Interactions and interrelations between antihypertensive drugs (AHD) and physical exercise are discussed on the basis of experimental results and of literature data. In physically active subjects AHD should lower the arterial pressure not only at rest, but also during physical stress. On the other hand, antihypertensive treatment should not influence ...

Physical stress and strain was investigated in the work of cabin cleaner, waitress/waiter, domestic assistant, assistant cook and store assistant. During one work shift the heart rate and bad work postures were registered. The maximal oxygen consumption and the physical condition of the test subjects were assessed by a submaximal ...

The ability to perform physical activity, whether at work or as recreation, is an important aspect of human experience for men and women of all ages. The extension of the range of physical power output that characterizes improvement in "physical fitness" is a desirable goal for all. It helps to ...

Application of testosterone and/or physical exercise causes degenerative and then regenerative patterns of intracardiac sympathetic neurons. Observations in 3 stages (1, 3 and 6 weeks) illustrate the adaptative changes of sympathetic neurons as a response to these stimuli and show that the effects following testosterone application or physical exercise are ...

One of the primary manifestations of ageing is a reduced ability to respond to physiologic challenges. With aging, the ability to perform exercise and physical work declines and is reflected in the reduction in maximal oxygen consumption. Although this decline is influenced to some degree by the state of health ...

Basal metabolic rate (BMR) and the thermogenic effect of food (TEF) after a liquid mixed meal of 2092 kJ (500 kcal) were examined in physically well-trained, elderly men in comparison with sedentary weight- and age-matched controls. BMR tended to be higher and TEF was significantly higher in the physically well-trained ...

Between now and the end of the century, we can expect a 45% increase in the proportion of the population aged 85 and over. The age-related loss of muscle mass and diminishing exercise tolerance mean that a large and increasing number of elderly people will be living at or near ...

This paper reports the results of a natural experimental test of the hypothesis that elderly residents of rugged terrains are more physically fit than their counterparts in flat terrains due to the additional lifelong daily exertion occasioned by the inescapable need to walk up and down steep slopes. Cycle ergometer ...

Despite the increased public interest in being fit, there is no universally accepted definition of "fitness." Various reports equate fitness to oxygen consumption with exercise. This genetically determined V02 maximum is the limiting factor in high-intensity, short duration maximal aerobic exercise. For the nonathelete, however, this capacity may not be ...

A number of factors are known to influence drug sensitivity. These include biological variables such as genetics, age, endocrine status and gender, as well as environmental variables such as operant schedules, ambient temperature and sleep deprivation. Additional factors function as either biological or environmental variables in different situations. For example, ...

The responses of plasma testosterone (T), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) binding capacity, androstenedione (A), and luteinizing hormone (LH) to 21 km of marching exercise and to sleep deprivation stress were studied in army recruits. The effect of physical fitness on the exercise responses was evaluated, cross-sectionally, by comparing the stress ...

Heart rate and stroke volume were measured serially in subjects at rest in the sitting position and at the onset and end of a 6-minute period of upright bicycle exercise. Twenty-three subjects with normal pregnancy were studied in late gestation and again post partum. Rest and exercise cardiac outputs in ...

A pilot programme promoting fitness and exercise was launched through the local media in the Bournemouth area. The aim was to study the feasibility and effectiveness of a fitness testing programme as a trigger to increase exercise participation. Three hundred and eighty adult volunteers (male and female, all ages) undertook ...

"Physical activity," "exercise," and "physical fitness" are terms that describe different concepts. However, they are often confused with one another, and the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. This paper proposes definitions to distinguish them. Physical activity is defined as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in energy ...

This study examines sudden unexpected deaths in relation to strenuous exercise in the five years following the introduction of the Basic Fitness Test viz: 1978-82 and, by comparison with an identical study of the years 1968-77, shows that the annual exercise associated mortality rate rose from 3.5 per 100,000 before ...

Carotid baroreceptors were stimulated with neck suction in 47 healthy subjects. Pulse interval lengthening was measured and the time course of the response was evaluated. Eight intensities of neck chamber suction were applied to select a criterion for computing the "RR response" that gives a significant linear relationship with the ...

We studied the relationship between the physical exercise capacity and the orthostatic tolerance of physically average fit and very fit dayworkers at different times of the day. Six male railroad workers were physically very fit and six were averagely fit (mean of the maximal oxygen consumption 57.4 and 34.6 ml.kg-1.min-1, ...

Dance in its many forms has recently received much attention in the medical literature and considerable promotion in the lay press. This has been in keeping with current awareness of physical fitness, which has been the result of increasing evidence linking cardiovascular disease to physical inactivity, lack of cardiopulmonary fitness ...

The purpose of this paper is to identify competencies needed in the area of biomechanics for physical therapists. The discussion is divided into the following three areas: prevention of movement dysfunction, patient evaluation, and patient treatment. Clinical examples for each area are included. Physical therapists must understand normal biomechanical development, ...

Tested male Ss (N = 34) to determine how changes in the urinary excretion patterns of selected catecholamines and their metabolites affect the multivariate relationships involving variables that measure physical fitness condition and selected personality characteristics. Urine specimens were collected from each S after sleep and during occupational activities and ...

We describe analytical and numerical models to study gamete encounters in two and three dimensions between differently sized gametes without assuming pre-existing mating types. Our results indicate that an isogamous population can be successfully invaded by a gametangium if it produces gametes of a different size. The existence of a ...

Increasing numbers of women are embarking on more strenuous and constant exercise; their menstrual patterns are changing as a result. This review of the literature indicates that oligomenorrhoea and amenorrhoea in the physically active (particularly distance runners, gymnasts, ballet dancers and swimmers) are related to each woman's physiological and psychological ...

The aging process predisposes man to a greater concern for and sensitivity to his health and fitness. Regular exercise can improve and maintain an individual's general health regardless of the fitness level at the onset of the exercise regimen. We have noted that age does not significantly reduce the benefits ...

Physical therapists are well aware of the physiological responses to exercise. The process by which these underlying mechanisms contribute to the perceptual response of perceived exertion is generally less familiar. The purpose of this article is to summarize briefly some of the current major concepts about perceived exertion and to ...

Physical fitness is improved by manipulating the mode, frequency, intensity, and duration of exercise and its rate of progression. Well-documented guidelines can assist the primary care physician in outlining training programs for their healthy patients who wish to begin an exercise program to maintain or improve their physical fitness.

For maintaining and developing motor mobility in old age motor activity is essential. We can take from the phylogenesis and ontogenesis of the human being how important physical activity is for personality development and for maintaining physical fitness in old age. Many phenomena, which have so far been thought to ...

This experiment was run to further evaluate the role of individual difference factors in perception of heart beats (cardiac awareness). The present study examined 24 male subjects who showed high and moderate levels of physical fitness. Cardiac awareness was examined using Brener-Jones type discrimination trials. Subjects discriminated first while standing ...

Ninety to ninety-five men (aged 27 to 46 years) from the police academy were the study subjects. Their prior habits of physical exercise, estimated aerobic capacity (VO2max), muscular performance, and thickness of subcutaneous fat were determined. The policemen were taller (181 cm vs 175 cm) and heavier (84 kg vs ...

The Fishbein model was used to assess the impact of physical fitness evaluation with subsequent counselling by professional staff on individual intentions to exercise regularly. The subjects for this study were 172 self-selected adults seeking an evaluation of their current physical fitness. Experimental subjects were given a sequence of fitness ...

Regular exercise is important in a preventive approach to health care because it exerts a beneficial effect on many risk factors in the development of coronary heart disease. However, many Americans lack the skills required to devise and carry out a safe and effective exercise program appropriate for a life-time ...

The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy as well as the immediate possible cardiovascular risk of a geriatric exercise programme, administered without prior medical screening or evaluation of the exercise capacity of the participants, in improving cardiorespiratory fitness. Ambulatory electrocardiography performed during exercise on 6 randomly selected ...

Clinical and research evidence confirms that adequate physical exercise (1) counterbalances and delays the age-related changes in work capacity and physical performance, (2) develops, maintains and improves the range of motion, muscular strength, flexibility, balance, rhythm and endurance and (3) reduces the damage and disability of associated cardiovascular, musculo-skeletal and ...

The present study supported the finding of Bucher et al. (1976) that physical restraint can control pica. However, unlike the earlier study which additionally used a verbal reprimand, physical restraint alone was shown to be effective. Further, this study showed that while all three durations of physical restraint suppressed pica, ...

The Canadian Home Fitness Test has been administered to two large office populations on three occasions over a 9 month period. At the control company (87M, 89F), there was some improvement of test scores from the initial to the final visit (decrease of heart rate in 6th minute of exercise ...

Research with dairy cows was to determine whether dairy cows in confinement are in poor physical condition, if programmed exercise improves physical fitness, and which physiological measures are most useful indicators of physical fitness. If maintenance of physiologic homeostasis when an animal is under a work load is a valid ...

The prevalence of symptoms of anorexia nervosa among students majoring in the areas of dance, drama, physical education, and English was determined by using the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT). It was hypothesized that female students who might be prone to develop anorexia nervosa as indicated by anorectic symptoms on the ...

The purpose of the present work was to investigate the effect of exercise on the diurnal changes of electromechanical systolic time (QS2) in healthy men with different physical fitness (N = 20, PWC150-804.3 +/- 114.6 kpm/min), and with higher (N = 12, PWC150-881.3 +/- 71.8 kpm/min) and lower (N = ...

To investigate the influence of glucocorticoid levels on the physical working capacity, 18 trained and 18 untrained male subjects were examined before and after a short-term graded exercise test. By administration of dexamethasone during 3 days prior to the test or by injecting 25 U of corticotropin 30 min pre-exercise, ...

Seventeen young male subjects underwent a six-week training period and their physical fitness was examined using a bicycle ergometer test. Twelve subjects without any marked training served as controls. Venous blood was drawn immediately before and after exercise on a bicycle ergometer both before and after training. After exercise, the ...

Menstrual blood loss (MBL) was estimated before and after insertion of the U-coil progesterone-releasing device in 37 patients. The same procedure was carried out in 39 cases fitted with an inert U-coil IUD of the same size and shape. Blood loss was estimated by the atomic abosorption technique during the ...

Through disuse and aging, many muscles and joints in the elderly lose their flexibility and range of motion. A flexibility testing bench and a stretch bench were designed for measuring flexibility and supporting a variety of exercises to combat inelasticity. Flexibility is an essential component of physical fitness, regardless of ...

The classification of lower-limb disabilities is commonly based on the site of the spinal cord lesion or the amount of functional muscle. Another important variable in assessing wheelchair users is their ability to carry out the activities of daily living. The cardiorespiratory fitness of those with lower-limb disabilities is usually ...

The International Year of the Disabled Person has focused increased attention upon the fitness status of the wheelchair-confined. Review of the world literature indicates that cardio-respiratory assessment has been based relatively equally upon forearm cycling or wheelchair ergometry; each of these techniques have particular advantages. The evaluation of muscular strength ...

Presence of a circannual rhythm of physical fitness and tolerance of hypoxia was demonstrated. The rhythm of physical fitness had two peaks, in April and September. Using cosinor analysis the acrophase of the circannual rhythm was found to be on Aug. 10 with a 95% confidence limit (May 30-October 16), ...

The studies on the orthostatic tolerance during the hypodynamics exposure seem to be significant in connection with the selection, training and health maintenance of astronauts. Using male human subjects of various physical fitness levels, fluctuations of their physical fitness through 2 weeks of vigorous athletic training were measured in many ...

The effect of physical exercise on compensation for locomotor asymmetry after unilateral labyrinthectomy was studied in squirrel monkeys. Five monkeys were assigned to the motor-driven rotating cage exercise, and another five, non-exercise control. Daily exercise (cumulative time of 2 1/2 hours) was given for three weeks preoperatively and continuously (daily) ...

The ability of moderate to intense aerobic exercise to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) has been reported. Previous studies have focused on a single postexercise recovery period not considering the long-term effect of improved physical fitness on IOP. A total of 32 adult subjects, all having IOP's of greater than 18 ...

Apparently healthy middle-aged men (n = 175) were recruited from a population sample and completed questionnaires about habitual physical activity, smoking, beverage consumption and sleep habits. Body mass index (BMI), heart rate and blood pressure were measured at rest and during submaximal exercise; frequency of ventricular premature beats (VPB) on ...

This paper reports the outcome of an exercise in curve fitting to annual sets of Danish age-specific fertility rates for the years 1962 to 1971 by means of least squares. Functions fitted were a cubic spline, the Hadwiger and Coale-Trussell functions, the gamma and beta densities, two versions of a ...

Poor physical fitness of wheelchair-dependent individuals may result in excessive cardiorespiratory responses during locomotion. The purpose of this study was to develop and implement an interval training program (ITP) incorporating wheelchair ergometer (WERG) exercise to improve fitness for wheelchair activity. Of thirteen able-bodied female volunteers, seven were selected to participate ...