The autonomic regulation is non-invasively estimated from heart rate variability (HRV). Many methods utilized to assess autonomic regulation require stationarity of HRV recordings. However, non-stationarities are frequently present even during well-controlled experiments, thus potentially biasing HRV indices. The aim of our study is to quantify the potential bias of spectral, ...

Muscle activation during self-resistance exercises was studied in 18 subjects performing 1) maximal unilateral isometric co-contractions of flexor and extensor muscles of the right elbow (UNI); 2) bilateral exercises consisting of maximal isometric extensions of the right elbow against the left elbow flexors (BiExt) and maximal isometric flexion of the ...

The endocannabinoid system is known to have positive effects on depression partly through its actions on neurotrophins, such as Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF). As BDNF is also considered the major candidate molecule for exercise-induced brain plasticity, we hypothesized that the endocannabinoid system represents a crucial signaling system mediating the beneficial ...

Carotid chemoreceptor (CC) inhibition reduces sympathetic nervous outflow in exercising dogs and humans. We sought to determine if CC suppression increases muscle blood flow in humans during exercise and hypoxia. Healthy subjects (N = 13) were evaluated at rest and during constant-work leg extension exercise while exposed to either normoxia ...

Practice tutors' evaluation to (i) establish current physical activity and exercise promotion and prescription curriculum content and (ii) their knowledge, attitudes and beliefs concerning physical activity and exercise prescription in clinical education, in terms of contemporary and emerging health trends and priorities. A cross sectional survey employing a questionnaire and ...

BackgroundGastrointestinal (GI) symptoms during exercise may be caused by GI ischaemia. The authors report their experience with the diagnostic protocol and management of athletes with symptomatic exercise-induced GI ischaemia. The value of prolonged exercise tonometry in the diagnostic protocol of these patients was evaluated.MethodsPatients referred for GI symptoms during physical ...

The mouse has many advantages over other experimental models for the molecular investigation of left ventricular (LV) function. Accordingly, there is a keen interest in, as well as an intense need for, a conscious, chronically instrumented, freely moving mouse model for the determination of cardiac function. To address this need, ...

To understand the effects of a resistive vibration exercise (RVE) countermeasure on changes in lumbo-pelvic muscle motor control during prolonged bed-rest, 20 male subjects took part in the Berlin Bed-Rest Study (in 2003-2005) and were randomised to a RVE group or an inactive control group. Surface electromyographic signals recorded from ...

Abstract Reduced hepatic lactate elimination initiates blood lactate accumulation during incremental exercise. In this study, we wished to determine whether renal lactate elimination contributes to the initiation of blood lactate accumulation. The renal arterial-to-venous (a-v) lactate difference was determined in nine men during sodium lactate infusion to enhance the evaluation ...

Single bouts of exercise induce an acute state of oxidative stress. It is largely unknown what this means in the context of diseases which are associated with increased oxidative stress, e.g., type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Free radicals can destroy the structure of erythrocytes and reduce their deformability. Antioxidative peroxiredoxins ...

Recently, clinicians have focused much attention on the importance of hip strength for the rehabilitation of not only patients with low back pain but also lower extremity pathology. Properly designing a rehabilitation program for the gluteal muscles requires careful consideration of biomechanical principles, such as length of the external moment ...

PURPOSE: Dysphagia after chemoradiotherapy is common. The present randomized clinical trial studied the effectiveness of preventative behavioral intervention for dysphagia compared with the "usual care." METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 58 head-and-neck cancer patients treated with chemoradiotherapy were randomly assigned to usual care, sham swallowing intervention, or active swallowing ...

PURPOSE: Exercise testing is often used to assess cardiac function during physical exertion to obtain diagnostic information. However, this procedure is limited to measuring the electrical activity of the heart using electrocardiography and intermittent blood pressure (BP) measurements and does not involve the continuous assessment of heart functioning. In this ...

Effective arterial elastance(E(A)) is a measure of the net arterial load imposed on the heart that integrates the effects of heart rate(HR), peripheral vascular resistance(PVR), and total arterial compliance(TAC) and is a modulator of cardiac performance. To what extent the change in E(A) during exercise impacts on cardiac performance and ...

Abstract Gill remodeling can be extensive in crucian carp, where up to a 7.5-fold increase in gill surface area has been observed during exposure to hypoxia through a reduction in the interlamellar cell mass (ILCM) and increased lamellar protrusion that has been hypothesized to be signaled by the need to ...

After considerable debate and key experimental evidence, the importance of the arterial baroreflex in contributing to and maintaining the appropriate neural cardiovascular adjustments to exercise is now well accepted. Indeed, the arterial baroreflex resets during exercise in an intensity-dependent manner to continue to regulate blood pressure as effectively as at ...

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy of the ePulse Personal Fitness Assistant, a forearm-worn device that provides measures of heart rate and estimates energy expenditure. Forty-six participants engaged in 4-minute periods of standing, 2.0 mph walking, 3.5 mph walking, 4.5 mph jogging, and 6.0 mph ...

Hodges, SJ, Patrick, RJ, and Reiser II, RF. Effects of fatigue on bilateral ground reaction force asymmetries during the squat exercise. J Strength Cond Res 25(11): 3107-3117, 2011-Physical performance and injury risk have been related to functional asymmetries of the lower extremity. The effect of fatigue on asymmetries is not ...

Farinatti, PTV and Castinheiras Neto, AG. The effect of between-set rest intervals on the oxygen uptake during and after resistance exercise sessions performed with large and small-muscle mass. J Strength Cond Res 25(11): 3181-3190, 2011-Between-set rest intervals (RIs) may influence accumulated fatigue, work volume, and therefore oxygen uptake (&OV0312;O2) and ...

A single bout of prolonged endurance exercise stimulates glucose transport in skeletal muscles, leading to post-exercise muscle glycogen supercompensation if sufficient carbohydrate is provided after the cessation of exercise. Although we recently found that short-term sprint interval exercise also stimulates muscle glucose transport, the effect of this type of exercise ...

While in vitro work has revealed that dehydration and hyperthermia can elicit increased cellular and oxidative stress, in vivo research linking dehydration, hyperthermia, and oxidative stress is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise-induced dehydration with and without hyperthermia on oxidative stress. Seven healthy ...

Going to failure - or not, have probably been one of the most debated issues during the history of strength training. However, few studies have directly compared the physiological effect of failure versus non-failure strength training. The purpose of this study was to evaluate muscle activation strategies with electromyography during ...

Background/Objectives:The metabolic responses to mixed breakfast meals with different glycemic indexes (GI) and their effects on substrate metabolism during exercise in adolescent girls have not been examined. The interaction with weight status also warrants investigation. This study investigated the effect of mixed breakfast meals containing high GI (HGI) or low ...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the EMG activity of pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles during the pullover exercise. Eight healthy male volunteers took part in the study. The EMG activity of the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles of the right side was acquired simultaneously ...

Recent studies indicate that rotator cuff (RC) muscles are recruited in a reciprocal, direction-specific pattern during shoulder flexion and extension exercises. The main purpose of this study was to determine if similar reciprocal RC recruitment occurs during bench press (flexion-like) and row (extension-like) exercises. In addition, shoulder muscle activity was ...

Background:  The rate of change (Δ) in cerebral oxygenation (COx) during exercise is influenced by blood flow and arterial O(2) content (CaO(2) ). It is currently unclear whether ΔCOx would (i) be impaired during exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who do not fulfil the current criteria ...

Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) experience abnormal gait patterns and reduced physical activity. The purpose of this study was to determine if an elliptical exercise intervention for patients with MS would change joint kinetics during gait towards healthy control values. Gait analysis was performed on patients with MS (n = ...

We sought to determine whether the activation of metabolically sensitive skeletal muscle afferents (muscle metaboreflex) is a potential mechanism for the decrease in spontaneous cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (cBRS) during exercise in humans. In protocol 1, 15 male subjects (22 ± 1 years) performed steady-state leg cycling at low (26 ± ...

The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis whether different levels of sock compression (0, 10, 20, and 40 mmHg) affect erythrocyte deformability and metabolic parameters during sub-maximal and maximal running. Nine well-trained, male endurance athletes (age 22.2 ± 1.3 years, peak oxygen uptake 57.7 ± 4.5 mL min(-1) kg(-1)) carried out four periods of sub-maximal running ...

The present study explored the effects of three different activity conditions on three attentional functions: alerting, orienting, and executive control. A group of highly experienced cyclists performed the Attention Network Test-Interactions (Callejas, Lupiáñez, & Tudela, 2004) at rest, during moderate aerobic exercise, and during intense aerobic exercise. Results indicated that ...

We examined the effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) upon volitional hyperpnoea-mediated increases in blood lactate ([lac(-)](B)) during cycling at maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) power, and blood lactate and oxygen uptake kinetics at the onset of exercise. Twenty males formed either an IMT (n = 10) or control group (n = 10). Prior ...

Gender-based differences in the physiological response to exercise have been studied extensively for the last four decades, and yet the study of post-exercise, gender-specific recovery has only been developing in more recent years. This review of the literature aims to present the current state of knowledge in this field, focusing ...

The use of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) for energy is inhibited in inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Increased energy demands during exercise can lead to cardiomyopathy and rhabdomyolysis. Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) bypass the block in long-chain FAO and may provide an alternative energy substrate to exercising muscle. ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of caffeine ingestion on the performance of an intermittent sprint cycling test (ISCT) with different rest intervals. Fourteen males with team sport experience consumed 6 mg kg(-1) of caffeine or a placebo 60 min prior to completing two sets of an ISCT with ...

This study investigated the effects of drink composition on voluntary intake, hydration status, selected physiological responses and affective states during simulated gymnasium-based exercise. In a randomised counterbalanced design, 12 physically active adults performed three 20-min intervals of cardiovascular exercise at 75% heart rate maximum, one 20-min period of resistance exercise ...

We investigated whether a core temperature threshold for hyperthermic hyperventilation is seen during prolonged submaximal exercise in the heat when core temperature before the exercise is reduced and whether the evoked hyperventilatory response is affected by altering the initial core temperature. Ten male subjects performed three exercise trials at 50% ...

It has been argued that the physical sensations induced by exercise, measured as the ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), are distinct from the sense of effort. This study aimed to determine whether a new measure of task effort - the Task Effort and Awareness (TEA) score - is able to ...

There is evidence that pulmonary arterial hypertension plays a major role in the occurrence of high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). We tested the hypothesis that the pulmonary arterial systolic pressure response to a challenge associated with hypoxia and mild exercise may be considered a predictive factor of HAPE. Pulmonary arterial ...

The purpose of this study was to determine whether exercise modulates the responses of middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCA V(mean) ) and cerebrovascular conductance to sympathetic stimulation (i.e. cold pressor test - CPT). To accomplish this, MCA V(mean) responses were assessed during CPT, static handgrip exercise (HG) at 30% ...

This review focuses on the possibility that autonomic activity influences cerebral blood flow (CBF) and metabolism during exercise in humans. Apart from cerebral autoregulation, the arterial carbon dioxide tension, and neuronal activation, it may be that the autonomic nervous system influences CBF as evidenced by pharmacological manipulation of adrenergic and ...

Fire suppression and rescue is a physiologically demanding occupation due to extreme external heat as well as the physical and thermal burden of the protective garments. These conditions challenge body temperature homeostasis and results in heat stress. Accurate field assessment of core temperature is complex and unreliable. The present investigation ...

Perilipin 1 is involved in the control of adipose tissue triacylglycerol hydrolysis. Its ablation in mice decreases fat mass and induces a partial resistance to diet-induced and genetic obesity. However, the consequences of perilipin 1 invalidation on energy balance are not fully defined. Moreover, the impact of perilipin 1 ablation ...

Exercise in the heat enhances oxidative stress markers in the human circulation, but the contribution of active skeletal muscle and the influence of hydration status remain unknown. To address this question, we measured leg exchange of glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) and isoprostanes in seven males ...

Aim:  To investigate the effect of carbon monoxide (CO) in the inspired air as anticipated during peak hours of traffic in polluted megalopolises on cerebral, respiratory and leg muscle oxygenation during a constant-power test. In addition, since O(2) breathing is used to hasten elimination of CO from the blood, we ...

AimsIt is not clear whether cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) should only be optimized at rest or whether it is necessary to perform CRT optimization during exercise. Our study aims to answer this question by using an inert gas rebreathing method (Innocor(®)).Methods and resultsTwenty-seven patients with congestive heart failure and implanted ...

This study compared the oxygen uptake (VO(2)) and muscle deoxygenation (∆HHb) of two intermittent protocols to responses during continuous constant load cycle exercise in males (24 year ± 2, n = 7). Subjects performed three protocols: (1) 10 s work/5 s active recovery (R), R at 20 W (INT1): (2) 10 s work/5 s R, R at moderate intensity (INT2); ...

The effect of carbohydrate (CHO) consumption during prolonged endurance running on post-exercise inflammation and hepcidin levels was investigated. Eleven well-trained male endurance athletes completed a graded exercise test, followed by two experimental running trials in a randomized order. The two experimental trials consisted of a 90 min run at 75% of ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of carbohydrate ingestion on force output and time to exhaustion using single leg static contractions superimposed with brief periods of electromyostimulation. Six trained male subjects participated in a randomized, counterbalanced, double blind study. Subjects were randomly assigned to placebo (PL) ...

PURPOSE:: To examine the influence of head to head (HH) competition on performance, pacing strategy, and bioenergetics, during a 2,000-m cycling task. METHODS:: Fourteen participants completed three, 2,000-m familiarization time trials (TTs) on a Velotron cycle ergometer, before completing an additional TT and a 2,000-m simulated HH competition in a ...

Not applicable. Commissioned historical symposium report.