significant coronary artery disease (CAD), but its relationship with abnormalities detected by myocardial perfusion-gated single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was never examined. METHODS: In 156 consecutive patients submitted to resting and exercise gated SPECT for suspect CAD, perfusion scores, ejection ...

The role of exercise in health is well known; here we discuss the specific role of exercise in vaccination responses. Chronic exercise or high levels of physical activity have been shown to be related to improved vaccination responses in older adults, illustrating improved immune function, and conferring potentially significant public ...

The objective of the study was to examine the effects of wearing compression garments for 24 h post-exercise on the biochemical, physical and perceived recovery of highly trained athletes. Eight field hockey players completed a match simulation exercise protocol on two occasions separated by 4 weeks after which lower-limb compression garments (CG) ...

BACKGROUND:The underlying mechanism of exercise on the development of diabetes-associated neuropathic pain is not well understood. We investigated in rats whether exercise regulates the functional recovery and heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6 expression in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes.METHODS:Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 ...

Delayed secondary biochemical and cellular changes after traumatic brain injury continue for months to years, and are associated with chronic neuroinflammation and progressive neurodegeneration. Physical activity can reduce inflammation and facilitate recovery after brain injury. Here, we investigated the time-dependent effects, and underlying mechanisms of post-traumatic exercise initiation on outcome ...

Exposure to alumina dust has been recently associated with impaired lung mechanics and inflammation. We aimed at evaluating if moderate exercise training prevents these outcomes. Twenty-three female BALB/c mice (25-30g) were randomly divided in two main groups: control (C) and exercise (E), which were submitted, or not, to 15minutes of ...

The aim of the study was to determine if Panax notoginseng is effective in reducing pain, indicators of inflammation and muscle damage, and in turn improve performance in well trained males who underwent a bout of eccentric exercise designed to induce delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). A double blind randomised ...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate (1) changes in clinical, biochemical and echocardiographic parameters, (2) whether deterioration in exercise capacity and resting oxygen saturation (SatO2-rest) are related with adverse outcome and (3) its additional value in predicting outcome in Eisenmenger patients. METHODS: Seventy-seven (36±14years, 30% male) patients were included and prospectively followed. Changes ...

PURPOSE: 1) To determine the effects of caffeine supplementation on the inflammatory response (IL-6 and IL-10 levels and leukocyte numbers) induced by a 15 Km run competition and 2) to examine the effect of caffeine supplementation on the energetic metabolites as well as on the exercise induced oxidative stress. METHODS: ...

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the hypothesis that aerobic exercise training inhibits the development of insulin resistance through IL-6 and probe into the possible molecular mechanism about it. METHODS: Rats were raised with high-fat diets for 8weeks to develop insulin resistance, and glucose infusion rates (GIRs) were determined by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamping to ...

This study investigated the involvement of the adenosinergic system in antiallodynia induced by exercise in an animal model of complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS-I). Furthermore, we analyzed the role of the opioid receptors on exercise-induced analgesia. Ischemia/Reperfusion (IR) mice, nonexercised and exercised, received intraperitoneal injection of caffeine (10 ...

BACKGROUND: To improve early diagnostic and therapeutic decision making, we designed the HEART score for chest pain patients in the emergency department (ED). HEART is an acronym of its components: History, ECG, Age, Risk factors and Troponin. Currently, many chest pain patients undergo exercise testing on the consecutive days after ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of partial sleep deprivation (PSD) on circulating concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in relation to the secretory profiles of growth hormone (GH), cortisol, and testosterone during a repeated brief sprint interval exercise. Thirty healthy football players ...

Impaired glucose tolerant (IGT) adults are at elevated risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Exercise or metformin reduce CVD risk, but the efficacy of combining treatments is unclear. To determine the effects of exercise training plus metformin (EM), compared with each treatment alone, on CVD risk factors in IGT adults. Subjects ...

The purpose of this study was to observe the time course of muscle damage and inflammatory responses following an eccentric overload resistance-training (EO) program. 3 females (23.8 ± 2.6 years; 70.9 ± 12.7 kg; 1.6 ± 0.08 m) and 5 males (23.8 ± 2.6 years; 75.1 ± 11.2 kg; 1.8 ± 0.1 m) underwent ...

The results regarding the effects of unaccustomed eccentric exercise on muscle tissue are often conflicting and the aetiology of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) induced by eccentric exercise is still unclear. This study aimed to re-evaluate the paradigm of muscular alterations with regard to muscle sarcolemma integrity and fibre swelling ...

Physical activity is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease but the mechanism underlying this association is unclear. These benefits of physical activity might result from its effects on inflammation and endothelial function. We investigated whether cardiorespiratory fitness and the level of physical activity are associated with biomarkers of ...

Inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) are elevated in congestive heart failure and are known to induce the production of reactive oxygen species as well as to deteriorate respiratory muscle function. Given the antioxidative effects of exercise training, the aim of the present study was to investigate if ...

The potent anti-inflammatory activities and tissue-protective effects of freshwater clams (Corbicula fluminea) have been well reported. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of freshwater clam extract (FCE) supplementation on time to exhaustion, muscle damage, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and liver injury in rats after exhaustive exercise. ...

[This corrects the article on p. e41719 in vol. 7.].

Cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an essential regulator of satellite cell-mediated hypertrophic muscle growth through the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). The importance of this pathway linked to the modulation of myogenic regulatory factors expression in rat skeletal muscle undergoing hypertrophy following resistance exercise, has not ...

Regular exercise is positively associated with health. It has also been suggested to exert anti-inflammatory effects. In healthy subjects, a single exercise session results in immune cell activation, which is characterized by production of immune modulatory peptides (e.g. IL-6, IL-8), a leukocytosis and enhanced immune cell functions. Upon cessation of ...

PURPOSE: Exercise training alters protein abundance in muscle of healthy individuals, but the effect of exercise on these proteins in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine how exercise training alters the skeletal muscle proteome in patients with T2D. METHODS: Biopsies ...

Physical exercise can improve health and may lead to changes in the functionality of the immune system. Moderate intensity exercise can reduce the risk of infection by shifting the overall immune response towards a T helper type 1 pattern. This study investigates the effect of 12 weeks of swimming on ...

Physical activity has been shown to lower levels of inflammatory markers. However, results are inconsistent, indicating different modes of exercise may have different effects on inflammatory cytokines. We aimed to investigate the effects of 12 weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic, resistance, or combination exercise on TNF-α and IL-6 compared to no exercise ...

Physical activity is associated with improved breast cancer survival, but the underlying mechanisms, possibly including modification of the inflammatory state, are not well understood. We analyzed changes in interleukin (IL)-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in a randomized controlled trial of exercise in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors. ...

Fatigue and exercise intolerance are common symptoms of mitochondrial diseases, but difficult to be clinically assessed. New methods to quantify these rather common complaints are strongly needed in the clinical practice. Coenzyme Q10 administration and aerobic exercise may improve exercise intolerance, but more definite studies are still pending. Herein, we ...

INTRODUCTION: Traditional clinical trials in psoriasis exclude a significant proportion of patients with complex disease and comorbidities. A consensus panel of 14 experts in the field of psoriasis was formed to conduct a Delphi method exercise to identify difficult-to-treat psoriasis clinical scenarios and to rank treatment approaches. METHODS: The exercise ...

Fibrotic myopathy can cause incapacitating gait abnormalities. Transection of the fibrotic mass followed by early post operative exercise is the best treatment for fibrotic myopathy. A laser may be used to transect the fibrotic mass. Assessment of the effectiveness of therapies for fibrotic myopathy has been limited to subjective evaluation. ...

Though potentially linked to the basic physiology of stress response we still have no clear understanding of Gulf War Illness (GWI), a debilitating illness presenting with a complex constellation of immune, endocrine and neurological symptoms. Here we compared male GWI (n=20) with healthy veterans (n=22) and subjects with chronic fatigue ...

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics, exercise training response, β-blocker selectivity, and outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We performed an analysis of HF-ACTION, which randomized 2,331 patients with HF having an ejection fraction of ≤35% to usual ...

PURPOSE: This study investigated associations between injuries and individual components of the Marine Corps Physical Fitness Test (PFT), self-reported exercise and previous injury history, and Functional Movement Screen (FMS) scores. METHODS: A cohort of 874 men enrolled in either six (n = 447) or 10 (n = 427) weeks of ...

The purpose of the present study was to examine the acute effects of resistance training (RT) on CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes apoptosis (annexin V+) and migration (CX(3)CR1). Twelve subjects performed two RT sessions (3 sets of 9 exercises) with 1min (Hyper-1) and 3min (Hyper-3) of rest-interval length between sets ...

OBJECTIVE: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is associated with decreased exercise tolerance and it is subjectively reported as angina pectoris or dyspnea. Inflammation and pro- inflammatory cytokines are related to progression of IHD, but their level is seldom analyzed in association with self reported exercise tolerance. METHODS: Women aged 35-75 years ...

Regular exercise is a good non-pharmacological treatment of metabolic syndrome in that it improves obesity, diabetes, and inflammation. The 72 kDa extracellular heat shock protein (eHsp72) is released during exercise, thus stimulating the inflammatory responses. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of regular exercise on the ...

α-Lipoic acid (αLA), as an inductor of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and nitrogen oxide (NO) generation and modulator of thiol redox status, plays an important role in cell signalling pathways. The study was designed to observe the effect of αLA on inflammatory response through changes in H(2)O(2) and NO levels as ...

Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterised by progressive weight loss, frequently accompanied by anorexia, sarcopenia, and chronic systemic inflammation. The white adipose tissue is markedly affected by cachexia and contributes to this syndrome throught the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors which reach the adjacent tissues and the circulation. A nonpharmacologic ...

BACKGROUND: Heat sensitivity (HS) is reported by 58% of all persons with multiple sclerosis (MS), causing symptom exacerbation possibly limiting exercise participation. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to test the hypotheses that (a) a relationship between exercise-induced changes in core-temperature (C(temp)) and changes in symptom intensity exists, and ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: There is some evidence that singing lessons may be of benefit to patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is not clear how much of this benefit is specific to singing and how much relates to the classes being a group activity that addresses social isolation. METHODS: ...

Data on interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) release during acute exercise are not conclusive and lack information about the impact of physical inactivity. Some studies have shown an increase, but others report no changes in IL-6 and TNF-α release during exercise. We have now studied the temporal relationship ...

Since the 19(th) century, many studies have enlightened the role of inflammation in atherosclerosis, changing our perception of "vessel plaque due to oxidized lipoproteins", similar to a "rusted pipe", towards a disease with involvement of many cell types and cytokines with more complex mechanisms. Although "physical activity" and "physical exercise" ...

Gastrointestinal distress, such as diarrhoea, cramping, vomiting, nausea and gastric pain are common among athletes during training and competition. The mechanisms that cause these symptoms are not fully understood. The stress of heat and oxidative damage during exercise causes disruption to intestinal epithelial cell tight junction proteins resulting in increased ...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Inflammation markers (IM) have been associated with the development of chronic diseases. This study compares the effects on IM of three exercise programs combined with a hypocaloric diet. METHODS: 119 overweight participants (73 women, 46 men) aged 18-50 years were randomised into four treatment groups: strength training ...

BACKGROUND: While there is an increasing body of evidence supporting the efficacy of exercise in people with multiple sclerosis (MS), additional information on the effectiveness of combining aerobic and resistance training, and yoga is required. OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the effectiveness of community exercise interventions for people with MS having ...

Autoantibodies have been detected in systemic sclerosis patients, and typical clinical features regarding organ involvement by each autoantibody have been reported. To reveal differences in exercise intolerance in patients with either anti-topoisomerase-I or anti-centromere antibodies, 53 systemic sclerosis patients were investigated retrospectively. A 6-min walking distance showed no significant differences ...

In the article by Pedersen and colleagues, J Physiol 589, 1409-20, 2011, there was an error in the Methods section entitled 'Real-time PCR' on page 1411. The second sentence should read: The following PCR primers were used: for CXCL-1, forward: 5-'GCTGGGATTCACCTCAAGAA-3' and reverse: 5'-TGGGGACACCTTTTAGCATC-3' for IL-6: forward: 5'-GCTACCAAACTGATATAATCAGGA-3' and reverse: ...