This study evaluates the effect of different levels of insulation on esophageal (Tes) and rectal (Tre) temperature responses during and following moderate exercise. Seven subjects completed three 18-min bouts of treadmill exercise (75% VO2max, 22 degrees C ambient temperature) followed by 30 min of recovery wearing either: (1) jogging shoes, ...

We hypothesised that exercise in a hot and humid environment would affect echocardiographic indices of cardiac dimensions and function more than exercise in a cool environment. M-mode echocardiograms were obtained in 5 clinically normal horses before, and at 0, 10, 30 and 60 min after a treadmill exercise test. The ...

The aim of this investigation was to study sweat production during exercise at 2 ambient temperatures (20 degrees C and 35 degrees C) and the concurrent localisation of carbonic anhydrase (CA) in the sweat gland. Horses develop alkalosis during prolonged exercise and the sweat contains HCO3-. Carbonic anhydrase is therefore ...

Thermoregulation may limit exercise performance under hot and humid conditions. This study compared heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperature (Tr), packed cell volume (PCV) and total plasma protein concentration (TPP) during a submaximal incremental field exercise test under high vs. low ambient temperature and relative humidity. Ten horses ...

To study the effect of temperature on muscle metabolism during submaximal exercise, six endurance-trained men had one thigh warmed and the other cooled for 40 min prior to exercise using water-perfused cuffs. One cuff was perfused with water at 50-55 degrees C (HL) with the other being perfused with water ...

Fourteen ambulatory subjects, varying in their amount of habitual physical activity, were studied for 24 h during a total of 25 "typical" days. Rectal temperature was recorded every 6 minutes, an activity diary was filled in every half hour, and wrist activity and heart rate were monitored every minute. Actimetry ...

BACKGROUND: Ingesting a combination of caffeine and ephedrine (C+E) has been shown to raise metabolic heat production and body temperature. This side effect of C+E ingestion may be positive during a cold stress scenario, however, during heat stress it could prove to be detrimental. Thus, the purpose of this study ...

Previous studies showed that nocturnal geckos evolved a low energetic cost of locomotion (Cmin), which increases maximum aerobic speed and partially offsets the decrease in maximal oxygen consumption caused by activity at low nocturnal temperatures. Because the advantage of a low Cmin should apply at high diurnal temperatures as well ...

The aim of this study was to determine whether the metabolic response and ultrastructure of muscle differed when horses performed intense exercise at different ambient temperatures. Four Standardbred geldings performed treadmill exercise, including an intensive trot of 2600 m on two different occasions, either at a high ambient temperature of ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of exercise on the subsequent post-exercise thresholds for vasoconstriction and shivering measured during water immersion. On 2 separate days, seven subjects (six males and one female) were immersed in water (37.5 degrees C) that was subsequently cooled at a constant ...

Hidden infestations of stored-product insect larvae are detected most rapidly by acoustic techniques when the larvae are highly active. Larval activity is periodic, however, and it tends to decrease after the larvae are disturbed or cooled. Because of the practical need for rapid inspection of grain at commercial elevators, several ...

At the low temperatures of the overwintering environment of the frog Rana temporaria, small changes in ambient temperature have large effects on metabolism and behaviour, especially since Q10 values are often greatly elevated in the cold. How the overwintering aquatic frog copes with variable thermal environments in terms of its ...

1. To investigate the effect of the muscle metaboreflex on the thermoregulatory sweating response in humans, eight healthy male subjects performed sustained isometric handgrip exercise in an environmental chamber (35 C and 50 % relative humidity) at 30 or 45 % maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), at the end of which ...

To examine the effect of ambient temperature on metabolism during fatiguing submaximal exercise, eight men cycled to exhaustion at a workload requiring 70% peak pulmonary oxygen uptake on three separate occasions, at least 1 wk apart. These trials were conducted in ambient temperatures of 3 degrees C (CT), 20 degrees ...

In this study the effects of multi-loop control of liquid cooling garments (LCGs) under exercise heat stress conditions were investigated by experiments and theoretical analysis. A triple-loop LCG, by which the torso, arms and legs could be independently cooled, was used in the two series of experiments carried out in ...

We conducted this study to determine whether two of the physiological changes associated with non-sustainable exercise, elevated blood lactate levels and decreased arterial pH, contribute to the behavioral hypothermia exhibited by exhausted lizards. Dipsosaurus dorsalis were placed in a thermal gradient and their body temperatures were recorded from 08:00 to ...

Lung nitric oxide (NO) has been postulated to relax airway and vascular smooth muscle at rest and during exercise. As a cold environment is a common cause of respiratory distress, lung exhaled NO was measured during skin and core body cooling at rest and during a progressive cycle exercise. Ten ...

The effects of two kinds of protecting gloves for pesticide spraying made of different materials on thermoregulatory responses during exercise were studied at ambient temperature of 28 degrees C and relative humidity of 60% in six healthy females, aged 19. One kind of gloves was made of polyurethane (A) and ...

OBJECTIVE: To measure changes in rectal temperature and hematologic, biochemical, blood gas, and acid-base values before and after exercise. ANIMALS: 14 healthy adult Labrador Retrievers. PROCEDURE: Dogs exercised continuously for 10 minutes by repeatedly retrieving a dummy thrown approximately 40 to 50 yards on land. The ambient temperature during each ...

BACKGROUND: The influence of non-ionic osmols on thermoregulation is unclear. HYPOTHESIS: Hyperglycemia will attenuate the rise in exercise core temperature. METHODS: Dehydrated by 4-h of water immersion (34.5 degrees C) to the neck, 6 men, (35+/-SD 7 yr) participated in each of three trials where 2.0 g x kg(-1) body ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to determine the effect of temperature on the induction of tissue damage after laser-welded wound closure with and without albumin solder. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Multiple full-thickness skin incisions were made in a porcine model. Incisions were repaired by using a 1.32-microm laser at ...

This study tested a new ice cooling system that permits ice cooling system recharge without personal protective clothing removal. Six male volunteers (22.1 +/- 1.2 years) underwent tests with the new ice cooling system (COOL) and without (NOCL) at a moderate work rate (450 W) in three environments of 28, ...

Eight healthy and physically well-trained male students exercised on a treadmill for 60 min while being immersed in water to the middle of the chest in a laboratory flowmill. The water velocity was adjusted so that the intensity of exercise correspond to 50% maximal oxygen uptake of each subject, and ...

Exercise has a noted effect on skin blood flow and temperature. We aimed to characterize the normal skin temperature response to exercise by thermographic imaging. A study was conducted on ten healthy and active subjects (age=25.8+/-0.7 years) who were exposed to graded exercise for determination of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 ...

The purpose of this present study was to compare the physiological effects of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of the fabrics investigated in exercising and resting subjects at an ambient temperature of 30 degrees C and a relative humidity of 50% with and without wind. Three kinds of clothing ensemble ...

The development of thermophysiological responses during four consecutive exercise/rest sessions in the cold was studied in men wearing chemical protective clothing and a face mask. Six men repeated four exercise/rest sessions during 8 h at -10 degrees C. Each session consisted of step exercise (240 W x m(-2)) for 60 ...

BACKGROUND: Thermoregulatory responses were studied during rest and exercise in men wearing diverse handwear with an extended cold-weather clothing system [ECWCS]. The ECWCS (thermal insulation = 3.6 clo (1 clo = thermal resistance approximately 0.155 m2.K.W(-1)); weight = 10.1 kg) incorporates skin-tight polypropylene underwear, polyester/cotton fatigues, polyester-insulated liners, balaclava, vapor-barrier ...

Aerobic, microaerophilic, coliform, and mold populations of Botrytis cinerea-inoculated strawberry fruit not exposed (control) or exposed to low and high quantities of four volatile compounds during storage at 2 degrees C were determined after storage for 7 days and after removal of the volatile and transfer to 22 degrees C ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of exercise on the subsequent postexercise thresholds for vasoconstriction and shivering. On two separate days, with six subjects (3 women), a whole body water-perfused suit slowly decreased mean skin temperature (approximately 7.0 degreesC/h) until thresholds for vasoconstriction and shivering were ...

To investigate regional body differences in the effect of exercise intensity on the thermoregulatory sweating response, nine healthy male subjects (23.2 +/- 0.4 year) cycled at 35, 50 and 65% of their maximal O2 uptake (VO2max) for 30 min at an ambient temperature of 28.3 +/- 0.2 degrees C and ...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of exposure to differing light intensities for several hours during the daytime on the cutaneous vasodilatation and local forearm sweat rate induced by exercise. Seven healthy female subjects were exposed to bright light of 6000 lux (bright) or dim ...

Intradialytic exercise may improve hemodialysis efficiency. Because exercise interferes with thermal energy and fluid balance, relative blood volume changes (deltaBV%), arterial blood temperatures (T(art)), mean arterial blood pressures, and heart rates (HR) were measured using different dialysate temperatures (Tdia). Four stable patients (age, 49.9 +/- 7.7 years) were studied during ...

A study was undertaken in man to investigate whether during moderate cold stress, the proportion of carbohydrate (CHO) oxidized is increased, and whether prior prolonged exhaustive exercise compromises thermoregulation. Eight euglycaemic men were cooled by a liquid-conditioned suit (1) after an overnight fast (Con) and (2) approximately 2 h after ...

Rectal temperature (Tre) is often used to adjust measurements of blood gases, but these adjusted measurements may not approximate temperatures during intense exercise at main sites of gas exchange: muscle and lung. To evaluate differences in blood gases between sites, temperatures (T) were measured with thermocouples in the rectum (re), ...

Human performance generally varies in phase with the circadian curve in body temperature. This relationship between performance and core body temperature may be disrupted when exercise causes a pronounced rise in body temperature. In this study the authors compared responses to exercise in the morning and in the evening when ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of 15 minutes of upper and lower extremity exercise on raising intramuscular temperature in the triceps surae to 39 degrees C to 45 degrees C (the therapeutic range). DESIGN AND SETTING: Intramuscular temperature was measured 5 cm deep in the triceps surae using a 23-gauge ...

Using a simultaneous-dilution technique, we investigated body-fluid volume changes during exercise in seven males, during 50 min of cycling (50% maximal work rate) in hot (36.2 degrees C), temperate (22.0 degrees C) and cool conditions (14.4 degrees C). Total body water (TBW), extracellular fluid (ECFV), plasma (PV) and erythrocyte volumes ...

The etiology of exercise hypocapnia is unknown. The contributions of exercise intensity (ExInt), lactic acid, environmental temperature, rectal temperature (Tre), and physical conditioning to the variance in arterial CO2 tension (PaCO2) in the exercising sheep were quantified. We hypothesized that thermal drive contributes to hyperventilation. Four unshorn sheep were exercised ...

To assess the impact of continuous negative-pressure breathing (CNPB) on the regulation of skin blood flow, we measured forearm blood flow (FBF) by venous-occlusion plethysmography and laser-Doppler flow (LDF) at the anterior chest during exercise in a hot environment (ambient temperature = 30 degreesC, relative humidity = approximately 30%). Seven ...

On separate nights 90 to 30 min before typical bedtime, eight physically active men completed three conditions: seated rest, low-intensity and moderate-intensity cycle exercise. Low-and moderate-intensity exercise had no significant effect on sleep onset latency, the number of awakenings, total sleep time or sleep efficiency as measured by the Sleep ...

This study investigated the question: is core temperature measurement influenced by whether exercise involves predominantly upper- or lower-body musculature? Healthy men were allocated to three groups: treadmill ergometry (T) n = 4, cycle ergometry (C) n = 6 and arm crank ergometry (AC) n = 5. Subjects underwent an incremental ...

We present what is to our knowledge the first theoretical and experimental estimation of the thermal characteristics of a composite Nd:YAG rod with an Al2O3 (sapphire) end in diode-end-pumped geometry. The peak temperature rise in the active segment is calculated to be reduced to 66% and the focal length of ...

Since a decline in temperature decreases aerobic capacity and slows the kinetics of exercise-to-rest transitions in ectotherms, we manipulated body temperature to better understand the performance limits of intermittent locomotion. Distance capacity (i.e., the total distance traveled before fatigue) of the ghost crab, Ocypode quadrata, was determined during acute exposure ...

Transversal studies have shown a strong correlation between specific evoked potential (EP) values and specific physical activities, as well as between EP values and the amount of training. Prior to longitudinal studies investigating the effect of training in EPs, it is mandatory to determine whether a recent training session could ...

STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study performed in two institutions where patients scheduled for surgical management of scoliosis were evaluated with traction and supine side bending radiographs to determine curve flexibility. OBJECTIVE: To determine if there is a difference in the flexibility of curves as determined by side bending or traction ...

Six trained male athletes (aged 24.3+/-2.9 years) performed cycling exercise from 23.00 to 23.50 h. From 00.30 to 07.00 h, the subjects followed a schedule that consisted of 30 min trying to fall asleep in bed and 60 min of being awake outside the bedroom. The control experiment was conducted ...

Spontaneous running in a running wheel has emerged as an alternative method of exercise in small animals. The present study investigated how exercise training with a running wheel affects core temperature level and thermoeffector thresholds in rats. Female rats were allowed to run freely in the wheel for 6 months. ...

We studied the difference of thermoregulatory responses between trained male athletes (TR, n = 9) and untrained men (UT, n = 7) during 60 min of cold exposure (15 degrees C) without shivering, and examined the effects of physical fitness and body fat on these responses. Mean skin temperature (Tsk), ...

PURPOSE: This study compared the agreement between core temperature measurements obtained using an ingestible temperature pill telemetry system (Tpill) with those obtained from rectal (Tre) and esophageal (Tes) thermocouples under conditions of increasing and decreasing body temperature. METHODS: Four men and five women (age 25+/-2 yr, BSA 1.81+/-0.05 m2, VO2 ...

We measured brain and abdominal temperatures in eight male Sprague-Dawley rats (350-450 g) exercising voluntarily to a point of fatigue in two hot environments. Rats exercised, at the same time of the day, in three different trials, in random order: rest 23 degrees C, exercise 33 degrees C; rest 23 ...