INTRODUCTION: Although it has been reported that the work of breathing may be higher in women, inconsistencies among studies leaves this important question unresolved. Also, the association between the oxygen cost of breathing and rating of perceived breathlessness (RPB) during exercise has not been examined between women and men. PURPOSE: ...

Metabolites of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) pathway may contribute to vasodilation of the vasculature. However, it is not known whether exercise affects their circulating concentrations. The authors determined effects of exercise intensity and duration on plasma concentrations of epoxy and dihydroxy metabolites of arachidonic acid. Their goal was to delineate ...

This paper describes a new mathematical approach for the analysis of HR (heart rate) and BL (blood lactate) curves during incremental exercise testing using a HR/BL curve and its derivatives, taking into account the native shape of all curves, without any linear approximation. Using this approach the results indicate the ...

Heavy-load resistance exercise is not normally associated with stretch shortening muscle activation. Rapid lengthening, and a decreased period of time between lengthening and shortening phases of contraction (amortisation phase) has been associated with increased energy transfer from passive muscle structures (series elastic component, SEC), and gains in muscle efficiency during ...

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of glycemic index (GI) and fructose content in lunch on substrate utilization during subsequent brisk walking. Ten healthy young males completed 3 main trials in a counterbalanced crossover design. They completed 60 min of brisk walking at approximately 50% maximal ...

The aim of this prospective cohort study was to identify which blood pressure measurement during exercise is the best predictor of future hypertension. Further we aimed to create a risk chart to facilitate the evaluation of blood pressure reaction during exercise testing. A number (n=1047) of exercise tests by bicycle ...

This study compared the metabolic and performance effects of riding front-only suspension (FS) and front-and-rear suspension (FRS) mountain bicycles on an off-road course that simulated competitive cross-country race conditions (>105 min in duration, with ∼70% of time spent riding uphill). Seven competitive mountain bikers (73.8 ± 7.6 kg; 61.0 ± ...

Fatigue occurs prematurely during exercise in hot conditions. The role of thermal perception in driving pacing has yet to be determined. We tested the hypothesis that improved thermal perception (feeling cooler and more comfortable) in the absence of changed thermal state, would alter pacing and improve time trial (TT) performance. ...

It has been demonstrated that the local neuromuscular response during high intensity exercise has a strong relationship with endurance markers. However, a diminished neuromuscular response has been reported for the operated leg in athletes having undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The purpose of the present study was to examine ...

The aims of this study were to estimate the energy expenditure (EE) and the intensity of physical activity (PA) during a competitive simulation of Latin American dancing and to evaluate the differences in PA and EE values between the sexes, between different dance types, and between the various phases of ...

To compare the effect of inter-set cooling and no cooling during resistance exercise (RE) on the total repetitions and select muscle damage biomarker responses. Sixteen healthy men volunteered to participate in this study and were randomly assigned to Cooling (n = 8) or Control (n = 8) groups. They performed ...

During long-distance exercise, it can become difficult to continue to provide good nutrition support. The aim was to evaluate the potential of sausage "Saucisport" (water: 71%, proteins: 17%, carbohydrates: 3%, fat: 6%, other: 3%) to maintain metabolic balance and performance during long-distance exercise. 10 male long-distance runners (mean ± SD: ...

Increasing literature has studied the effects of dietary nitrates and moreover, L-arginine supplementation on tolerance to exercise and O(2) consumption during exercise. However, few studies have investigated the effects of L-arginine on performance measures such as a time trial. It was hypothesised that an acute 3-day L-arginine supplementation would elicit ...

The aim of this study was to examine the most intense periods of high-intensity running during elite soccer matches. Elite players (n=100) were analysed using a multi-camera computerised tracking system. Total high-intensity running distance (speed ≥19.8 km·h(-1)) and that covered in the most intense 5-min period were quantified during games. ...

Exposure to cold environments affects human performance and physiological function. Major medical organizations recommend rectal temperature (TREC) to evaluate core body temperature (TcORE) during exercise in the cold; however, other field expedient devices claim to measure TCORE. The purpose of this study was to determine if field expedient devices provide ...

Abstract The effects of serial episodes of fatigue and recovery on volitional and magnetically evoked neuromuscular performance of the knee flexors were assessed in 20 female soccer players during: (i) an intervention comprising 4 × 35 s maximal static exercise, and (ii) a control condition. Volitional peak force was impaired progressively (∼16% vs. ...

Glucose metabolism increases in hypoxia and can be influenced by endogenous adenosine, but the role of adenosine for regulating glucose metabolism at rest or during exercise in hypoxia has not been elucidated in humans. We studied the effects of exogenous adenosine on human skeletal muscle glucose uptake and other blood ...

The objective of the authors in this study was to identify pregnant, low-income African American women's barriers and facilitators to exercise during pregnancy. A series of six focus groups with pregnant African American women were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Focus group transcripts were qualitatively analyzed for major themes and independently ...

The aims were both to determine lactate and ventilatory threshold during incremental resistance training and to analyze the acute cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses during constant-load resistance exercise at lactate threshold (LT) intensity. Ten healthy men performed 2 protocols on leg press machine. The incremental test was performed to determine the ...

The influence of acidosis on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was examined by buffering pH changes during 10 min of continuous low intensity (LIE) and following high intensity cycling exercise to exhaustion (HIE). 11 athletes participated in 2 trials separated by 1 week. Individuals received either a placebo infusion (isotonic saline) or ...

AbstractDuring exercise, neural input from skeletal muscles reflexly maintains or elevates blood pressure (BP) despite a maybe five-fold increase in vascular conductance. This exercise pressor reflex is illustrated by similar heart rate (HR) and BP responses to electrically induced and voluntary exercise. The importance of the exercise pressor reflex for ...

In the present study, intracortical communication between mid/anterior insular and motor cortex was investigated during a fatiguing cycling exercise. From 16 healthy male subjects performing a constant-load test at 60% peak oxygen consumption (VO(2peak) ) until volitional exhaustion, electroencephalography data were analysed during repetitive, artefact-free periods of 1-min duration. To ...

Despite the rapid growth of mass-participation road cycling, little is known about the dietary, metabolic and behavioral responses of ultra-endurance cyclists. This investigation describes physiological responses, perceptual ratings, energy balance, and macronutrient intake of 42 men (mean ± SD; age, 38±6 y; height, 179.7±7.1 cm; body mass, 85.85±14.79 kg) and ...

The relative influence of muscle metabo- and baroreflex activity on heat loss responses during post-isometric handgrip (IHG) exercise ischemia remains unknown, particularly under heat stress. Therefore, we examined the separate and integrated influences of metabo- and baroreceptor-mediated reflex activity on sweat rate and cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) under increasing levels ...

INTRODUCTION: During exercise, ischemic risk increases, possibly due to changes in coagulation and fibrinolytic activity. Previous research suggests ambient temperature affects resting thrombotic potential, but the effect of heat and cold on hemostasis during exercise is unknown. The purpose of this study was to assess changes in coagulation and fibrinolysis ...

Abstract Objectives: Emotional excitement may trigger serious cardiovascular (CV) events. Our objective was to compare the changes in potential surrogate markers of CV events in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) during emotional excitement and exercise. Design: 53 enthusiastic ice hockey spectators with stable CAD attended the Finnish national ice ...

The human physiological system is stressed to its limits during endurance sports competition events. We describe a whole body computational model for energy conversion during bicycle racing. About 23 per cent of the metabolic energy is used for muscle work, the rest is converted to heat. We calculated heat transfer ...

The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether both glycemic index (GI) and fructose content of a pre-exercise meal would affect substrate utilization during subsequent brisk walking. Ten healthy young males completed 60 min of 46% [Formula: see text] brisk walking 2 h after they consumed one of three breakfasts: ...

The purpose of this study was to correlate the trochlear shape and patellar tilt angle and lateral patellar displacement at rest and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) exercises during Open (OKC) and Closed Kinetic Chain (CKC) in subjects with and without anterior knee pain (AKP). Subjects were all women, 20 ...

Oral exercises, including tongue, lip, and jaw movements, are commonly used in clinical practice as training to improve oral and pharyngeal swallowing in dysphagia patients. These rehabilitation exercises are believed to affect the peripheral and central nervous system at various levels. However, few studies have examined healthy subjects' brain activity ...

This study investigated the effect of changes in inspiratory intrathoracic pressure on stroke volume at rest and during moderate exercise in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFREF) as well as healthy individuals. Stroke volume was obtained by echocardiography during 2 min of spontaneous breathing (S), two progressive ...

Edvardsen, E, Ingjer, F, and Bø, K. Fit women are not able to use the whole aerobic capacity during aerobic dance. J Strength Cond Res 25(X): 000-000, 2011-This study compared the aerobic capacity during maximal aerobic dance and treadmill running in fit women. Thirteen well-trained female aerobic dance instructors aged ...

Kannas, TM, Kellis, E, and Amiridis, IG. Biomechanical differences between incline and plane hopping. J Strength Cond Res 25(X): 000-000, 2011-The need for the generation of higher joint power output during performance of dynamic activities led us to investigate the force-length relationship of the plantar flexors during consecutive stretch-shortening cycles ...

Avelar, NCP, Simão, AP, Tossige-Gomes, R, Neves, CDC, Mezencio, B, Szmuchrowski, L, Coimbra, CC, and Lacerda, ACR. Oxygen consumption and heart rate during repeated squatting exercises with or without whole-body vibration in the elderly. J Strength Cond Res 25(X): 000-000, 2011-The aim of this study was to investigate whether vibration ...

Brain glycogen localized in astrocytes, a critical energy source for neurons, decreases during prolonged exhaustive exercise with hypoglycaemia. However, it is uncertain whether exhaustive exercise induces glycogen supercompensation in the brain as in skeletal muscle. To explore this question, we exercised adult male rats to exhaustion at moderate intensity (20 ...

Eliakim, M, Bodner, E, Eliakim, A, Nemet, D, and Meckel, Y. Effect of motivational music on lactate levels during recovery from intense exercise. J Strength Cond Res 25(X): 000-000, 2011-The effects of music played during an exercise task on athletic performance have been previously studied. Yet, these results are not ...

The goal of the study was to evaluate and to quantify the effects of local electromyostimulation (EMS) during cycling on the cardio-respiratory system, muscle metabolism and perceived exertion compared to cycling with no EMS.Ten healthy men (age: 24.6 ± 3.2 years, VO2max: 54.1 ± 6.0 ml/min/kg) performed three incremental cycle ...

Respiratory and cardiovascular responses to muscle mechanoreflex, (passive calf stretch) and metaboreflex (local circulatory occlusion) activation, were examined during inhalation of an hypercapnic gas mixture in 4 trials. These controlled for the effects of metabolite sensitisation of muscle afferents, hypercapnia induced elevation of central respiratory drive and also central command.In ...

This study evaluated changes in markers of acid-base balance that occurred during simulated soccer match-play. Sixteen academy soccer players participated in a soccer match simulation (SMS) that consisted of 90 min of soccer-specific exercise with skills throughout. Blood samples were obtained before exercise (pre-exercise), and every 15-min during the simulation ...

The present study was designed to determine changes in the multiple-choice reaction time (MRT) during treadmill running simulating locomotor activity during a soccer game and to examine the effect of branched chain amino acids (BCAA) ingestion on psychomotor performance during the effort. Ten male soccer players were submitted to BCAA ...

Heat acclimation (HA) often starts in a moderately hot environment to prevent thermal overload and stops immediately prior to athletic activities. The aims of this study were 1) to establish whether acclimation to a moderately hot climate is sufficient to provide full acclimation for extreme heat and 2) to investigate ...

The addition of L: -arginine or L: -glutamine to glucose-electrolyte solutions can increase intestinal water, glucose, and sodium absorption in rats and humans. We evaluated the utility of L: -arginine and L: -glutamine in energy-rehydration beverages through assessment of exogenous glucose oxidation and perceptions of exertion and gastrointestinal distress during ...

The brain function controlling muscle force production is not yet fully understood. The purpose of this study was to examine bilateral primary motor cortex (M1) oxygenation during static-handgrip exercises performed with the right hand (60% maximal voluntary contraction; 10 s exercise/75 s rest; five sets). Twelve healthy, right-handed male subjects ...

This study evaluated the influence of activewear undergarments worn under the standard mining coveralls on whole-body heat exchange and change in body heat content during work in the heat. Each participant performed 60 min of cycling at a constant rate of heat production of 400 W followed by 60 min of ...

To examine the effect of drinking an ice slurry (slushy) compared with cold water on prolonged submaximal exercise performed in the heat and on thermoregulatory responses. Crossover trial, with the 2 conditions counterbalanced and in random order. Results were adjusted for multiple comparisons by the method of Bonferroni. Exercise laboratory ...

The myositis ossificans around shoulder in military recruits are not reported yet. Three young male soldiers presented with complaints of palpable mass at the anterior aspect of shoulder; tenderness around the superior part of deltopectoral groove close to acromioclavicular joint; and restriction of shoulder motion. They also noticed ecchymosis and ...

Colado JC, Pablos C, Chulvi-Medrano I, Garcia-Masso X, Flandez J, Behm DG. The progression of paraspinal muscle recruitment intensity in localized and global strength training exercises is not based on instability alone. To evaluate electromyographic activity of several paraspinal muscles during localized stabilizing exercises and multijoint or global stabilizing exercises. ...

Neural activation decreases cerebral deoxyhemoglobin (HHbC) and increases oxyhemoglobin concentration (O2HbC). In contrast, patients who present with restricted cerebral blood flow (CBF) such as those suffering from cerebral ischemia, Alzheimer's disease, and during the course of aging, the converse occurs in that HHbC increases and O2HbC decreases during neural activation. ...

BACKGROUND: Various forms of resistance are used in rotator cuff training programs. However, the muscular activity of the infraspinatus during arm elevation has not been clarified in detail. We aimed to evaluate infraspinatus fatigue during resisted arm elevation in various positions. METHODS: The dominant (right) shoulders of 39 healthy subjects ...

PURPOSE:: Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has recently became available for Pompe's disease. Data on the effects of ERT on physiological variables related to exercise tolerance have never been published. METHODS:: Pulmonary gas exchange, cardiac output (by impedance cardiography), vastus lateralis muscle O2 extraction (by near-infrared spectroscopy) were determined during cycle ...