PURPOSE: No systematic investigation has been reported assessing the effect of cell isolation processes on postexercise apoptosis. Therefore, the effect of cell isolation procedures on apoptosis was evaluated in this study. METHODS: Untrained healthy individuals participated (N=13). Blood samples obtained at rest and immediately after an incremental exercise test to ...

Hyperactivition of an unwanted cellular cascade by the immune-related protein RNase L has been linked to reduced exercise capacity in persons with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). This investigation compares exercise capacities of CFS patients with deregulation of the RNase L pathway and CFS patients with normal regulation, while controlling for ...

BACKGROUND: Prolonged exercise may induce temporary immunosuppression with a presumed increased susceptibility for infection. However, there are only few data on immune cell function after prolonged cycling at moderate intensities typical for road cycling training sessions. METHODS: The present study examined the influence on immune cell function of 4 h ...

In a recent publication, we showed the protective effect of glutamine on neutrophil apoptosis induced by acute exercise. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of a single bout of intensive exercise on rat neutrophil function and the possible effect of glutamine supplementation. An aqueous solution ...

The purpose of our study was to examine the effects of a single exercise bout on the natural killer (NK) cell count and activity in physically active elderly people, sedentary elderly people, and sedentary young people. Eight elderly women who trained by walking (age, 64 +/- 1 years; Vo(2peak), 32.2 ...

Considerable advances have been made in exercise immunology over the last two decades, and it is becoming evident that many of the health benefits of regular physical activity may be directly related to activation of the immune system. The number of investigations devoted to the paediatric population, however, remains low, ...

BACKGROUND: Induced sputum (IS) has been proposed as a useful noninvasive method for the assessment of airway diseases. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), an important tool for evaluating interstitial lung diseases, has limited utility due to its invasiveness and the difficulties of performing it in severely ill patients, while it is ...

The effects of long-term training on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from neutrophils and serum opsonic activity (SOA) remain to date unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 6 months training on ROS production and SOA in judoists. Fifty-six judoists were enrolled this ...

ABSTRACT The pattern of Xylella fastidiosa infection in resistant and susceptible grapevines representing a diverse selection of Vitis spp. was characterized through measurements of X. fastidiosa bacterial movement and accumulation in artificially inoculated greenhouse-grown grapevines. A double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was optimized for quantification of X. fastidiosa populations ...

Iron is one of the trace elements playing a key role in the normal brain metabolism. An excess of free iron on the other hand is catalyzing the iron-mediated oxygen radical production. Such a condition might be a harmful event leading perhaps to serious tissue damage and degeneration. Therefore, during ...

Exercise is the strongest stress to which the body is ever exposed. The body responds to this stress through a set of physiological changes in its metabolic, hormonal and immunological systems. In this study, responses of the immune system to the long-term aerobic and anaerobic exercises have been investigated. Twenty-four ...

The aim of the present investigation was to determine whether an acute bout of exercise increases heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA accumulation in human lymphocytes. Eight male subjects performed separate exercise and rest trials in a randomised order at least 10 days apart. In the exercise trial subjects ran for 75-min ...

Chronic administration of oxytetracycline (OXT) (incorporated at a level of 0.05 g per kg of feed for 50 days) to pigeons, significantly decreased total leukocyte and lymphocyte counts, increased heterophil:lymphocyte ratio and lysosomal enzyme activity, and decreased reticuloendothelial system function compared with controls. Coadministration of black seed (BS) at a ...

As no physiological mechanism exist for excreting transfusional iron overload in thalassemia, chelation therapy is the mandatory way to remove iron to prevent end organ damage and prolong survival. Desferoxamine (DFO) has been the major iron chelating agent used extensively worldwide for more than three decades for treatment of transfusional ...

Objectives. The human body initiates an acute phase response (APR) in response to a wide range of homeostatic disturbances. This complex series of reactions serves to activate repair processes and prevent ongoing tissue damage. An important aspect of the APR is the de novo synthesis of acute phase proteins (APP), ...

Physical exercise induces a reduction of immune defences and an imbalance of red-ox status. In this study plasma levels of cysteine and homocysteine (Hcy) were determined in horses before and after submaximal treadmill exercise as well as the effect on horse lymphocyte proliferation. The exercise induced a significant increase in ...

Despite more than 20 years of research into mechanisms which could result in the increased predisposition of athletes to ‘infection' incidence following excessive and prolonged exercise, definitive explanations are not yet available. A strong temporal relationship between the incidence of upper respiratory tract infection symptoms and immune system changes following ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of chronic moderate-intensity exercise upon the alterations of immune system cell function induced by energy restriction. METHODS: Forty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: sedentary animals fed ad libitum (SF, N = 10) or submitted to energy restriction (SER, N = ...

Secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) represents the main adaptive immune mechanism in the oral cavity. The regulation of secretion and synthesis of S-IgA is not only dependent on prior antigenic stimulation, but is also under strong neuroendocrine control. Thus, alterations in neuroendocrine functioning (such as induced by stress, exercise, pregnancy, menstrual ...

The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism responsible for lymphopenia after exercise. Seven young healthy men volunteered for this study. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were cultured with cortisol and analyzed for C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) expression by flow cytometry. To determine the effects of ...

INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE: Regular exercise may offset age-associated increases in inflammatory cytokines and reduce the risk of developing diseases with an inflammatory etiology by exerting "anti-inflammatory" effects. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling stimulates inflammatory cytokine production, and may explain the "anti-inflammatory" effect attributed to regular exercise. Therefore, the purpose of the present ...

During intensive exercise the stimulation of phagocytosis is mediated by "stress hormones". During moderate exercise, however, such mediation is less clear. The influence of moderate exercise (45 min at 55% maximal oxygen uptake) on the phagocytic capacity of neutrophils was evaluated in sedentary men. The exercise stimulated phagocytosis of Candida ...

Aging mammalians show reduced expression and induction of cytoprotective heat shock proteins in response to physiological stresses. Physical training can increase Hsp72 expression in young and old animals, but whether same adaptations can be observed in old people remains unknown. We hypothesized that the maintenance of physical activity during aging ...

There still exist many unanswered questions whether physical exercise is beneficial or harmful to the immune system. The 'open-window' post-exercise hypothesis states that athletes are more susceptible to infections after exercise, but there is a need for further elucidation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect ...

AIM: Haematological response to the 2001 downhill Comrades Marathon was compared in high (>120 km/w in training; 3 weeks of pre-race taper) and low (<80 km/w in training; 2 weeks of pre-race taper) training status groups. METHODS: Full blood counts, differential lymphocyte counts (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD56), serum cortisol, ...

AIM: A preliminary study to investigate the combined effects of dietary restriction and weight reduction through exercise on markers of immune function in college judoists before and after a single competition. METHODS: Forty-nine judoists participated in the study. Thirty-eight athletes combined exercise and dietary restriction (WR group), and 11 athletes ...

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of training status on lymphocyte apoptosis as well as the expression of cell death receptors and ligands after a marathon run, and to compare these data with the alterations after treadmill exercise tests. METHODS: Sixteen volunteers successfully finished the 2002 Münster marathon. Venous blood samples ...

OBJECTIVE: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with acute decreases and subsequent recovery of cerebral nitric oxide (NO) levels, but the mechanisms of these alterations are not known. In this study, we measured NO synthase (NOS) protein and kinetics to determine its involvement in the alterations of cerebral NO levels after ...

The present study was undertaken to examine the role of the exercise-induced stress hormone response on the regulation of type 1 and type 2 T lymphocyte intracellular cytokine production. Subjects performed 2.5 h of cycling exercise at 65% maximal O2 uptake while ingesting a 6.4% carbohydrate (CHO) solution, 12.8% CHO ...

Consistent reports of the positive relationship between regular physical activity and immunosenescence have generated much excitement in the field of exercise immunology. It is generally accepted that natural killer (NK) cell activity per NK cell decreases with age; decreases in NKCA have been associated with infection and death in the ...

BACKGROUND: Prestorage pooling of whole-blood-derived PCs (WBD-PCs) would be advantageous to transfusion services in that it would make the product available in a more timely manner, reduce wastage of untransfused pools, and simplify bacterial screening by allowing testing of the pool rather than each single PLT concentrate (PC). STUDY DESIGN ...

Catecholamines induce apoptosis in various lymphoid populations. This process can occur with both alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptors. Heavy exercise increases plasma catecholamine concentrations, and is also a cause of lymphocyte apoptosis, a possible explanation for postexercise lymphocytopenia. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of adrenoreceptor antagonism on ...

Acute, sustained, moderate- to high-intensity exercise has been shown to induce significant alterations in the distribution and function of leukocytes during recovery. In many instances, these changes have been found to reflect a transient impairment of immune function in vitro during recovery from such exercise. Carbohydrate supplementation during exercise has ...

Although it generally does not improve performance, iron is often used by elite athletes. The physiologic changes induced by exercise can mimic iron deficiency and decrease hemoglobin and ferritin concentrations. Determination of serum transferrin receptor concentrations may identify true iron deficiency, which occurs particularly in young athletes. In contrast, increased ...

OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether a single episode of exercise could acutely increase the numbers of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and cultured/circulating angiogenic cells (CACs) in human subjects. BACKGROUND: Endothelial progenitor cells and CACs can be isolated from peripheral blood and have been shown to participate in vascular repair and angiogenesis. ...

Influenza vaccine efficacy is reduced among adults over age 65 and a significant number of vaccinated elderly may remain susceptible to influenza virus infection. The effect of moderate exercise training on the immune response to influenza immunization was evaluated in this study. Twenty-seven adults >or=age 64 were assigned to an ...

Stress response is considered an important factor in the modulation of immune function. Neuroendocrine hormones, including catecholamines, affect the process of immune cell redistribution, important for cell-mediated immunity. This longitudinal investigation was aimed at evaluating the effect of repeated stress-induced elevation of catecholamines on immune cell redistribution and expression of ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to provide baseline data on immune status of exercising and sedentary exclusively lactating women. Dietary intake and body composition were also investigated to determine whether they related to immune function. METHODS: Healthy, exclusively breastfeeding women with a body mass index between 20 and ...

We have analyzed repellent signal processing in Escherichia coli by flash photorelease of leucine from photolabile precursors. We found that 1). response amplitudes of free-swimming cell populations increased with leucine jump concentration, with an apparent Hill coefficient of 1.3 and a half-maximal dose of 14.4 microM; 2). at a 0-0.5 ...

NtcB of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus strain PCC 7942 is a LysR family protein that enhances expression of the nitrate assimilation operon (nirA operon) in response to the presence of nitrite, an intermediate of assimilatory nitrate reduction. Inactivation of ntcB in this cyanobacterium specifically abolishes the nitrite responsiveness of nirA ...

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a single bout of resistance exercise on immune cell numbers of moderately active men. Subjects were 16 male volunteers (mean +/- standard deviation [SD] age 30 +/- 7 years, height 180.1 +/- 7.0 cm, mass 83.97 +/- 10.33 kg); ...

OBJECTIVE: Since CD163+ macrophages are selectively increased in spondylarthropathy (SpA) synovitis, we investigated the role of CD163+ macrophages in synovial inflammation. METHODS: Synovial biopsy samples from 26 SpA and 23 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients were analyzed for macrophage and lymphocyte subsets. Synovial fluid (SF) samples were analyzed by Western blotting ...

Intense exercise stimulates the systemic release of a variety of factors that alter neutrophil surface receptor expression and functional activity. These alterations may influence resistance to infection after intense exercise. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of exercise intensity on neutrophil receptor expression, degranulation (measured by ...

BACKGROUND: In adults, exercise is a powerful and natural stimulator of immune cells and adhesion molecules. Far less is known about exercise responses during childhood and adolescence and whether or not exercise in "real life" activities of healthy adolescents influences immune responses. OBJECTIVE: To determine if strenuous exercise leads to ...

Physical stress induced in healthy volunteers by the Loughborough intermittent shuttle test (LIST) was used to validate a newly developed whole-blood cell culture system (Instant leukocyte culture system (ILCS). Exercise induced immune modulation was investigated through measurement of cytokine levels after activating leukocytes in peripheral blood ex vivo using the ...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine serum lactoferrin concentrations and serum antibacterial activity before and after running exercise. METHODS: Twenty-four healthy young men were randomly assigned to high, middle, or low intensity of exercise groups (5000 steps running at 180, 130, and 80 steps/min, respectively). Blood samples ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of regular physical activity on lymphocyte responses to a speech stressor and an exercise challenge. METHODS: We assessed lymphocyte subsets and CD62L expression pre, immediately after and 15 min after a speech task vs. exercise in 24 high vs. 24 low physically active subjects. Catecholamine ...

We have purified plant alternative oxidase (AOX) protein from the spadices of thermogenic Arum maculatum (cuckoo pint) to virtual homogeneity. The obtained enzyme fraction exhibits a high specific activity, consuming on average 32 micromol oxygen min(-1) mg(-1), which is completely stable for at least 6 months when the sample is ...

This study examined the role of shifts in plasma volume on lipid and immune reactions to stress. Lipid, immune, rheological, and cardiovascular reactions to exercise and mental stress in 51 patients with suspected coronary artery disease were determined. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured during and blood samples taken ...

Strenuous bouts of prolonged exercise and heavy training are associated with depressed immune cell function. Furthermore, inadequate or inappropriate nutrition can compound the negative influence of heavy exertion on immunocompetence. Dietary deficiencies of protein and specific micronutrients have long been associated with immune dysfunction. An adequate intake of iron, zinc ...