Dynamic exercise evokes a rapid redeployment of cytotoxic T cell subsets with high surface expression of β2 adrenergic receptors, presumably to enhance immunosurveillance during acute stress. As this response is affected by age and infection history, this study examined latent CMV infection as a potential confounder to age-related differences in ...

BACKGROUND: Strenuous exercise has been classically associated to immune-suppression and consequently to an increased risk of infections, especially at the upper respiratory tract. The administration of dietary nucleotides has been demonstrated useful to maintain the immune function in situations of stress and thus could be an appropriate strategy to counteract ...

BACKGROUND: Heavy exercise stresses immune function, however carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation has been shown to attenuate the decline in some measures of immune function after exercise. The purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of CHO supplementation on salivary immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) levels, interleukin 2 (IL-2), and interleukin 5 ...

Background: Moderate exercise may decrease the severity of influenza infection and reduce lung viral load. The possibility that an exercise-associated reduction in lung viral load early in infection could contribute to decreased serum antibody and reduced memory response were investigated. Methods: BALB/c mice exercised for eight weeks and were then ...

Strenuous exercise promotes changes in salivary IgA and can be associated with a high incidence of upper respiratory tract Infections. However, moderate exercise enhances immune function. The effect of exercise on salivary IgA has been well studied, but its effect on other immunological parameters is poorly studied. Thus, this study ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of a supervised training program on: changes in serum monoclonal protein level (i.e. IgG), percentage of bone marrow plasma cells (BMPCs), fitness performance, and cardiac autonomic control (i.e. heart rate [HR] variability [HRV] and HR complexity [HRC]) in a female diagnosed with smoldering multiple myeloma ...

Nasal problems in athletes can have detrimental impacts on athletic performance. Increasingly strenuous physical exercise requires the nasal respiratory system to function efficiently in order to meet the increasing oxygen demand. Generally, nasal issues can be grouped into traumatic and nontraumatic categories. Rhinitis is the most common nasal issue in ...

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of high-intensity endurance exercise on skin immunity by estimating secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) and staphylococci on skin surface. Seven healthy adult males (age; 22.3 ± 2.0 years) performed bicycle exercise at 75%HRmax for 60 min from 20:30 to 21:30. ...

Exercise modulates both glucose and glutamine metabolism which influences lymphocyte function. We investigated the influence of chronic moderate exercise on glucose and glutamine metabolism in lymphocytes, the associated influence on proliferation, and cytokine and immunoglobulin production. Male Wistar rats (8 weeks old) were placed in an exercise training group (N = 15, 1 h day(-1) ...

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the effect of a treatment with glycophosphopeptide on Olympic high platform divers during training and competition by measuring lymphocytes and cortisol in peripheral blood, and secretory immunoglobin A in saliva (sIgA). Two groups of 8 divers were given a 14-day treatment of ...

To compare the efficacy of intensive functional exercise training with that of usual cardiac rehabilitation (CR) in very old adults soon after coronary bypass surgery (CABG). Randomized controlled trial. In-hospital CR. Individuals aged 75 and older (n = 173, mean 78.5 ± 3.2) participated in inpatient CR, which started soon ...

Wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA) is a specific form of wheat allergy typically induced by exercise after ingestion of wheat products. Wheat ω-5 gliadin is a major allergen associated with conventional WDEIA, and detection of serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) specific to recombinant ω-5 gliadin is a reliable method for its diagnosis. ...

Strenuous and/or prolonged exercise causes transient perturbations in immune function. It is well accepted that this is one mechanism contributing to the higher occurrence of infection (e.g. upper respiratory tract infection (URTI)) in athletes, especially endurance athletes. URTI or upper respiratory tract (URT) symptoms can negatively affect training and competition ...

Wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA) is characterized by anaphylactic reactions after wheat ingestion and physical exercise. IgE antibodies to recombinant ω(5) -gliadin are detectable in a majority of WDEIA patients, but other wheat allergens may also play a role in elicitation of WDEIA. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of IgE ...

The objective of this study was to examine the effects on lower limb injury rates of adding structured balance and agility exercises to the 80-day basic training programme of army recruits. A blocked (stratified), cluster-randomised controlled trial was employed, with one intervention group (IG) and one control group (CG), in ...

32 postmenopausal women were randomized to a 16-week home-based walking program or control group. Before and after the intervention, each subject completed a graded maximal treadmill test to establish VO2max and resting saliva was collected to determine levels of salivary immunoglobulin A. The 16-week walking program resulted in an increase ...

Antidepressants can impair sexual arousal. Exercise increases genital arousal in healthy women, likely due to increasing sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity. Test if exercise increases genital arousal in women taking antidepressants, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which suppress SNS activity, and selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), which ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine if pre-operative interventions for hip and knee osteoarthritis provide benefit before and after joint replacement. METHOD: Systematic review with meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of pre-operative interventions for people with hip or knee osteoarthritis awaiting joint replacement surgery. Standardised mean differences (SMD) were calculated for pain, ...

Evaluation of: Goldberg DJ, French B, McBride MG et al. Impact of oral sildenafil on exercise performance in children and young adults after the Fontan operation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Circulation 123, 1185-1193 (2011). After the Fontan operation, patients often have decreased exercise capacity as a result of ...

We demonstrate a low latency respiratory/breathing frequency detection system that is fast (<5 ms), easy to operate, requires no batteries or external power supply and operates fully via computer-standard USB connection. Exercises in controlling ones breathing frequency, usually referred to as paced-breathing exercises, have shown positive effects in treating pulmonary diseases, ...

Reasons for performing study: There is increasing evidence suggesting that early exercise in Thoroughbred racehorses may be beneficial to the development of the musculoskeletal system. At present, information on the exercise programmes and health problems of individual yearlings during a sales preparation is scant. Objectives: To describe the exercise and ...

Wong, DP, Carling, C, Chaouachi, A, Dellal, A, Castagna, C, Chamari, K, and Behm, DG. Estimation of oxygen uptake from heart rate and RPE in young soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 25(x): 000-000, 2011-The objective of this study was to estimate the oxygen uptake (&OV0312;O2) in elite youth soccer ...

In 2004, a cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) prognosticating algorithm for heart failure (HF) patients was proposed. The algorithm employed a stepwise assessment of peak oxygen consumption (VO2), slope of regression relating minute ventilation to carbon dioxide output (VE/VCO2) and peak respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and was proposed as an alternative ...

Bilateral stimulation of posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscles offers a physiologic approach to restore ventilation to a normal level in case of bilateral laryngeal paralysis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of a new generation stimulator in restoring ventilation and exercise tolerance. A prospective ...

Ventilatory control during exercise is a complex network of neural and humoral signals. One humoral input that has received little recent attention in the exercise literature is potassium ions [K(+)]. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between [K(+)] and ventilation during an incremental cycle test and ...

The physiologic mechanisms by which exercise may clear secretions in subjects with cystic fibrosis (CF) are unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare ventilation, respiratory flow, and sputum properties following treadmill and cycle exercise with resting breathing (referred to as "control"). In 14 adult subjects with CF, ventilation ...

A respiratory warm-up (RWU) can improve exercise performance in able-bodied athletes. However, its effects in paraplegic individuals are unknown. On two occasions, nine male active paraplegic individuals performed an arm cranking test to exhaustion at 85% of their peak power output. In the intervention (INT) trial, this procedure was preceded ...

Patients with heart failure (HF) develop abnormal pulmonary gas exchange; specifically, they have abnormal ventilation relative to metabolic demand (ventilatory efficiency/minute ventilation in relation to carbon dioxide production [V(E)/VCO₂]) during exercise. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the factors that underlie the abnormal breathing efficiency in this population. ...

A physiological rationale has been demonstrated for the use of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) in patients with cystic fibrosis. Indeed, as lung disease progresses, respiratory muscle load increases. As a result, patients develop a compensatory mechanism of a rapid shallow breathing pattern in an attempt to reduce this increase ...

Heavy resistance exercise may be associated with a small risk of cerebral aneurysm rupture, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and symptoms of dizziness or outright weight-lifters' blackout, which may be induced by a rapid change in the cerebral blood flow. We hypothesized that these changes during heavy exercise could be associated with the ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate maximal respiratory pressures, pulmonary volumes and capacities and exercise functional capacity in pregnant women with preeclampsia. METHOD: Primigravid women with preeclampsia and healthy primigravid women were evaluated by means of manovacuometry, spirometry and the 6-minute walk test. RESULTS: The group with preeclampsia showed higher minute ventilation and ...

This study assessed the time it takes for newly trained basic life-support/automated external defibrillator (BLS/AED) providers to complete five cycles of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and whether it is easier to follow a 2-min time frame or to count five cycles of CPR. Then, it assesses how many chest compressions are ...

This study examined the effect of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) on ventilatory and perceived exertion responses to cycle exercise. Ten healthy, physically active men cycled for 6 min at moderate intensity and to exhaustion at severe intensity before and 48 h after eccentric exercise (100 squats with a load corresponding ...

We investigated whether, during maximal exercise, intercostal muscle blood flow is as high as during resting hyperpnoea at the same work of breathing. We hypothesized that during exercise, intercostal muscle blood flow would be limited by competition from the locomotor muscles. Intercostal (probe over the 7th intercostal space) and vastus ...

We tested hypothesis that cerebral deoxygenation near maximal exercise intensity is mediated by hyperventilation, via hypocapnia-induced reductions in cerebral blood flow, by utilizing canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to determine the relative influence of cardiopulmonary changes on cerebral oxygenation, as assessed by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Twenty-three subjects performed incremental exercise ...

We examined the contribution of alterations in central ventilatory control, static and dynamic respiratory mechanics and their interaction to exertional breathlessness in healthy human pregnancy. Detailed ventilatory, respiratory mechanical/muscular and perceptual responses to incremental cycle exercise were compared in the third trimester (TM(3)) and again approximately 5 months post-partum (PP) ...

The healthy human respiratory system has impressive ventilatory reserve and can easily meet the demands placed upon it by strenuous exercise. Several acute physiological adaptations during exercise ensure harmonious neuromechanical coupling of the respiratory system, which allow healthy humans to reach high levels of ventilation without perceiving undue respiratory discomfort ...

BACKGROUND: The present study investigated the effect of repeated hypercapnic challenges on the sensory (intensity [I]) and affective (unpleasantness [U]) dimensions of breathlessness. METHODS: Three subsequent rebreathing trials (Read, 1968) were administered to healthy men and women (n = 39). The I and U of breathlessness were rated every 20 ...

INTRODUCTION: Paramedics often encounter patients with difficult airways requiring emergent airway management. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare intubation utilizing the Airtraq with direct laryngoscopy (DL) in the manikin model. We evaluated the number of attempts, the time to successful intubation, and the Airtraq's learning curve. METHODS: ...

BACKGROUND: Field anesthesia machines (FAM) have been developed for remote locations where reliable supplies of compressed medical gases or electricity may be absent. In place of electricity, pneumatically controlled ventilators use compressed gas to power timing circuitry and actuate valves. We sought to determine the total O(2) consumption and ventilator ...

AIM: Indirect calorimetry during exercise provides two metabolic indices of substrate oxidation balance: the crossover point (COP) and maximum fat oxidation rate (LIPOXmax). We aimed to study the effects of the analytical device, protocol type and ventilatory response on variability of these indices, and the relationship with lactate and ventilation ...

A high respiratory rate associated with the use of small tidal volumes, recommended for acute lung injury (ALI), shortens time for gas diffusion in the alveoli. This may decrease CO(2) elimination. We hypothesized that a postinspiratory pause could enhance CO(2) elimination and reduce Pa(CO(2)) by reducing dead space in ALI. ...

BACKGROUND: Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is becoming a new medical imaging modality for continuous monitoring of regional lung function in the intensive care unit or operating room. The aim of our study was to evaluate the performance of EIT in detecting regional tidal volumes in patients during volume-controlled mechanical ventilation ...

Bag-valve-mask ventilation is a key component of life support, but only one handheld resuscitator is designed to operate in contaminated or toxic atmospheres. Following Institutional Review Board approval we determined the efficacy of this device. Twenty anaesthetists ventilated a modified manikin, either with or without a combination filter attached to ...

Electrocardiographic artifact is generally considered to be a nuisance. Respiratory artifact, however, is a physiologic signal that may carry useful diagnostic information. Our goal was to evaluate the characteristics, prevalence, and clinical significance of respiratory artifact observed in electrocardiograms (ECGs). ECGs exhibiting repetitive microoscillations were systematically collected. The morphologic characteristics ...

Cerebrovascular reactivity to changes in the partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (P(a,CO(2))) via limiting changes in brain [H(+)] modulates ventilatory control. It remains unclear, however, how exercise-induced alterations in respiratory chemoreflex might influence cerebral blood flow (CBF), in particular the cerebrovascular reactivity to CO(2). The respiratory chemoreflex system controlling ...

Inadequate ventilation is not usually considered an exercise-limiting factor because it is thought that the respiratory system's maximum ventilatory capacity is never reached during exercise. This so-called reserve can be defined as the difference between the ventilated volume, attained during a maximum voluntary ventilation manoeuvre (MVV) and the maximum ventilation ...

High arterial CO(2) pressure (P(a)CO(2)) measured in athletes during exercise suggests inadequate hyperventilation. End-tidal CO(2) pressure (P (ET)CO(2)) is used to estimate P(a)CO(2.) However, P(ET)CO(2) also depends on exercise intensity (CO(2) production, .VCO2) and ventilation efficiency (being P(ET)CO(2) function of respiratory rate). We evaluated P(ET)CO(2) as a marker, which combines ...

Tidal breaths are an important component of mechanical ventilation. However, an inappropriate tidal volume setting can overstretch and injure the lung. Maximal stretch, tidal stretch, frequency of stretch, and rate of stretch are all implicated in such injury. Clinical trials have shown that limiting maximal and tidal stretch improves outcomes, ...

Lung injury due to mechanical ventilation is associated with an impairment of endogenous surfactant. It is unknown whether this impairment is a consequence of or an active contributor to the development and progression of lung injury. To investigate this issue, the present study addressed three questions: Do alterations to surfactant ...