Acetylcholine was detected and measured in the ganglia (60-80 nmol/g), in the heart (10-15 nmol/g) and in the adductor muscles (4-5 nmol/g) of the bivalve Anodonta cygnea L. using gas chromatographic determination. Treatment of the animals with low concentration of heavy metals, which cause change in the behaviour, resulted in ...

Changes in left ventricular (LV) ejection rate were evaluated during supine bicycle exercise and recovery in 12 patients with anterior myocardial infarction. Pulmonary artery wedge pressure (34 +/- 9 to 14 +/- 5 mm Hg) and plasma norepinephrine level decreased at 2 min recovery from peak exercise, whereas plasma lactate ...

The sickle cell trait (HbAS) does not seem to affect exercise performance. It remains unclear, however, whether the capability to sustain repeated brief maximal effort and recovery by HbAS subjects, is also preserved. To study this, nine HbAS and nine matched controls underwent on two different occasions, a series of ...

We have studied the onset, duration of action and recovery index of twice the ED90 of rocuronium (Org 9426) (0.6 mg kg-1) and of vecuronium (0.08 mg kg-1) in patients during enflurane anaesthesia. Rocuronium had a significantly shorter mean onset time of 1.8 (SD 0.4) min, compared with vecuronium 3.4 ...

We determined transaminases in human blood serum with an amperometric glutamate biosensor. The probe was a hydrogen peroxide sensor assembled with appropriate selective membranes to enhance the probe specificity and lifetime. Calibration curves of glutamate were linear in the range 1-1000 mumol/L, with a response time of < 1 min. ...

Intense exercise to exhaustion is expected to be associated with rapid and large changes in glucose production (Ra) and utilization (Rd). To quantify these, and to determine their mechanisms and those of the prolonged postexercise hyperglycemia, we measured circulating metabolic regulators and glucose kinetics, the latter by the method of ...

Native and cryptic Met-enkephalin and catecholamines are coreleased in response to stress. However, it is not known whether Met-enkephalin and catecholamines exhibit concurrent temporal relationships in response to exercise. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the corelease of catecholamines and Met-enkephalin in endurance-trained (n = 6) and untrained ...

Juvenile rainbow trout (approximately 6 g) were exercised to exhaustion in two 5 min bouts given 6 h apart. Resting levels of whole-body lactate and glycogen were restored prior to the second bout. The rate of O2 consumption increased about threefold 5 min after each bout of exercise, while recovery ...

We have studied the effect of doxapram on the rates of spontaneous and neostigmine-induced recovery from neuromuscular block with atracurium and vecuronium, by measurement of the time to recovery of T1 (first twitch in the train-of-four) from 25 to 75% of control (recovery index, RI). After each neuromuscular blocking drug, ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether or not the type of activity performed during recovery might influence the magnitude of catecholamine outflow following exercise. Six active, male volunteers between 40-52 years recovered from strenuous treadmill exercise in three different ways; standing, supine rest and walking (2 mph, ...

Previous clinical studies on the train-of-four (TOF) fade have used different recording techniques, anesthesia agents and muscles for measurement, thus comparison of the results has become difficult. On 49 surgical patients divided into 6 groups, we compared: 1) The TOF fade ratios (T4/T1) produced by d-tubocurarine (dTc), pancuronium (P), atracurium ...

Eight healthy women who were not conditioned athletes, at 35-38 weeks' gestation, performed a submaximal bicycle exercise test three times for 4 minutes each with stepwise increases (73 +/- 27, 114 +/- 29, and 161 +/- 16 W) of the work load. The target heart rate at the end of ...

Perceptual and physiological congruity was examined during recovery from high-intensity dynamic exercise. Nine males (24.8 +/- 0.6 yr; VO2max; 52.3 +/- 1.5 ml.kg-1.min-1) undertook in random order four maximal treadmill protocols. Treadmill speed was held constant (5.3 km.h-1) while grade was incremented by 2, 4, 6, or 8% every 3 ...

Arterial pH, PCO2, standard bicarbonate, lactate, and ventilation were measured with a high sampling density during rest, exercise, and recovery in normal subjects performing upright cycle ergometer exercise. Three 6-min constant-work exercise tests (moderate, heavy, and very heavy) were performed by each subject. We found a small respiratory acidosis during ...

Recovery from muscle fatigue after exercise is known to have two beneficial effects: improved blood lactate elimination and a central nervous recuperation of the capacity for exercise. This study indicates circulatory mechanisms that might limit active recovery. Ten subjects were seated on a cycle ergometer and performed arm cranking exercise ...

Structural recovery in the rat somatosensory thalamus after the loss of one of its major inputs provided a model for studying the changes in astrocytes associated with reactive synaptogenesis. The temporal separation of the initiation of Wallerian degeneration and reactive synaptogenesis permitted astrocytic changes to be correlated either with the ...

Using a recently developed nonlinear algorithm which identifies reference points on left ventricular pressure waveforms and other waveforms, we analyzed heart rate recovery in ponies after strenuous treadmill exercise. Each pony performed exercise tests with and without premedication with atropine methyl nitrate. Resting and exercise heart rates were 54 +/- ...

The increased metabolic and respiratory demand during naloxone recovery from opioid-based anesthesia could be related to the return of thermoregulation in hypothermic patients and thus be avoided by preventing intraoperative hypothermia. In this study, we measured O2 uptake (VO2) during naloxone-induced recovery in two groups of patients to determine the ...

We evaluated the experimental hypothesis that an acute bout of aerobic exercise (AE) serves as a buffer to psychosocial stress responses in low to moderate physically fit women. Forty-eight (24 White, 24 Black) 25- to 40-year-old women participated in two counterbalanced experimental conditions: an attention control and a 40-min bout ...

Six healthy men performed sustained static handgrip exercise for 2 min at 40% maximal voluntary contraction followed by a 6-min recovery period. Heart rate (fc), arterial blood pressures, and forearm blood flow were measured during rest, exercise, and recovery. Potassium ([K+]) and lactate concentrations in blood from a deep forearm ...

We examined the effects of chronic exercise training on sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca uptake, spontaneous SR Ca release, and whole-cell currents in coronary smooth muscle cells. Single coronary artery smooth muscle cells demonstrated increases in intracellular free Ca (Cai) during depolarization (measured with fura-2) that were abolished by diltiazem (10(-4) ...

Cardiovascular responses during passive recovery following exercise-induced hyperthermia were investigated in male subjects (n = 8) on two separate occasions; once with facial cooling (FC; 2 degrees C, 2.5 m/s) and once without (NC). Recovery heart rate (HR) responses were significantly (p less than 0.05) lower during the FC than ...

In this study lactate removal rates were monitored in ten subjects during a 30-min recovery period following exhaustive arm exercise. Each subject experienced three recovery regimens on different occasions in random order. One recovery period consisted of supine rest while the other two were active, one incorporating low intensity arm ...

The nature of the control of hippocampal formation field activity [theta (theta) and large-amplitude irregular activity (LIA)] and theta-on/theta-off cell discharges by an ascending hypothalamo-septal pathway was investigated in urethane-anesthetized rats. Electrical stimulation of the dorsomedial-posterior hypothalamus in the range of 0.1-1.0 mA in 0.1-mA steps produced theta in the ...

To assess whether the duration of ischemic ST segment depression after exercise can be modified by changes in body position during recovery or with different types of exercise, 18 patients with chronic stable angina, positive exercise test results, and documented coronary artery disease were prospectively studied. Every patient underwent testing ...

We studied rhesus monkeys with hemiparkinsonism or bilateral parkinsonism produced by unilateral or bilateral intracarotid administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. Using a standardized clinical rating scale, 4 hemiparkinsonian monkeys showed a 13 to 56% (mean, 36%) spontaneous improvement during an observation period of up to 25 weeks. Generally, recovery leveled off after ...

H-reflex recovery, H-amplitude and H/M ratio were recorded in 54 mice aged 3-12 weeks to study the motoneuron excitability and changes in it during various stages of development. The H-reflex recovery curve at 12 wk showed 3 phases: an early, relative facilitation (before 10 ms), an almost total inhibition at ...

A 5 min bout of exhaustive exercise in 2-3 g rainbow trout resulted in a 2.0-2.5 fold increase in oxygen consumption (MO2), a 5-fold increase in whole-body lactate (LAC) levels and a near depletion in whole-body glycogen (GLY), ATP and creatine phosphate (CP) stores; glucose, ADP and AMP did not ...

BACKGROUND: The mechanisms underlying repetitive activity during reperfusion of ischemic myocardium are thought to include triggered responses elicited at short pacing cycle lengths. The potential to generate repetitive responses at longer pacing cycle lengths under similar conditions, however, has not been explored. Thus, the present study examined the role of ...

The individual anaerobic threshold (IAT) is defined as the highest metabolic rate at which blood lactate (LA) concentrations are maintained at a steady-state during prolonged exercise. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of active and passive recovery on the determination of IAT following both a submaximal ...

The purpose of this study was to determine the validity and practicality of exponential vs linear backward extrapolation of the O2 recovery curve for prediction of exercise oxygen consumption (VO2). Eight men and women, age 20.1, 0.9 years, body mass 66.0, 2.5 kg (mean, SEM), completed seven bouts of cycle ...

Intrusive displacement of 7 incisors was measured before and within 3 min of extraction. A substantial increase in intrusion with recovery from loads of 4 N followed replacement of the incisors. These changes are taken to indicate that tension is an important mechanism of support in the intact periodontal ligament.

Metabolic and endocrine responses of 14 subjects of varying levels of fitness to an intensive anaerobic interval training session were assessed before exercise and at 2 h, 4 h, 8 h and 24 h postexercise. The endocrine response of the same subjects to a control day, where they were required ...

Despite similar rates of energy expenditure during training, it has been suggested that swimmers store greater amounts of body fat than runners. To investigate these discrepancies, eight male swimmers (S) and runners (R) were monitored during 45 min of swimming or running (75% VO2max), respectively, and six triathletes were monitored ...

This study was designed to determine whether prostaglandins can stimulate the repair of human duodenal epithelium. Ten healthy volunteers were given 50 ml 40% ethanol through an endoscope onto the duodenal mucosa 1-7 cm from the pyloric sphincter; 3 min later, misoprostol (200 micrograms) or inert vehicle (5 ml) was ...

The cholesteryl-14C-octanoate breath test was used to monitor the intraluminal enzymatic activity of pancreatin preparations in six patients with severe pancreatic insufficiency. Conventional enzyme replacement, with cimetidine as an adjunct, was compared to supplementation with enteric coated microspheres. In healthy control subjects, 14CO2 excretion rose rapidly and peaked at 90-120 ...

1. We have examined the relationship between ventilation (VE), lactate (La) and arterial plasma K+ concentrations [( K+]a) during incremental exercise in six normal subjects and in four subjects with McArdle's syndrome (myophosphorylase deficiency) who do not become acidotic during exercise. 2. In normal subjects, [K+]a rose to ca 7 ...

Postoperative neuromuscular block (NMB) was evaluated in 60 children who received randomly either atracurium or alcuronium to induce and maintain an 85-95 per cent NMB during balanced anaesthesia. The EMG-monitor was turned away from the anaesthetist 10-15 min before the end of surgery. The average NMB was comparable between the ...

The purpose of this study was to compare and contrast aortic blood flow kinetics during recovery from intense aerobic (maximal oxygen uptake test) and anaerobic (Wingate anaerobic power test) exercise. Fifteen healthy male subjects (VO2max = 56.1 +/- 5.8 mk/kg/min) participated in this study. Beat-to-beat peak aortic blood flow velocity ...

Plasma concentrations of beta-endorphin were assayed in 10 sheep during the conscious state and in relation to electrical stunning. There was a 2 fold increase after stunning, and a further elevation following recovery. On this basis it is possible that recovery from electrical stunning at slaughter may cause undue distress, ...

The directional response of human left ventricular stroke volume during exercise recovery is unclear. Stroke volume has been reported to increase and decrease over exercise values during early recovery. The confounding variable may be posture. With the use of pulsed Doppler ultrasound, we tested the hypothesis that there is a ...

Inductively coupled plasma atomic-emission spectrometry has been used to study the removal of chromium, principally in the sexivalent oxidation state, from solution by an algal biomass, Chlorella vulgaris, and its subsequent recovery. Binding of the chromium at the 5-100 mug/ml level was maximal (75%) at pH 3 within 3 min, ...

The exchange of ions between blood and inactive muscle was studied in healthy males (n = 11) who performed four 30-s bouts of maximum isokinetic leg exercise, with 4 min of rest between bouts; recovery was followed for 90 min. Blood was sampled from the brachial artery and antecubital vein ...

In order to evaluate reversal time from very intense neuromuscular blockade caused by a continuous infusion of atracurium, the time course of neostigmine induced reversal from different levels of neuromuscular blockade was evaluated using the post-tetanic count (PTC) and the train-of-four (TOF) in 30 patients anesthetized with nitrous oxide, fentanyl, ...

We have investigated the role of triglyceride-fatty acid cycling in amplifying control of the net flux of fatty acids in response to exercise and in recovery from exercise. Five normal volunteers were infused with [1-13C]palmitate and D-5-glycerol throughout rest, 4 h of treadmill exercise at 40% maximum O2 consumption, and ...

In 8 cases of typical neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA), noradrenaline (NA), and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol (MHPG) levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were assayed during both the active phase of NMS and after recovery. Compared with levels in normal control subjects the levels of HVA ...

The relation between plasma concentration and the effects of atracurium was studied in seven patients anaesthetised with thiopentone, fentanyl and nitrous oxide-oxygen. The response to train-of-four stimulation at ten-second intervals with tetanic stimuli applied every five minutes were recorded. The first sign of transmission returning after complete blockade was usually ...

The purpose of this study was to compare the relationship of ventilation (VE) with pH, arterial concentrations of potassium [( K+]a), bicarbonate [( HCO3-]a), lactate [( la]a), and acid-base parameters which would affect hyperpnoea during exercise and recovery. To assess this relationship, ten healthy male subjects exercised with intensity increasing ...

Muscle pH and temperature were measured before, and continuously for 30 min after, a 30-s maximal sprint exercise in ten subjects. These measurements were made with a needle-tipped pH electrode and a thermocouple placed in vastus lateralis. Venous blood samples were collected for pH, lactate and catecholamine estimations and measurements ...

Pressure relief at the patient support interface is important to avoid tissue breakdown by ischemia, particularly with debilitated subjects. However, there are still few guidelines to indicate the level of relief required for specific tissue areas. This paper examines the nature of the tissue recovery to repeated loading in compression. ...