ABSTRACT: Stroke survivors are at high risk for cardiovascular mortality which can be in part mitigated by increasing physical activity. Self-efficacy for exercise is known to play a role in adoption of exercise behaviors. This study examines self-reported psychological outcomes in a group of 64 stroke survivors randomized to either ...

Fatigue is a common and distressing post stroke symptom. One important hypothesis is that fatigue after stroke may be triggered by physical deconditioning, which sets up a vicious, self-perpetuating cycle of fatigue, avoidance of physical activity, further deconditioning, and more fatigue. If an association between physical activity and fatigue after ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The branched chain amino acid leucine is a potent stimulator of insulin secretion. Used in combination with glucose it can increase the insulin response and the post exercise re-synthesis of glycogen in man. Decreased plasma amino acid concentrations have been reported after intravenous or per oral administration of ...

SUMMARY  For the past 40 years, beta-blockers have been widely used in cardiovascular medicine, reducing morbidity as well as mortality. Beta-blockers are currently used in a number of cardiovascular conditions such as systolic heart failure, postmyocardial infarction, and in prevention and treatment of arrhythmias. They are not recommended as the ...

Telcagepant is a calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist being evaluated for acute migraine treatment. CGRP is a potent vasodilator that is elevated after myocardial infarction, and it delays ischemia during treadmill exercise. We tested the hypothesis that CGRP receptor antagonism does not reduce treadmill exercise time (TET). The effects ...

The loaded step up exercise allows strength and conditioning practitioners to incorporate a unilateral resistance for athletes while performing extension at the hip, knee, and plantar flexion at the ankle. This study evaluated the activation of the biceps femoris, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, rectus femoris, semitendinosus, vastus lateralis, and vastus ...

Regular physical activity plays a crucial role in health maintenance and disease prevention. However, excessive exercise has the potential to have adverse effects on both physical and mental health. The scholastic and empirical discussion of excessive physical activity focuses on obsessive and compulsive exercising, and uses several labels. However, in ...

Although several everyday functions and sporting activities demand controlled use of the abdominal and back muscles while working with the upper limbs, the activity of core muscles during dynamic upper limb exercises in the standing position has not been studied extensively. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine ...

Exercise necessitates a large supply of O(2) and nutrients and rapid removal of CO(2) and waste products. Histamine is a regulator of the microcirculation (which performs these exchanges), suggesting a possible involvement of histamine in exercise. Histamine is released from either mast cells or non-mast cells. In the latter, histamine ...

Exercise assessment and aerobic exercise training for postconcussion syndrome (PCS) may reduce concussion-related physiological dysfunction and symptoms by restoring autonomic balance and improving cerebral blood flow autoregulation. In a descriptive pilot study of 91 patients referred to a university clinic for treatment of PCS, a subset of 63 patients were ...

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to conduct a curriculum scan of Canadian undergraduate university programs to determine the relative emphasis placed on the activity and exercise after spinal cord injury (SCI), in the context of physical disability studies. Method: Eighty-three Canadian Universities were evaluated for courses discussing: (i) ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Physical inactivity and associated co-morbidities such as obesity and cardiovascular disease are estimated to have large societal costs. There is increasing interest in examining the role of the built environment in shaping patterns of physical activity. However, few studies have: (1) simultaneously examined physical activity for leisure and ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The health benefits of regular physical activity and exercise have been widely acknowledged. Unfortunately, a decline in physical activity is observed in older adults. Knowledge of the determinants of physical activity (unstructured activity incorporated in daily life) and exercise (structured, planned and repetitive activities) is needed to effectively ...

Low Back Pain (LBP) affects 70-80% of the population. The transversus abdominis (TrA) has been implicated as part of the cause of LBP. Prevention and rehabilitation of LBP often target the TrA using exercises such as the side bridge accompanied with the abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM). However, it is unknown ...

Previous event-related brain potential (ERP) investigations have demonstrated that single bouts of physical activity have transient benefits to aspects of cognitive control. However, this line of research has yet to explore goal maintenance. ERPs were collected using a within-participants design with young-adults following 30-min of both moderate walking and a ...

Purpose: This study explored processes that influenced involvement in recreational exercise for individuals with neurological disability, to identify strategies to promote physical activity for health and well-being in this population. Method: Nineteen participants (11 males and eight females), aged 20-71 years, with a range of neurological conditions and functional limitations, ...

Objectives: Public health recommendations for older adults highlight the need to engage in a combination of aerobic, muscle strength, flexibility and balance activities. This study characterised leisure time physical activity in older Australians (≥65 years), examining the diversity in reported activities. Design: Cross-sectional monitoring. Methods: The Exercise Recreation and Sport ...

Impaired aerobic exercise capacity and skeletal muscle dysfunction are associated with cardiometabolic diseases. Acute administration of capsaicin enhances exercise endurance in rodents, but the long-term effect of dietary capsaicin is unknown. The capsaicin receptor, the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) cation channel has been detected in skeletal muscle, the ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Exercise stress was shown to increase oxidative stress in rats. It lacks reports of increased protection afforded by dietary antioxidant supplements against ROS production during exercise stress. We evaluated the effects of vitamin E supplementation on renal non-enzymatic antioxidants in young rats submitted to exhaustive exercise stress. Methods: ...

Many authors attribute the antioxidant activity of brewed coffee to its caffeine content. In addition, caffeine intake has been associated with increased performance during physical exercise. This study analyzed the in vivo effects of drinking caffeinated and decaffeinated instant coffee (8%, w/v) on oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activity in ...

Triple stimulation technique (TST) has previously shown that transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) fails to activate a proportion of spinal motoneurons (MNs) during motor fatigue. The TST response depression without attenuation of the conventional motor evoked potential suggested increased probability of repetitive spinal MN activation during exercise even if some MNs ...

The current study aimed to test the hypotheses that exercise is associated with generation of PPARγ ligands in the plasma, and that this may activate PPARγ signalling within circulating monocytes, thus providing a mechanism to underpin the exercise-induced anti-atherogenic benefits observed in previous studies. A cohort of healthy individuals undertook ...

The determination of cholinesterase activity in plasma and erythrocytes serves as a useful and sensitive biomarker of exposure to organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides. However, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity may be influenced by factors such as age, gender, drugs, and physical exercise. The aim of this study was to ...

BackgroundExercise has many benefits for breast cancer survivors, yet only half of survivors regularly exercise. Fear has been identified as a barrier to exercise for people with neuromusculoskeletal conditions, but has been minimally explored among women with breast cancer.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate factors that impact the ...

Participation in physical activity is fundamental for the maintenance of metabolic health and the prevention of major chronic diseases, particularly type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. A whole-of-day approach to physical activity promotion is increasingly advocated and includes not only increasing moderate-intensity physical activity, but also reducing sedentary time and ...

The purpose was to investigate the effect of three chest-press exercises with different degrees of freedom upon the sticking region and muscle activity in maximal attempts. It was hypothesized that, with increasing degrees of freedom the sticking region (the weakest region during the lift) would be longer since the muscles ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible effects of low-frequency electroacupuncture (EA) and physical exercise on markers of coagulation and fibrinolysis, insulin sensitivity, and adipose tissue characteristics in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). DESIGN: Secondary analyses of a prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial. SETTING: Department of Physiology and Department of Obstetrics ...

Study design:A prospective cohort study.Objectives:To study the longitudinal relationship between objectively measured everyday physical activity level, and physical fitness and lipid profile in persons with a recent spinal cord injury (SCI).Setting:A rehabilitation centre in the Netherlands and the participant's home environment.Methods:Data of 30 persons with a recent SCI were collected ...

Skeletal muscle fibers of collagen VI null (Col6a1 (-/-) ) mice show signs of degeneration due to a block in autophagy, leading to the accumulation of damaged mitochondria and excessive apoptosis. Attempts to induce autophagic flux by subjecting these mutant mice to long-term or shorter bursts of physical activity are ...

Athletes active in endurance sports are at an increased risk of acquiring asthma through their sports activities, especially so for cross-country skiers, biathlon skiers, swimmers and athletes of other endurance sports. Asthma may be present from early childhood or develop while in active sports. This article focuses on the physical ...

Peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) plays a role not only as an activator of mitochondrial biogenesis, but also as a suppressor of inflammatory cytokines, which induce chronic diseases. Therefore, increasing PGC-1α expression can be one of the important factors for preventing chronic diseases. PGC-1α expression is activated by ...

Resistance exercise increases heme synthesis in the bone marrow and the hemoglobin in iron-deficient rats. Post-exercise early nutrient provision facilitates skeletal muscle protein synthesis compared to late provision. However, the effects of post-exercise nutrition timing on hemoglobin synthesis are unclear. The current study investigated the effect of post-exercise meal timing ...

Acute energy and macronutrient intake following an Exercise and Control protocol was compared to determine if active, normal-weight males regulate acute energy intake better, demonstrating more acute accurate energy compensation capabilities, than inactive, normal-weight males after exercise. Males (21.2±1.9years) of normal percent body fat (10.0-18.0%) and body mass index (23.4±1.7kg/m(2)), ...

BACKGROUND: Physical activity is important following breast cancer. Trials of non-face-to-face interventions are needed to assist in reaching women living outside major metropolitan areas. PURPOSE: This study seeks to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a telephone-delivered, mixed aerobic and resistance exercise intervention for non-urban Australian women with breast cancer. ...

Historically, the link between elevated cholesterol and increased risk of cardiovascular disease has been based on fasting measurements. This is appropriate for total, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, triglyceride concentrations vary considerably throughout the day in response to the regular consumption of food and drink. Recent findings indicate ...

CONTEXT: Weight bearing (WB) and non-weight bearing (NWB) exercises are commonly used in a rehabilitation program with anterior knee pain (AKP) patients. OBJECTIVE: To determine the immediate effects of isolated WB or NWB knee extension exercises on quadriceps torque output and activation in individuals with AKP. DESIGN: A single-blind randomized ...

CONTEXT: Gluteus medius (Gmed) is proposed to consist of three functional subdivisions (anterior, middle and posterior). Weakness and dysfunction of Gmed has been implicated in numerous lower extremity disorders, including patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). PFPS is a knee condition which frequently occurs in females and is associated with activities such ...

A balanced level of muscle strength between the different parts of the scapular muscles is important to optimize performance and prevent injuries in athletes. Emerging evidence suggests that many athletes lack balanced strength in the scapular muscles. Evidence based recommendations are important for proper exercise prescription. This study determines scapular ...

If the efficiency of human movement patterns could be improved using exercise, this could lead to more effective musculoskeletal disease/injury prevention and rehabilitation programs. It has been suggested that an efficient squat movement pattern emphasizes the use of the large hip extensors instead of the smaller knee extensors. The purpose ...

There are contradictory data on optimal muscle-activation strategies for restoring shoulder stability. Further investigation of neuromuscular-control strategies for glenohumeral-joint stability will guide clinicians in decisions regarding appropriate rehabilitation exercises. To determine whether subscapularis, infraspinatus, and teres minor (anteroposterior force couple) muscle activation differ between 4 shoulder exercises and describe coactivation ...

Obesity is an epidemic disease most commonly caused by a combination of increased energy intake and lack of physical activity. The cholinergic system has been shown to be involved in the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure. Moreover, physical exercise promotes a reduction of fat pads and body mass ...

BACKGROUND: We examined whether abnormal skeletal muscle Na(+),K(+)-pumps underlie impaired exercise performance in haemodialysis patients (HDP) and whether these are improved in renal transplant recipients (RTx).METHODS: Peak oxygen consumption (O(2peak)) and plasma [K(+)] were measured during incremental exercise in 9RTx, 10 HDP and 10 healthy controls (CON). Quadriceps peak torque ...

The use of exercise balls as an aid to facilitate improvements in posture in patients with trunk weakness is widely advocated. However, mechanisms underlying any effect on postural mechanisms have received little attention. This study compared the increases in trunk EMG activity in response to limb movement when seated on ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Prenatal physical activity may improve maternal and infant health and lower future disease risk for both mother and baby; however, very few physical activity assessment methods have been validated for use during pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a subjective physical activity ...

Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial hypertrophy and infarction. Although impairment of antioxidant defense mechanisms has been thought to provoke oxidative stress-induced myocardial dysfunction, it has been difficult to clearly demonstrate. Nuclear erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a redox-sensitive, basic leucine ...

Exercise is a primary stimulus for increased myocardial oxygen demand. The ~6-fold increase in oxygen demands of the left ventricle during heavy exercise is met principally by augmenting coronary blood flow (~5-fold), as hemoglobin concentration and oxygen extraction (which is already ~70% at rest) increase only modestly in most species. ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of augmented exercise therapy on gait, gait-related activities, and (basic and extended) activities of daily living within the first 6 months poststroke. METHODS: A systematic literature search in electronic databases from 1990 until October 2010 was performed. ...

Abstract India is currently undergoing rapid economic, demographic, and lifestyle transformations. A key feature of the latter transformation has been inappropriate and inadequate diets and decreases in physical activity. Data from various parts of India have shown a steady increase in the prevalence of lifestyle-related diseases such as type 2 ...

Legumes are considered to have beneficial health implications, which have been attributed to their phytochemical content. Polyphenols are considered the most important phytochemical compounds extensively studied for their antioxidant properties. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of potent antioxidant legume plant extracts on xanthine oxidase ...

The influence of trans fatty acids (FA) on development of orofacial dyskinesia (OD) and locomotor activity was evaluated. Rats were fed with diets enriched with 20% soybean oil (SO; n-6 FA), lard (L; saturated FA) or hydrogenated vegetable fat (HVF; trans FA) for 60 weeks. In the last 12 weeks ...