Constrained body postures are usually cited as the major cause of musculoskeletal static loading. Thus, the main goal of the present study was to develop a ranking system for the stressfulness of the non-neutral static postures around the wrist, elbow, shoulder, neck and lower back. This was based on the ...

To examine the relationship between society stress and peptic ulcer perforation, time-trend analysis was performed on the annual incidence of perforated peptic ulcer per 100,000 population in Hong Kong during the years 1962-85, when Hong Kong, as a developing city, went through significant socio-economic and political changes, and the trend ...

A Blow-Fill-Seal machine, set to aseptically fill sterile liquid TSB medium into 20 ml plastic containers, was subjected to a series of environmental microbial challenges in order to evaluate the effects of the room environment, and of the actions of persons in the room, on the sterility of the product. ...

It has been suggested that, premenstrually, women are more vulnerable to the effects of stress. It has also been proposed that the fitter the individual is, the less the body responds to, and the more quickly it recovers from, a stressful experience. The present study investigated whether premenstrual sensitivity to ...

Arbutamine is a new, potent, short-acting synthetic catecholamine developed specifically for use as a cardiac stress agent. Previous reports on the accuracy of arbutamine for the detection of coronary artery disease have relied on heart rate (HR) increases similar to those seen at peak exercise. This study was undertaken to ...

The changes of hormonal and autonomic nervous systems in trained and untrained elderly people were studied. An exercise tolerance test was used as a model of physical stress. Elderly people were more sensitive to the influence of stress factors. The hemodynamic reaction at the same workload was more economical in ...

During training at sea, two missile carrier vessels crashed at rather high speed on November 14, 1991. One of the vessels (HMS Luleå) was seriously damaged by the other (HMS Nynäshamn), and one conscripted seaman was killed. Both vessels had a complete crew of 29 each, 15 of whom were ...

The purposes of this study were to determine the effect of an exhaustive running bout on intrinsic myocardial function by using the isolated working rat heart and to determine whether exhaustive exercise resulted in measurable oxidative stress in the myocardium. Untrained familiarized male rats were run at 18 m/min on ...

A stress management protocol was adapted for use with schizophrenia patients. Elements included short group sessions, reinforcement of stress reduction skills, modified breathing and relaxation exercises, and capillary blood-flow monitoring for quick feedback. The patients demonstrated ability to participate in the group and to learn certain stress management techniques adapted ...

The effects of combined physical and psychological stress on cardiovascular and respiratory responses were examined. Thirty-six undergraduate men performed a mental arithmetic task and moderate aerobic exercise, separately and in combination, while physiological measures were recorded continuously using electrocardiography, impedance cardiography, and respiratory gas analysis techniques. Cardiovascular responses during the ...

The stress-induced changes in peripheral benzodiazepine receptors (PBR) can be observed in a number of different tissues, depending upon the nature and chronicity of the aversive experience. In addition, virtually all stress procedures that cause rapid changes in PBR simultaneously increase the physical activity or metabolic rate of the subjects. ...

The effect of occupational stress on menstrual cycle length was studied prospectively. The hypothesis that occupational stress has a direct or indirect effect on cycle length was tested using path analysis. Twice the number of women involved in active farm, craft, or household work had significantly longer cycle lengths than ...

Cardiovascular reactivity (CVR) to stressful stimuli is predictive of future development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Anger appears to be an important mediator of this relationship. Unfortunately, the majority of research in this area has utilized predominantly male subjects, leaving the relationship between CVD and anger in females largely unexplored. To ...

We evaluated the influence of sympathetic stimulation, induced by mental stress test, on signal-averaged ECG in 30 healthy subjects and in 30 patients with previous myocardial infarction. Both patient and control groups underwent three consecutive signal-averaged ECG: under basal conditions, during a continuous mental stress test, and 5 min after ...

The effect of inbreeding on survival after a short-term heat shock was tested for two age groups of the cactophilic fruit fly, Drosophila buzzatii, reared under nonstress conditions. Four inbreeding levels (F = 0, F = 0.25, F = 0.375, F = 0.5) were generated by outcrossing or full-sib mating. ...

Previous research indicates that observed correlations between self-reports of job stress and self-reports of strain may be reduced after partialling out the variance due to the personality trait of negative affectivity. The present study examined the effect of negative affectivity on the relationships between self-reports of exercise and strain in ...

A stressor above a threshold magnitude, or multiple stressors applied simultaneously, cause an organism to alter its behaviour and physiology, with the aim of maintaining homeostasis. The adaptive changes that occur are coordinated and mediated by the stress system in the central nervous system (which includes corticotrophin-releasing hormone and noradrenergic ...

This study examined (1) the relationships between electromyographic-measured nocturnal bruxism, self-reported stress, and several personality variables, and (2) the relationship between belief in a stress-bruxism relationship and self-reported stress. One hundred adult bruxers completed a battery of personality questionnaires, indicated whether they believed in a stress-bruxism relationship, presented for a ...

The effectiveness of two methods of training in reducing biomechanical stress during lifting was examined in a sample of 12 men aged 18-40 years. Subjects carried out three 40 min sessions, one session per day, of a simple symmetrical lifting task. No training was given before the first session, which ...

Diet, exercise and stress are widely acknowledged to affect the timing and course of pubertal development and menstrual cyclicity in girls. However, the mechanisms by which this occurs and the long-term effects of such alterations are incompletely understood. Several recent reports which contribute to our understanding of normal events and ...

The stress response is a protective system that defends the body from external and internal threats. When the body is confronted with an over-whelming threat, the response becomes uncontrolled, resulting in damage to the body and frequently death. Knowledge of the strengths and pitfalls of this system is important in ...

We describe here one instance of an acute occlusion of an angioplastied LAD coronary artery occurring during a treadmill stress test performed 2 d after the procedure. The occlusion occurred during the recovery period after a reasonably high level of stress was achieved without evidence of ischaemia. Similar instances described ...

Pigs, crossbreeds of Swedish Landrace and Yorkshire, about 6 months old and susceptible to develop malignant hyperthermia when exposed to halothane, were subjected to a 12-min experimental stress provoked by the myorelaxant succinylcholine. The experimental pigs were pre-treated before the stress: five were given propranolol for one week, six were ...

Adults with epilepsy completed self-report measures of exercise participation, barriers to exercise, stressful life experience, depression, and general psychosocial adjustment (n = 133) as part of routine outpatient visits. Descriptive statistics showed lower levels of depression among patients who exercised regularly. Structural equation analyses confirmed the fit of a path ...

The gastrointestinal tract is a major immunologic organ that must be maximally supported during critical illness. Gastrointestinal tissues require direct contact with nutrients to support their own rapid cellular turnover rate and carry out the multitude of metabolic and immunologic functions needed for successful adaptation to stress. Disruption in the ...

The lipolytic and the cardiac responses to 30 min of two different forms of stress--a standardized mental stress test and submaximal bicycle exercise--were investigated in non-obese healthy subjects. This was done by microdialysis of the extracellular space in the abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue in order to determine lipolysis and electrocardiographic ...

The tissue concentrations of adenosine nucleotides in the sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima were determined during laboratory manipulations simulating natural environmental stresses: desiccation at low and high air temperatures, increased seawater temperature, mechanical disturbance causing column contraction, and starvation. The levels of adenylates significantly decreased during anemone desiccation, column contraction, and ...

In the stress concept, fight and flight situations as well as other CNS-controlled reaction patterns for alertness to danger have to be followed by or integrated with a restorative "build-up" process in order to maintain homeostasis. The "build-up" process can be studied physiologically for example after regular exercise or training. ...

Postemergent salmonid fry experience a "critical period" in their development, during which there may be a high mortality rate, so determining the long-term success of the year class. The mechanism(s) underlying this phenomenon are not fully understood but physiological stress may be a contributory factor. This study sought to establish ...

The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the interrelation between stress and coaches' behavior during rest periods. Subjects were 154 German coaches who completed the Rest Period Questionnaire and a Bibliographic Questionnaire for Coaches designed to attribute stress to coaches' behavior during rest periods. Analysis indicated that coaches ...

This study, using 12 train drivers on a high speed track and 11 drivers on a mountain track, tried to differentiate between the physical, emotional, mental, and subjective workload components imposed on the drivers during work. With the simultaneous recording and on-line analysis of heart rate and physical activity, the ...

Sympathetic nervous system reactivity to stress is though to increase with age in humans. We tested this hypothesis by recording postganglionic sympathetic nerve activity to skeletal muscle (MSNA) (peroneal microneurography) and by measuring plasma norepinephrine concentrations (PNE), heart rate, and arterial pressure before (prestress control) and during cognitive challenge (mental ...

The combination of calorie deprivation and forced evasion is a unique and severe stress. The physiologic adaptations which occur under these conditions are complex. Performance decrements and psychological changes are evident within 24 hours of cessation of nutritional intake. Although marked losses of both lean tissue and total body mass ...

To understand why someone is dyspneic during exercise, we need to follow the advice of Sir Francis Bacon: "No natural phenomenon can be adequately studied in itself alone, but to be understood must be considered as it stands connected with all of nature." In the present context, this implies the ...

Using calibrated point sources as an external standard to convert single-photon emission tomography (SPET) brain counts into absolute values of regional brain uptake (rBU) of technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO), the relative contribution of different parameters to interindividual variability of cerebellar rBU was examined in 33 healthy volunteers. Stepwise regression ...

Exercise intolerance results when a subject is unable to sustain a required work rate sufficiently long for the successful completion of the task. The ability to sustain muscular exercise depends in large part on the ability to transport oxygen to its site of utilization as the terminal oxidant of the ...

A material subjected to traction stress increases in length; if we maintain the elongation constant, the stress varies over a period of time. This phenomenon has been referred to as relaxation. The purpose of this study was to define a mathematical law that relates the variation in stress to time ...

An attempt was made to replicate arousing and de-arousing effects of cigarette smoking originally reported by Golding and Mangan. Changes in electrodermal activity, heart rate, and magnitude in the EEG alpha (7.5-11.5 Hz) and beta (13.5-20 Hz) bands were measured under conditions of both mild sensory isolation as well as ...

Early psychopathology outcomes were compared in troops mobilized for Persian Gulf graves registration duty but differentiated by war-zone deployment. Constructs of interest were Axis I psychiatric disorders, particularly posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), negative affect states, and somatic complaints. Psychometric instruments, including the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R, were administered to ...

We compared the results of a rest 201TI/stress 99mTc-MIBI protocol, both by means of separate single isotope and simultaneous dual isotope acquisition, with a standard stress/rest 99mTc-MIBI 2-day protocol in 11 patients with low probability of CAD and 14 patients with chronic CAD. In patients with CAD 406 segments (sgs) ...

PURPOSE: To study the usefulness of stress radiography for evaluation of injury to the medial collateral ligament (MCL). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-two injured athletes and four healthy athletes without symptoms underwent examination performed with a stress device. The increase in joint space width between the medial epicondyle and coronoid process, ...

Neonatal rat calvarial cells (osteoblast-enriched) were cultured in monolayer on glass slides and subjected to a step increase in shear stress ranging from 3 to 60 dyne/cm2 in a laminar flow chamber. The level of intracellular free calcium ion concentration was monitored using Fura-2 fluorescence during the application of stress. ...

OBJECTIVES: We sought to evaluate in the young heart the primary assumptions on which the current use of the mean "velocity of fiber shortening corrected for heart rate" as a noninvasive index of contractility are based. BACKGROUND: End-systolic wall stress-velocity of fiber shortening relation has been applied as a single-beat, ...

BACKGROUND: The purposes of this study were to determine the extent to which exercise stress testing is performed by family physicians; whether rural physicians are more likely to utilize exercise stress testing than their urban counterparts; and what factors influence their decisions. METHODS: A random sample of 211 practicing members ...

Forty patients with coronary artery disease and 15 normal subjects (group C) were studied to assess the influence of the site of stress-induced myocardial ischemia on cardiovascular response after exercise. Patients were divided in 2 groups according to myocardial thallium-201 scintigraphy: those with an anteroseptal reversible perfusion defect (group A; ...

Previous work has demonstrated that photochemically induced oxidative stress generated with 4 microM riboflavin in a 4% oxygen atmosphere utilizing daylight type radiation is capable of causing cataract in cultured rat lenses. Such cataract is prevented by the GSH peroxidase type mimic, AL-3823A. Examination of the early stages of cataract ...

Four individuals with frequent recurrences of genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) were trained in Applied Relaxation (AR). Participants included in the research had been diagnosed with herpes at least 1 year prior to the study, experienced six or more outbreaks annually, and were not taking antiviral medications. The experiment employed ...

The present study assessed the effects of 40 min of tail shock stress (1-s shock, 0.2 mA every 30 s) on renal and cardiovascular function in swim-trained (T), water-immersed (IM), and untrained (UT) borderline hypertensive rats (BHR). T BHR swam for 2 h/day 5 days/wk for 10-12 wk, whereas IM ...

In order to determine whether treatment of hyperlipidaemia with simvastatin impairs exercise stress responses and so may contribute to an excess of suicides and violent deaths, the effects of simvastatin 20 mg daily and placebo on exercise physiology were compared in 19 patients. After 6 weeks of treatment there was ...

The effects of exercise and stress on regional and whole body adiposity were examined in an established animal model of diet-induced coronary artery atherosclerosis, the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). A total of 79 adult male monkeys were assigned to four experimental groups after baseline stabilization and training: (i) exercise, stress, ...