The aim of this study was to determine whether a single moderate-intensity exercise session induces renal injury based on various parameters that reflect kidney dysfunction, including urinary L-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP). Adult outpatients (n = 31) with chronic kidney disease (CKD) not receiving renal replacement therapy participated in this ...

Creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) are important biological markers of various myocardial disorders and exercise-induced muscle damage. Lycopene, on the other side, is a natural anti-oxidant with protective action against cardiovascular risk. Fifteen anaerobically trained athletes with elevated LDH and CPK baseline levels were enrolled in this study ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Maintenance hemodialysis (HD) patients universally suffer from excess toxin load. Hemodiafiltration (HDF) has shown its potential in better removal of small as well as large sized toxins, but its efficacy is restricted by inter-compartmental clearance. Intra-dialytic exercise on the other hand is also found to be effective for ...

The hypothesis that variability in individual's cardiac output response affects the kinetics of pulmonary O(2) uptake ( [Formula: see text] ) was tested by investigating the time constants of cardiac output (Q˙) adjustment (τ(Q)), of PCr splitting (τ(PCr)), and of phase II pulmonary O(2) uptake ( [Formula: see text] ) ...

BACKGROUND: Following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture, the knee becomes unstable with alterations in joint kinematics including anterior tibial displacement (ATD), and internal tibial rotation. Therapeutic exercises that promote faulty kinematics should be discouraged, especially early post-reconstruction, to avoid graft stretching and possibly longer-term osteoarthritis. Our study aimed to compare ...

Military aircrew members undergo regular aviation physiology training, including hypobaric chamber flight to demonstrate the effects of hypoxia at altitude on human physiology and to strengthen hypoxia awareness. Premature near syncope under hypoxia will jeopardize flight safety. However, the causes of such abnormality may not be apparent. We present a ...

Abstract Background: Strenuous exercise may trigger acute complications, such as exertional rhabdomyolysis and gastrointestinal complaint. As less is known about the potential renal impairment after long distance running, we assessed creatinine and neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) in serum (sNGAL) and urine (uNGAL) before and after an ultramarathon. Methods: The ...

Background and objective: Polymyositis (PM) is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy manifested by proximal limb muscles weakness, elevated creatinin kinase, electromyography changes, and muscle inflammation in biopsy. We report an instance of intensive rehabilitation therapy in a patient with clinically active polymyositis. Case report: A 19-year-old female patient, diagnosed with 'electromyography ...

The cytotoxic functions of NKs (natural killer cells) are critical in enabling the immune system to cope efficiently with malignancy. In the present study, we compared how various exercise regimens without/with hypoxia influence phenotypic characteristics of NK subsets and cytotoxicity of NKs to NPCs (nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells). A total of ...

Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is a common condition in both individuals with asthma and otherwise healthy elite athletes. Although excessive water loss by peripheral airways during hyperpnea is regarded as the initial trigger for EIB, the cascade of events that follows remains unclear. Our goal was to establish whether transient disruption ...

Cell-derived procoagulant microparticles (MP) might be able to contribute to exercise-induced changes in blood hemostasis. : This study aimed to examine (i) the concentration and procoagulant activity of cell-derived MP after a moderate endurance exercise and (ii) the differences in the release, clearance, and activity of MP before and after ...

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of moderate exercise on the production and secretion of IgA in mouse duodenum, on lymphocyte levels in the lamina propria, and on gene expression encoding for cytokines that regulate the synthesis of α-chain of IgA and the expression of ...

Alcohol consumption during pregnancy can result in a myriad of health problems in the affected offspring ranging from growth deficiencies to central nervous system impairments that result in cognitive deficits. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is thought to play a role in cognition (i.e. learning and memory) and can be modulated by ...

Amino acid transporters and mTORC1 signaling are important contributors to muscle protein anabolism. Aging is associated with reduced mTORC1 signaling following resistance exercise, but the role of amino acid transporters is unknown. Young (n=13; 28±2y) and older (n=13; 68±2y) subjects performed a bout of resistance exercise. Skeletal muscle biopsies (vastus ...

Low-glycemic index diets and exercise independently improve glucose tolerance and reduce diabetes risk. However, the combined effect of a low-glycemic index diet and exercise on inflammation and glucose metabolism is not known. Therefore, we randomized 28 insulin-resistant adults (age: 66 ± 1 y; BMI: 34.2 ± 0.7 kg · m(-2)) ...

In this study, we investigated the effects of treadmill exercise on calretinin (CR), a marker of early postmitotic neurons, immunoreactivity in the dentate gyrus (DG) of Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, before or after diabetes onset, and Zucker lean control (ZLC) rats. For this study, 6-week-old ZLC and prediabetic ZDF ...

Swim training exercise in mice leads to cardiac remodeling associated with an improvement in contractile function. Protein O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational modification of serine and threonine residues capable of altering protein-protein interactions affecting gene transcription, cell signaling pathways and general cell physiology. Increased levels of protein O-GlcNAcylation in the heart ...

This study investigated whether changes in the cellular composition of blood during exercise, could partly account for observations of exercise-induced changes in lymphocyte oxidative stress markers. Markers of oxidative stress were assessed before and after 60 minutes of intense treadmill running. Samples were collected from sixteen men (mean ± SD; ...

Abstract Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are thought to participate in endothelial cell regeneration and neovascularization in either a direct or an indirect way. The number of circulating EPCs is influenced by many factors like disease status, medication, age, and fitness level and is an independent predictor of disease progression and ...

Although glycogen is known to be heterogeneously distributed within skeletal muscle cells, there is presently little information available about the role of fibre types, utilization and resynthesis during and after exercise with respect to glycogen localization. Here, we tested the hypothesis that utilization of glycogen with different subcellular localizations during ...

Rebelo, AN, Ascensão, AA, Magalhães, JF, Bischoff, R, Bendiksen, M, and Krustrup, P. Elite futsal refereeing: activity profile and physiological demands. J Strength Cond Res 25(4): 980-987, 2011-The purpose of this study was to determine the physiological demands and to establish the relationship between activity profile and endurance capacity of ...

: The anticipation of exercise-induced stress influences performance during continuous exercise. However, not all exercise is continuous. This study explores the influence of prior knowledge of sprint number on mechanical work, surface EMG, and RPE during repeated-sprint exercise (RSE). : Fourteen athletes performed three RSE in random order. In one ...

Recently, the terms "stress mediators" or "danger signals" have come to be used to describe endogenous molecules that can be released in stress situations and activate the innate immune system even in the absence of antigenic stimuli. There is evidence suggesting that extracellular heat shock proteins of 72 kDa (eHsp72), ...

Exercise is reported to inhibit neuronal apoptotic cell death in the hippocampus and improve learning and memory. However, the effect of exercise on inhibition of neuronal apoptosis surrounding the area of damage after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the improvement of cerebral dysfunction following TBI are unknown. Here, we investigate ...

Endothelial dysfunction and plasma markers of inflammation are significantly increased in type 2 diabetics. Several proinflammatory cytokines, acute-phase proteins, and cell adhesion molecules, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukines (IL), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), seem to play a role in the low-grade systemic inflammation observed in these subjects. ...

Our goal was to extend our understanding of the neural changes behind motor recovery with treadmill exercise in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-lesioned mouse. We determined the extent of dopamine (DA) terminal changes using Western immunoblotting [striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)] and alterations in the mean number of DA ...

Intensive endurance exercise is known to induce lymphocyte apoptosis which might affect immune function. Less is known about the effects of resistance exercise on apoptosis and the underlying mechanisms. In this study, subjects performed an intensive resistance test (IRT) and a moderate resistance test (MRT) and lymphocyte apoptosis, apoptosis related ...

A high-fat diet (HFD) is associated with adipose inflammation, which contributes to key components of metabolic syndrome, including obesity and insulin resistance. The increased visceral adipose tissue mass associated with obesity is the result of hyperplasia and hypertrophy of adipocytes. To investigate the effects of exercise on HFD-induced metabolic disorders, ...

The purpose of this study was to: (1) determine energy expenditure (EE) during a range of active video games (AVGs) and (2) determine whether EE during AVGs is influenced by gaming experience or fitness. Twenty-six boys (11.4±0.8 years) participated and performed a range of sedentary activities (resting, watching television and ...

Cellular senescence is a potent tumour suppressor mechanism that is often accompanied by activation of DNA damage response (DDR) signalling and marked heterochromatinization. Senescence-associated heterochromatin is now shown to limit DDR, thus reducing apoptosis and promoting survival of senescent cells.

: To examine the relationship between upper respiratory illness (URI) incidence with changes in mucosal immunity (saliva immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) and saliva lysozyme (s-Lys)) and training load (TL) in a squad of elite rugby union players. : Timed resting morning saliva samples were taken from players (n = 31) at ...

To determine and compare the erythropoietic response and exercise performance of adolescent cross-country skiers, as a result of "living high-training high" (HH) and "living high-training low" (HL). Nine female and six male adolescent cross-country skiers volunteered to participate in separate trials. In the first trial (HH), the skiers lived and ...

Wong, P-L, Lau, PWC, Mao, DW, Wu, YY, Behm, DG, and Wisløff, U. Three days of static stretching within a warm-up does not affect repeated-sprint ability in youth soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 25(3): 838-845, 2011-This study aimed to examine the repeated-sprint ability (RSA) in soccer players after 3 ...

In clinical trials as well as in several animal experiments it is evident that physical exercise is a powerful tool to positively influence the development and/or progression of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD). The main target of physical exercise seems to be the maintenance of an intact endothelial cell ...

Early adverse experiences resulting from maternal separation may lead to neuronal cell death and they can eventually cause memory impairment. In this study, we investigated the effects of postnatal treadmill exercise on the long-term memory capability, spatial learning ability, and depressive state, on the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) synthesis and tryptophan ...

The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of either a standard care programme (n = 9) or a 12-week supported exercise programme (n = 10) on glycaemic control, β-cell responsiveness, insulin resistance, and lipid profiles in newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes patients. The standard care programme consisted of advice to exercise ...

Background: Increased plasma levels of inflammatory markers and markers of endothelial cell activation have been associated with increased risk for cardiovascular events. Exercise training may lower the risk for coronary heart disease by attenuating inflammation and improving endothelial function. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of regular ...

Background: Endothelial dysfunction and injury are considered to contribute considerably to the development and progression of atherosclerosis. It has been suggested that intense exercise training can increase the number and angiogenic properties of early endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). However, whether exercise training stimulates the capacity of early EPCs to promote ...

BACKGROUND: Increased plasma concentrations of cell-free DNA (cf-DNA) are considered a hallmark of various clinical conditions. Despite intensive research in this field, limited data are available concerning the time course of release and clearance of cf-DNA in vivo. METHODS: We extracted cf-DNA from plasma samples taken before and immediately after ...

Exercise training improves endothelial function in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) through functional enhancement of circulating angiogenic cells and increased numbers of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPC). In contrast to healthy subjects, an immediate effect of acute exercise on CD34(+)/KDR(+) EPC is absent in CHF. Whether this reflects an ...

The hormetic effects of exercise training have previously been shown to enhance cellular protection against oxidative stress. Therefore, adaptations to exercise training may attenuate the harmful effects of radiation induced by oxidative stress. Flow cytometric analysis of genotoxicity (γH2AX foci and micronucleated reticulocytes (MN-RET)) and cytotoxicity (apoptosis and percentage of ...

Fanchini, M, Azzalin, A, Castagna, C, Schena, F, McCall, A, and Impellizzeri, FM. Effect of bout duration on exercise intensity and technical performance of small-sided games in soccer J Strength Cond Res 25(2): 453-458, 2011-To examine whether the increase in bout duration would affect the exercise intensity and technical actions, ...

Some athletes are diagnosed as suffering from sports anemia because of iron deficiency, but the regulatory mechanism remains poorly understood. It is reported that hepcidin may provide a way to illuminate the regulatory mechanism of exercise-associated anemia. Here the authors investigate the hepcidin-involved iron absorption in exercise-associated anemia. Twelve male ...

The simple cerebellar lobule is involved in several neuromotor processes and it is activated during guided exercise. Although guided exercises are essential for motor rehabilitation, the plastic events that occur in the simple cerebellar lobule during motor training remain unknown. In this study, normal adult rats were intensely trained on ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Horses and humans share a natural proclivity for athletic performance. In this respect, horses can be considered a reference species in studies designed to optimize physical training and disease prevention. In both species, interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays a major role in regulating the inflammatory process induced during exercise as ...

Background: For several hours after exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, there is diminished responsiveness to repeated challenge. The mechanism causing this refractoriness is unclear. Inhalation of dry powder mannitol is a new bronchial provocation test that has been suggested as a surrogate for an exercise challenge. Refractoriness to repeated mannitol challenge has however ...

Alaskan racing sled dogs are a well-established model of exercise-induced gastric disease. The aim of this study was to define the temporal development of microscopical gastric lesions during long distance racing. Two groups of dogs were examined: group I comprised conditioned dogs that were exercising and group II were conditioned ...

Exercise activates adrenergic and purinergic pathways that regulate activity of ion channels on airway epithelia cells and sweat glands. We hypothesize, therefore, that exercise is not only an important therapy for cystic fibrosis (CF) patients by facilitating systemic improvements; but more importantly, exercise can improve the pathophysiological ion dysregulation at ...

New neurons are continuously born in the hippocampus of several mammalian species throughout adulthood. Adult neurogenesis represents a natural model for understanding how to grow and incorporate new nerve cells into preexisting circuits in the brain. Finding molecules or biological pathways that increase neurogenesis has broad potential for regenerative medicine. ...

Endurance exercise is known to enhance peripheral insulin sensitivity and reduce insulin secretion. However, it is unknown if the latter effect is due to the reduction in plasma substrate availability or alterations in β -cells secretory machinery. Here, we tested the hypothesis that endurance exercise reduces insulin secretion by altering ...